Transcript
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    Q1. Formation of endothelial gaps in venules is elicited by all of the following except?

    A. HistamineB. BradykininC. Leukotrines

    D. Nitric oxideE. Neuropeptide substance

    Q2. TNF and IL-1 induce endothelial expression of the following molecules?

    A. E-SelectinsB. P-SelectinsC. ICAM -1D. VCAM -1E. Integrins

    a. 1,2,3b. 1,4,5c. 2,4,5d. 1,3,4e. 2,3,4

    Q3. Extravasted leukocytes are able to bind to ECM by virtue of?

    A. 1 integrinsB. 2 integrinsC. CD44

    D. CD31E. A and C

    Q4. In leukocytes adhesion deficiency type 2 the leukocytes are unable to bind to?

    A. ICAM-1B. VCAM-1C. E-selectinD. P-selectinE. Both C and D

    Q5. The surface proteins that mediate homing of lymphocytes in lymph node andperipheral site of inflammation are respectively?

    A. L-selectin and VLA-4B. L-selectin and MAC-1C. E-selectin and VLA-4D. P-selectin and LFA-1E. L-selectin and LFA-1

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    Q6. The sequence of events during leukocyte adhesion cascade is?

    1. Rolling

    2. Activation3. Tethering4. Migration5. Firm adhesion

    A. 1,2,3,4,5B. 2,3,1,5,4C. 3,1,2,4,5D. 2,1,3,4,5E. 3,2,1,4,5

    Q7. Which of the following is not a hallmark of acute inflammation?

    A. PainB. HeatC. SwellingD. NecrosisE. Loss of function

    Q8. The changes in vascular flow and caliber during acute inflammation occur in whatorder?

    1. Blood stasis2. Vasodilation3. Exudation of plasma proteins4. Transient arteriolar vasoconstriction5. Increased microvascular permeability

    A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5B. 2, 1, 4, 5, 3C. 2, 4, 5, 3, 1D. 4, 2, 5, 3, 1E. 4, 2, 1, 5, 3

    Q9. The net accumulation of fluid (edema) in tissues due to inflammation is caused bywhich of the following mechanisms?

    1) Increased oncotic pressure gradient between the tissues and the plasma2) Decreased oncotic pressure gradient between the tissues and the plasma3) Increased leakage of plasma water due to increased vascular permeability4) Increased hydrostatic pressure gradient between the vasculature and the tissues

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    5) Decreased hydrostatic pressure gradient between the tissues and the vasculature

    A. 1, 3, 5B. 1, 4C. 2, 3, 4

    D. 2, 5E. 2, 4

    Q10. Active hyperemia occurs as a result of the action of all of the following chemicalmediators except:

    A. BradykininB. Nitric oxideC. ProstaglandinsD. Leukotriene B4E. A and D

    Q11. Which of the following is not a chemotactic mediator?

    A. C3aB. C5aC. PeptidoglycanD. Leukotriene B4E. Lipopolysaccharide

    Q12. Increased blood flow to a tissue in inflammation is due to which of the following?

    A. Opening of new capillary bedsB. Mast cell degranulationC. Production of NOD. Arteriolar dilationE. all of the above

    Q13. Which of the following substances acts on venules 20-60 um in diameter to producelarger intercellular gaps?

    A. HistamineB. BradykininC. Substance PD. LeukotrienesE. All of the above

    Q14. Which of the following is found pre-made in granules in platelets and endothelialcells?

    A. P-selectin

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    B. E-selectinC. L-selectinD. D-selectinE. all of the above

    Q15. TNF and IL-1 can induce expression of ligands for integrins such as?

    A. ICAMB. VCAMC. E-selectinD. P-selectinE. a and b

    Q16. Which of the following is a cause of increased vascular permeability during acuteinflammation?

    A. Leukocyte-dependant endothelial cell injuryB. Increased endothelial cell transcytosisC. Opening of endothelial gapsD. Direct endothelial cell injuryE. All of the above

    Q17. The order of leukocyte extravasation is

    1. Rolling2. Adhesion3. Tethering4. Diapedesis5. Margination

    A. 2,3,1,4,5B. 3,5,1,2,4C. 3,2,1,4,5D. 5,1,3,2,4E. 5,3,1,2,4

    Q18. Which of the following does not play a role in leukocyte adhesion?

