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Chapter 2
Motion in One Dimension1. Speed2. Displacement3. Average and Instantaneous velocity4. Acceleration5. Motion Diagrams6. 1D motion with constant acceleration7. Law of falling body
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Dynamics What is Dynamics? What is Kinematics?
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Objects in Motion How does one describe motion?
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Position and Displacement Position
Definition Representation Units
Displacement Definition Representation Units
Difference between displacement and distance
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Vector and Scalar Quantities What are vectors? Why do I need them? How do I represent them
During problem solving on paper On Diagrams
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Speed and Velocity Average Speed
Definition Calculation Units
Average Velocity Definition Calculation Units
Difference between speed and velocity
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Finding Average Velocity on graphs
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Instantaneous and Uniform Velocity Definition What is it? How do I
calculate it from graph?
What is uniform velocity?
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Example A toy train moves
slowly along a straight portion of track according to the graph of position versus time shown. Find a) the average velocity of the total trip, b) the average velocity during the first 4.0s of motion, c) the instantaneous velocity at t=9.0s
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Acceleration Definition Representation Units Average acceleration Instantaneous acceleration Uniform acceleration Graphical interpretation
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Graphical Interpretation
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ExampleA baseball player
moves in a straight-line path in order to catch a fly ball hit to the out field. His velocity as a function of time is shown. Find his instantaneous acceleration at points A, B and C.
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Relationship Between Acceleration and Velocity
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Kinematic Equations Used in situations with uniform
acceleration
2
2 2
1212
2
o
o
o
o
v v at
x vt v v t
x v t at
v v a x
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Example
A bus moving at a speed of 40 m/s begins to slow at a rate of 3 m/s each second. Find how far it goes before stopping?
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Example
An object starts from rest with constant acceleration of 10 m/s2 along a straight line. Find a) the speed at the end of 5 seconds, b) the average speed at the 5 second interval, c) the distance traveled in 5 seconds.
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Graphical Interpretation of the Equation
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Galileo Galilee 1564 - 1642 Galileo formulated
the laws that govern the motion of objects in free fall
Also looked at: Inclined planes Relative motion Thermometers Pendulum
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Free Fall What is the Law of falling body? Galileo's hypothesis Representation Value of g for earth
Estimated value Approximate value Direction of Why g is not a universal constant?
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Free Fall – Cases
vo= 0
a = g=-9.8 m/s2
Dropped Thrown downThrown Up
vo≠ 0 & -ve
a = g=-9.8 m/s2
vo≠ 0 & +ve
a = g=-9.8 m/s2
everywhere
v = 0
Symmetric or non-symmetric
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Example
A ball is dropped from rest at a height of 50 m above the ground, a) what is the speed just before it hits the ground? b) how long does it take to reach the ground? Ignore air friction
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Example
Two rocks are thrown vertically up with a velocity of V and 4V. The ratio of the maximum heights reached (ha/hb) by the rocks is…
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Example
Jack and Jill walk down the hill to fetch a pail of water. Jack’s walking path is described by the equation y=0.1x+5 and Jill’s walking path is described by the equation y=0.2x+1. If the source of water is 13 meters away, who reached the river first.