Chapter 2 Concepts of Technology
PowerPoint:By Mr. Ahrens
Peshtigo Middle/High School
Textbook:Introduction to Technology
By Pierce and Karwatka
Chapter 2 Concepts of Technology
Section 2A TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES• Seven technology resources• New ideas and inventions• Six simple machines
Section 2B TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS• Systems and subsystems• Open- and closed-loop systems• Systems play a part in technology
Section 2C DEVELOPING A SYSTEM OR PRODUCT• Development of products and systems• Criteria and constraints, optimization, and
maintenance and control• Tradeoffs• Positive and negative effects
Section 2ATechnology Resources
What resources do you need to create technology?
Seven Resources:•People •Information•Tools and Machines•Capital •Time•Materials•Energy
Why can’t we create technology without people?
People create technology People have imagination People have skills
•Skill is what you develop when you combine knowledge and practice in order to perform an activity well
Why can’t we create technology without people?
What skill is she developing?
Nontraditional Occupations for Women
How do we use information to create technology?
Information leads to knowledge and understanding
We use information, skill, and natural resources to meet our needs and wants
Why are tools and machines needed to develop technology? A tool is anything that increase
your ability to do work
•Primary tool – a basic tool that is hand held and muscle powered
Why are tools and machines needed to develop technology? A tool is anything that increase
your ability to do work•Machine – a tool with a power system that takes advantage of certain scientific laws that enable the tool to work better
Six Simple Machines
1. Wheel and Axle2. Pulley3. Lever4. Incline Plane5. Wedge6. ScrewCompound Machines
Six Simple Machines- Wheel and Axle -
A wheel and axle is a wheel with a rod, called an axle, through its center lifts or
moves loads
Six Simple Machines- Pulley -
A pulley uses grooved wheels and a rope or cable to raise, lower or move
a load
Six Simple Machines - Lever –
A lever is a stiff bar that rests on a support called a fulcrum which lifts or
moves loads
Six Simple Machines- Incline Plane -
An incline plane is a slanting surface connecting a lower level to a higher
level
Six Simple Machines - Wedge -
A wedge is an object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge,
which can cut material apart
Six Simple Machines - Screw -
A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a pole which holds things
together or lifts materials
Six Simple Machines- Compound Machines -
•A compound machines consists of two or more simple machines put together
•Most machines are compound machines
•Compound machines can do more difficult jobs than simple machines alone
•Their mechanical advantage is far greater than the simple machines would be alone
Why do we need capital to develop technology?
Capital = money, credit, or property•With capital, people can acquire the other resources needed to create technology
How does time affect the development of all technology? Everything takes time, even if measured in
millionths of a second• People are paid for their time they work
The results of our efforts take shape over time
Why do we need materials to develop technology?
Technology developed because people learned how to use and process various materials•Raw Materials•Processed Materials•Manufactured Materials•Synthetic Materials
Why do we need materials to develop technology?
Raw MaterialsMaterials in their natural state
Why do we need materials to develop technology?
Processed MaterialsRaw materials that have been
changed into a more useful form
Why do we need materials to develop technology?
Manufactured MaterialsWhen natural resources are altered by processes that do
more than merely change their size or shape
Why do we need materials to develop technology?
Synthetic MaterialsCreated artificially, “man made”
Why must we use energy to create technology?
Energy is the source of power that runs all of our technological systems
Many different sources of energy•Natural or synthetic•Limited or unlimited
Section 2BTechnology Systems
What are systems and subsystems?
A system is made of parts that work together in an organized way to complete a task•The larger the system the harder it is to control
A subsystem is a smaller system that exists within the larger system
Why do people diagram their plans?
A way of communicating ideas Diagramming shows how one
part relates to other parts
What is an open-loop system?
It has no way of measuring or controlling its output/end product
INPUT
PROCESS OUTPUT
People, Information,
Tools/Machines, Materials, Energy,
Time, Capital
What is a closed-loop system?
Feedback measures and controls the output/end product of the system
INPUT
PROCESS OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
People, Information,
Tools/Machines, Materials, Energy,
Time, Capital
COMPAREAND
ADJUST
Section 2CDeveloping a System or
Product
When you purchase a product, what are your primary
concerns? Would you be interested in
buying this product?•MUSTARD FLAVORED CANDY•Only $75.00 for a 1 oz. bag
When you purchase a product, what are your primary
concerns? Is it safe? Attractive? Useful? Reliable? Reasonably priced?
What are criteria and constraints?
Criteria are requirements or specifications•New World Trade Center has to
memorialize those who died, accommodate a wide range of users, fit into Manhattan’s skyline
Constraints are limits•Site of new World Trade Center is
16 acres
Why should price be only one of the many considerations when designing
a product? One goal is to create the best
system, product, or process•This is optimization•Make most of positive features•Reduce any negative features
Compromises are necessary to build the best product •These are Trade-offs
How do modern control systems help you maintain
performance? Systems require maintenance to
keep them working Many products have built in control
elements that keep watch over them and report any problems• Prompt maintenance then prevents
system failures Some products are not worth
maintaining• “throw-away society”
Should we develop a new technology if it could possibly have negative effects?
Unexpected effects of technology can be positive or negative•Internal combustion engine•Cellular phones•Video game systems•Plastic – water bottles
How does technology improve your life?
Invention is a new product•Something different
Innovation is a change made to an existing product•Something already used but better than before
Concepts of Technology – Review
• Seven technology resources• New ideas and inventions• Six simple machines• Systems and subsystems• Open- and closed-loop systems• Systems play a part in technology• Development of products and systems• Criteria and constraints, optimization, and
maintenance and control• Tradeoffs• Positive and negative effects
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