    A. SelectinsB. IntegrinsC. EndothelinsD. ImmunoglobulinsE. Mucin-like glycoproteins

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    Q19. Cardinal signs of inflammation include:

    1. Rubor (Redness)2. Calor (Heat)

    3. Odor (Smell)4. Tumor (Swelling)5. Dolor (Pain)

    A. 1, 2, 3, 4B. 1, 2, 4, 5C. 1, 2, 3, 5D. 2, 3, 4, 5E. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

    Q20. Formation of endothelial gaps during an acute inflammatory response occurs

    primarily in:

    A. arteriolesB. capillariesC. venulesD. lymphaticsE. both c & d

    Q21. In the leukocyte adhesion cascade, tethering and rolling of leukocytes is largelymediated by:

    A. L- and P-selectinsB. E-selectin and 2 integrinsC. 2 integrins and ICAM-1D. E-selectin and ICAM-2E. PECAM-1 and JAM

    Q22. Cattle, dogs, and humans with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type I lackfunctional expression of:

    A. E-selectinB. 2 integrinsC. ICAM-1D. P-adherinE. sialyl-Lewis X

    Q23. All of the following proteins can acts opsonins except?

    F. FibronectinG. Fibrinogen

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    H. Phospholipase CI. C-reactive proteinJ. Mannose binding protein

    Q24. The most efficient bactericidal system in neutrophils involves?

    A. Bactericidal permeability increasing proteinB. H2O2-MPO-halide systemC. Major basic proteinD. NADPH oxidaseE. Defensins

    Q25. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of Chediak-Higashi syndrome?

    A. neutropeniaB. platelet abnormalities

    C. delayed microbial killingD. giant granules in leukocytesE. defective neutrophil chemotaxis

    Q26. All of the following are present in azurophil granules of neutrophils except?

    A. ElastaseB. DefensinsC. LysozymeD. LactoferrinsE. Myeloperoxidase

    Q27. All of the following are functions of substance P except?

    A. VasodilationB. VasoconstrictionC. BronchoconstrictionD. Increased vascular permabilityE. Leukocyte activation and chemotaxis

    Q28. Which of the following is not an actin-regulating protein?

    A. ProfilinB. FilaminC. GelsolinD. ParafilinE. Calmodulin

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    Q29. All of the following takes part in the activation of leukocytes except?

    A. Antigen-antibody complexesB. Cytokines and chemokinesC. Products of necrotic cells

    D. Apoptotic cellsE. Microbes

    Q30. Majority of the microbial killing of bacteria by phagocytes takes place by?

    A. Altering pH in a phagolysosomeB. Pore forming proteinsC. Enzymatic digestionD. Oxidative burstE. All the above

    Q31. A mouse with NADPH oxidase defect in neutrophils will have

    1. Inability to generate Superoxides2. Inability to fight microbial infection3. Inability to generate arachidonic acid metabolites4. Inability of cellular receptors to bind to opsonized particles5. Inability to halogenate oxygen free radicals in the phagolysosome

    A. 1&2B. 1&3C. 1&5D. 2&3E. 2&5

    Q32. Which of the following does NOT result in leukocyte activation?

    A. Binding of CD14 molecules on the cell surfaceB. Binding of CD34 molecules on the cell surfaceC. Binding of toll-like receptors on the cell surfaceD. Binding of mannose receptors on the cell surfaceE. Binding of seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors on the cell surface

    Q33. Which of the following is NOT part of the reactive oxygen burst that occurs inneutrophils?

    A. NADPH oxidaseB. MyeloperoxidaseC. Superoxide anionD. Hydrogen peroxideE. Superoxide dismutase

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    Q34. Which of the following are endogenous chemoattractants

    A. ChemokinesB. Complement components

    C. N-formyl-methionine terminal amino acidD. A & BE. All of the above

    Q35. Which inflammatory mediator can be produced by platelets

    A. CytokinesB. Nitric oxideC. LeukotrienesD. ProstaglandinsE. Platelet-activating factors

    Q36. Eosinophils are not associated with which of the following

    A. Mast cell tumorsB. Collagen degredationC. Histamine productionD. Parasitic inflammationE. Elaboration of cytokines

    Q37. Leukocyte activation occurs by

    A. Recognition of N-formylmethionyl by seven-transmembrane G-protein receptorsB. Binding of mannose to opsonin receptorsC. Activation of phospholipase A2D. Activaion of Toll-like receptorsE. All of the above

    Q38. Which two receptors typically initiate phagocytosis of microbes and dead cells?

    1. Toll-like receptors2. Mannose receptors3. Scavenger receptors4. Opsonin receptors5. Seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors

    A. 1 & 2B. 1 & 5C. 2 & 3D. 2 & 5E. 3 & 4

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    Q39. Polymerization of actin is an important step in leukocyte...

    A. chemotaxisB. activation

    C. phagocytosisD. a & bE. a & c

    Q40. Preformed chemical mediators of inflammation include

    1. Histamine2. Prostaglandins3. Leukotrienes4. Serotonin5. Lysosomal enzymes

    A. 1, 2, 3B. 1, 4, 5C. 2, 3, 4D. 2, 4, 5E. 3, 4, 5

    Q41. The most efficient bactericidal system in neutrophils is...

    A. lysozymeB. NADPH oxidaseC. major basic proteinD. H2O2-MPO-halideE. bactericidal permeability increasing enzyme

    Q42. Following are the endogenous chemoattractants EXCEPT

    A. C5aB. GCRsC. IL8D. LTB4E. a & c

    Q43. Toll- like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in cellular response to thefollowing components of bacterial cell EXCEPT

    A. LPSB. RNAC. EndotoxinD. ProteoglycansE. Unmethylated CpG nucleotides

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    Q44. The process of phagocytosis is dependent on polymerization of

    A. myosin filamentsB. actin filaments

    C. independent processD. both a and bE. none of above

    Q45. What enzyme is present in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils

    A. MPOB. CatalaseC. ElastaseD. LysozymesE. Major basic protein

    Q46. What is the common cell precursor for mast cell and basophils that originates anddifferentiates in bone marrow?

    A. CD4B. CD34+C. IL-5D. IL-3E. All of the above

    Q47. What is the normal distribution of mast cells in the connective tissue?

    A. blood vessels of skinB. lymphatics of skinC. lymphatics of mucous membraneD. blood vessels of mucous membraneE. all of the above

    Q48. What is the typical location of the mast cells in the mucous membrane?

    A. Respiratory epitheliumB. Intestinal epitheliumC. Cutaneous epitheliumD. a and bE. b and c

    Q49. Which two proteolytic enzymes released by mast cells are responsible for theremodeling of the extracellular matrix?

    A. Tryptase

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    B. ChymaseC. ElastaseD. a and bE. b and c

    Q50. The eosinophilic granules of horse eosinophils are rich in which of the followingamino acidA. GlycineB. AlanineC. ArginineD. TryptophanE. Ornithine

    Q51. All of the following can inhibit complement activation system EXCEPT?

    A. Decay accelerating factor

    B. C1 inhibitorC. Factor 1D. PlasminE. CD59

    Q52. Which of the following facilitates activation of Hageman factor?

    1. Collegen and basement membrane2. Activated platelets3. HMWK 4. Kallikrein5. Plasmin

    A. 1,2B. 1,2,3C. 3,4,5D. 1,2,3,4E. 1,2,3,4,5

    Q53. Activation of protease activation receptors-1 by thrombin can induce acuteinflammation by?

    1. Mobilization of P-selectin2. Induction of cyclooxygenase3. Production of prostaglandins4. Production of PAF and NO5. expression of endothelial adhesion molecules

    A. 1,2,3B. 1,3,5C. 2,3,4,5

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    D. 1,2,4,5E. 1,2,3,4,5

    Q54. Which of the following is the most essential link between coagulation system andinflammation?

    A. Factor IB. Factor IIC. Factor XID. Factor XIaE. Factor II

    Q55. Which of the following about kallikrein is incorrect?

    A. Is converted to active form by factor XIIaB. Converts plasminogen to plasminC. Is inactivated by kininase

    D. Produces bradykininE. Converts C5 to C5a

    Q56. Which of the following about factor XIIa is incorrect?

    A. Is inactivated by plasminB. Initiates the clotting cascadeC. Converts prekallikrein to kallikreinD. Can be produced by kallikrein by feedbackE. Cleaved from factor XII by collagen and basement membranes

    Q57. Which complement protein is not part of early complement activationA. Activated C1B. C2C. C3bD. C4bE. C5

    Q58. Which of the following are known as C5 convertase?1) C2bBc3b2) C3bBb3b3) C3bBb5a4) C4b2b3b5) C4b2bBb

    A. 1 and 2B. 2 and 3C. 2 and 4D. 3 and 4E. 4 and 5

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    Q59. Which of the following is NOT a function of C5a?A. Causes vasodilationB. Acts as an opsoninC. Chemotactic for neutrophilsD. Causes increased vascular permeability

    E. Activates the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism inneutrophils and monocytes

    Q60. Anaphylatoxins C5a and C3a affect vascular permeability by which of thefollowing mechanisms?

    A. direct endothelial injuryB. stimulate histamine release from mast cellsC. activating the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolismD. a,b,cE. b and c

    Q61. The functions of Plasmin include which of the following?

    1. Activation of C32. Activation of C53. Dissolution of fibrin4. Activation of Hageman Factor5. formation of the membrane attack complex

    A. 1,2,3,4,5B. 1,2,3,4C. 1,2,3D. 2,3,4,5E. 2,3,4

    Q62. Activation of the intrinsic clotting pathway can lead to which of the following?

    A. Formation of vasoactive peptides like BradykininB. Chemotaxis and phagocytosis of microbesC. Endothelial and leukocyte activationD. FibrinolysisE. All of the above

    Q63. Deficiency in which of the following complement proteins will result inautoimmune diseases

    A. C2 & C3B. C2 & C4C. C3 & C4D. C2 & C5

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    E. C3 & C5

    Q64. The functions of protease kallikreins includeA. Cleaves plasma proteins to produce kininogensB. Converts plasminogen to plasmin

    C. Activates Hageman factorD. Converts C5 to C5aE. All the above

    Q65. Which of the following is a powerful chemoattractant?

    A. C3B. C5C. C3aD. C5aE. All

    Q66. The alternative pathway of complement can be triggered by all exceptA. LPSB. EndotoxinC. Cobra venomD. Mannose-binding lectinE. Complex polysaccharides

    Q67. The classical pathway C3 convertase is also known asA. C4b2bB. C4b2b3bC. C3bBbD. C3bBb3bE. C5-9

    Q68. Activated Hageman factor (factor XIIa) initiatesA. The kinin systemB. The clotting systemC. The fibrinolytic systemD. The complement systemE. All of the above

    Q69. Formation of Lipoxins A4 and B4 by 12-lipoxygenase takes place in?A. PlateletsB. MonocytesC. NeutrophilsD. Vascular endotheliumE. All of the above

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    Q70. An imbalance of the following has been implicated as an early event in thethrombosis.

    A. Thromboxane-prostaglandinsB. Prostaglandins-leukotrienes

    C. Thromboxane-prostacyclinD. Thromboxane-leukotrienesE. Prostacyclin-leukotrienes

    Q71. Products of LTA4 have all of the following functions except?

    A. VasoconstrictionB. Platelet aggregationC. Inhibit neutrophils chemotaxisD. Stimulate neutrophil chemotaxisE. Increased vascular permeability

    Q72. Which of the following class of chemokines causes chemotaxis of neutrophil?

    A. CB. CCC. CXCD. CX3CE. CX2C

    Q73. All of the followings are true regarding NO except?

    A. It is a potent vasodilatorB. Has microbicidal propertiesC. Inhibits mast cell induced inflammationD. Reduced platelet aggregation and adhesionE. Endogenous enhancer of inflammatory responses

    Q74. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 are associated with:1. Chemotaxis2. Vasodilation3. Vasoconstriction4. Leukocyte adhesion5. Increased vascular permeability

    A. 1,2,4,5B. 1,3,5C. 1,3,4,5D. 2,4,5E. 3,5

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    Q75. TNF and IL-1 do not have an effect on

    A. Acute-phase proteinsB. Endothelial cellsC. Myeloblasts

    D. LeukocytesE. Fibroblasts

    Q76. Low concentrations of PAF cause

    A. ChemotaxisB. VasoconstrictionC. Platelet aggregationD. BronchoconstrictionE. Increased vascular permeability

    Q77. Principal cytokine functions are

    A. Hematopoeitc growth factorsB. Inflammatory mediatorsC. T-cell activationD. ChemotaxisE. All of the above

    Q78. Which of the following eicosanoids does NOT act as a vasoconstrictor?A. ProstacyclinB. Leukotriene C4C. Leukotriene D4D. Leukotriene E4E. Thromboxane A2

    Q79. Which of the following mediators is a potent chemotactic agent for neutrophils?A. PGF2B. Lipoxin A4C. Leukotriene B4D. Prostaglandin D2E. Thromboxane A2

    Q80. Which of the following statements about lipoxins are incorrect?A. Causes vasoconstrictionB. Inhibit neutrophil chemotaxisC. Secreted primarily by plateletsD. Stimulate macrophage adhesion to endothelial cells in blood vesselsE. Production requires cell to cell interaction between leukocytes and platelets

    Q81. Which of the following is NOT a function of platelet activating factor (PAF)?

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    A. VasoconstrictionB. Platelet aggregationC. BronchoconstrictionD. Leukocyte chemotaxisE. Inhibition of the neutrophil oxidative burst mechanism

    Q82.Platelet lipoxins LXA4 and LXB4 are generated by the action of platelet 12-lipoxygenase on

    A. Platelet derived LTA4B. Platelet derived LTB4C. Neutrophil derived LTA4D. Neutrophil derived LTB4E. Macrophage derived LTB4

    Q83. Which of the following arachadonic acid products leads to vasoconstriction?1. Lipoxin A4

    2. Leukotriene C43. Prostaglandin E24. Thromboxane A25. Platelet activating factor

    A. 1,2,3B. 1,4,5C. 2,3,4D. 2,4,5E. 1,2,4,5

    Q84. The systemic acute phase responses associated with infection or injury are inducedby

    1. TNF2. IL-13. IL-64. IL-85. IFN-

    A. 1,2,3B. 1,3,5C. 2,3,5D. 2,4,5E. 1,2,3,4

    Q85. Functions of NO include all exceptA. VasodilationB. MicrobicidalC. Promotes platelet aggregationD. Reduces inflammatory responseE. Reduces leukocyte adhesion

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    Q86. Accumulation of macrophages at the site of inflammation is predominately due to?

    A. Immobilization of macrophages with the site of inflammationB. Proliferation of macrophages in blood circulationC. Continued recruitment from microcirculation

    D. Proliferation of macrophages after emigrationE. All of the above

    Q87. Acute phase proteins are released from liver in response to?

    A. IL-6B. IL-1C. TNFD. All of the aboveE. B and C only

    Q88. Macrophages are potently activated by which of the following?

    A. C5aB. TNFC. IL-1D. IFN-E. IL-12

    Q89. Necrotic tissue can perpetuate inflammation by which of the following ways?

    A. activation of bradykininB. activation of coagulationC. activation of complementD. liberation of uric acid from cellsE. all of the above

    Q90. Autocrine stimulation of T lymphocytes occurs through production of which of thefollowing?

    A. IL-2B. TNFC. IL-10D. IL-12E. IFN-

    Q91. The functions of acute phase proteins include all of the following except?

    A. act as opsoninsB. Fix complementC. Aid in clearing of nuclear debris

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    D. Redirect lipids to macrophages for energyE. Cause the accelerated release of leukocytes from bone marrow

    Q92. Which of the following mediators are chemotactic for monocytes?

    1) C5a2) TGF-3) Fibronectin4) Platelet-derived growth factor5) Monocyte-chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)

    A. 1, 2B. 1, 2, 5C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5D. 2, 3, 5E. 5

    Q93. One of the major eosinophil secretory substances that is toxic to parasites is?

    A. LysozymeB. Substance PC. Acid hydrolaseD. MyeloperoxidaseE. Major basic protein

    Q94. The increase in which of the following component of acute phase proteins forms thebasis for measuring the erythrocyte sedimentation rate to determine the severity ofinflammation

    A. FibrinogenB. C-reactive proteinsC. Serum amyloid A proteinD. A&BE. A&C

    Q95. Chronic inflammation is characterized by all except...A. EdemaB. FibrosisC. AngiogenesisD. Tissue destructionE. Infiltration with mononuclear cells

    Q96. Which of the following does not activate macrophages?

    A. IL-1B. IFN-

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    C. EndotoxinD. FibronectinE. Both a and d

    Q97. Increased concentrations of acute phase proteins can lead to all except...

    A. FeverB. AmyloidosisC. Increased opsonizationD. Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rateE. Both a and d

    Q98. Increased levels of IL-1 and/or TNF during an inflammatory response can lead to...A. DICB. Fever C. LeukocytosisD. Increase in some acute phase proteins

    E. All of the above (and then some)

    Q99. Chronic inflammation is characteristically caused by

    1. Pox virus2. Lupus erythematosus3. Mycoplasma infection4. Staphlococcus infection5. Prolonged exposure to silica particulates

    A. 1,2,3B. 1,2,3,4,5C. 2,3,5D. 2,3,4,5E. 3,4,5

    Q100. Macrophage accumulation in chronic inflammation occurs by

    A. Recruitment of monocytesB. Local proliferation of macrophagesC. Immobilization of macrophages at the site of inflammationD. A & BE. All of the above

    Q101. A granuloma

    1. May contain giant cells2. Contains epitheloid macrophages3. Can be foreign body type or immune type4. Is surrounded primarily by lymphocytes and plasma cells

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    5. Becomes a tubercle in the presence of central caseous necrosis

    A. 1B. 1,2C. 1,2,3

    D. 1,2,3,4E. 1,2,3,4,5

    Q102. All of the following are true regarding defensins except?

    A. Induce IL-8 synthesisB. Induce lymphocytes chemotaxisC. Stimulate mast cell degranulationD. Activate lymphocyte and macrophagesE. Opsonize and aggregate bacterial pathogens

    Q103. Which of the following molecules are not involved in the LPS activation of acuteinflammatory cytokines?

    A. NFBB. TLR4C. CD14D. MyD88E. Peptidoglycan

    Q104. Which of the following is a direct neutrophil chemotactic agent?

    A. -DefensinsB. -DefensinsC. CathelicidinsD. Surfactants A and DE. A and B

    Q105. Leukocytes produce all of the following except?

    A. -DefensinsB. -DefensinsC. CathelicidinsD. Surfactants A and DE. a,b, and c

    Q106. The direct effects of endotoxin are

    1. Secretion of TNF2. Activation of Bradykinin3. Induction of TLR4 pathway

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    4. Activation of Hageman factor 5. Activation of complement cascade

    A. 1,3,4B. 1,4,5

    C. 2,3,4D. 2,4,5E. 3,4,5

    Q107. Lethal endotoxic shock is prevented by anti-antibodies or receptor inhibitorsagainst

    A. LPSB. TNFC. IL-1D. IL-6

    E. CD14

    Q108. Inflammatory exudates with high protein concentrations (i.e.>1.020) include

    1. Serous2. Catarrhal3. Fibrinous4. Suppurative

    A. 1,2B. 2,3C. 3,4D. 2,3,4E. 1,2,3,4

    Q109. Failure of acute inflammatory response is characterized by all of the followingexcept?

    A. Extensive tissue injury and necrosisB. Connective tissue reorganization with fibrosisC. Persistence of inciting stimulus for a long period of timeD. Removal of inciting stimulus with minimal tissue damageE. Shift of inflammatory cells from neutrophils to macrophages

    Q110. The predominant cell type presenting antigen to nave CD4+ lymphocyte is?

    A. Dendritic cellsB. B-lymphocyteC. Macrophages

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    D. NeutrophilsE. Mast cells

    Q111. The commitment of Th1 pathway is induced by?

    A. IL-10B. IL-12C. IL-9D. IL-5E. IL-4

    Q112. All of the following can inhibit preTh/CD4+ cells from committing to Th1pathway except?

    A. IL-4B. IL-5C. IL-10

    D. IL-13E. IL-12

    Q113. Johnes disease in sheep can have which of the following type of inflammation?

    A. Lepromatous granulomatousB. Eosinophilic granulomatousC. Tuberculoid granulomatousD. A and C onlyE. All of the above

    Q114. The strength and balance of Th-1 and Th-2 response can be regulated by?A. MacrophagesB. Plasma cellsC. B-lymphocytesD. / T-lymphocytesE. Regulatory T- lymphocytes

    Q115. Abscess formation occurs due to

    A. Chronic inflammatory response failing to eliminate the inciting causeB. Acute inflammatory response failing to eliminate the inciting causeC. Excess recruitment of neutrophils to the site of inflammationD. Action of the bacterial endotoxinsE. All the above

    Q116. The sequence of events in TH1 immunological process

    1. IL-12 acts on CD4 cells2. Dendritic cells release IL-12

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    3. T lymphocytes produce IFN- and TNF-4. CD4 cells release IL-2 and increased T lymphocytes5. IFN- and TNF- activates macrophages (cellular response)

    A. 2,1,4,3,5

    B. 1,2,3,4,5C. 2,1,3,4,5D. 4,3,2,1,5E. 4,2,3,1,5

    Q117. The cytokine that plays an important role in fibrosis

    A. TGF- B. IL-12C. TNFD. IL-2

    E. IFN

    Q118. Maturation of monocyte to macrophages requires stimulus by which of thefollowing cytokines

    A. IFN- , TNF-B. IL-4, IL-13C. IL-12D. A & CE. All

    Q119. Which of the following is not characteristic of TH1-biased granulomas?

    A. May be mineralizedB. Formation of nodular granulomasC. Often contains central area of necrosisD. Organisms not commonly detected with acid-fast stainE. Typically seen with Johnes disease (M. avium-intracellulare)

    Q120. All of the following inhibit macrophages in chronic inflammation except

    A. Toll-like receptor bindingB. Macrophage phagocytosis of LDLsC. Macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic bodiesD. Macrophage acetylcholine receptor activationE. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation

    Q121. Which type of lymphocyte has been shown to contribute to granuloma formation?

    A. B lymphocytes

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    B. / lymphocytesC. / lymphocytesD. Natural killer cellsE. T-regulatory lymphocytes

    Q122. Which of the following is NOT a positive acute phase protein?

    A. AlbuminB. FibrinogenC. HaptoglobinD. Serum Amyloid AE. C-reactive protein

    ANSWERS:1) D (Robbins pp 50)2) D (Robbins pp 54)3) E (Robbins pp 56)4) E (Robbins pp 55-56)5) A (Robbins pp 55)6) C (PBVD pp 110-111)7) D (Robbins pp 49) heat, swelling, pain, loss of function, redness are hallmarks ofacute inflammation8) D (Robbins pp 50)9) E (Robbins pp 50) Capillaries and venules are permeable to water in the restingstate. Fluid accumulation occurs due to increased hydrostatic pressure combined withleakage of plasma proteins into tissues (increased vascular permeability) which

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    lowers the oncotic pressure gradient that normally favors fluid movement back intothe venules.10) E (PBVD p. 103) Bradykinin is involved in increasing vascular permeability andcausing pain. It does not cause vasodilation11) A (PBVD p. 105)

    12) E (Robbins pp50) In acute inflammation vasodilation is the result of arteriolardilation, opening of new capillary beds from the action of histamine and NO onsmooth muscle cells.13) E (Robbins pp50) Binding of histamine and others substances to endothelial cellsof venules activates intracellular signaling pathways that result in the phosphorylationand contraction of cytoskeletal proteins such as myosin which separates intercellularjunctions. This is short lived (15-30 minutes) and occurs rapidly. Cytokines such asIL-1, TNF and IFN- produces a similar response but is delayed (4-6 hours after) andlong lived (last 24 hours).14) A (Robbins pp54) P selectin was identified first in the secretory granules ofplatelets, and then wsa found in secretory granules of endothelial cells called Weibel-

    palade bodies.15) E (Robbins pp54). VCAM is the ligand for the VLA-4 (1) integrin and ICAM inthe ligand for LFA-1, and MAC (2 integrins).16) E (Robbins 51-52)17) E (PBVD 110-112)18) C (Robbins 54)19) B (Robbins p. 49)20) C (Robbins p. 50)21) A (PBVD p.111)22) B (PBVD p.114)

    23) C (Robbins pp 50) except phosopholipase C the rest are plasma proteins which can coatmicrobes and are recognized by phagocytes

    24) B ( Robbins pp 61-62) H2O2-MPO-Halide is the most potent bactericidal and killsbacteria by halogenation

    25) E (Robbins pp 61-62) The gene associated with this syndrome encodes a large cytosolicprotein involoved in vesicular trafficing

    26) D (PBVD pp 120) azurophils are primary granules and lactoferrin is present in specific orsecondary granules. Lactoferrin inhibits the growth of phagocytosed bacteria bysequestering free iron.

    27) C (PBVD pp 124)28) D (Robbins P-57)29) D (Robbins P-57)30) D (Robbins P-59)31) A (Robbins P-61)32) B (Robbins p. 68)33) E (Robbins p. 60)34) D (Robbins 56)35) D (Robbins 63)36) C (PBVD 120)37) E (Robbins 57-58)

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    38) C (Robbins p. 59)39) E (Robbins p. 57 and 59)40) B (Robbins p. 63)41) D (Robbins p. 61)

    42) B (Robbins pg 56)

    43) B (Robbins pBg 58)44) B (Robbins pg 59)

    45) A (Robbins pg 61)

    46) B (PBVD pg 117)

    47) E (PBVD pg 117)

    48) D (PBVD pg 117)

    49) D (PBVD pg 117)

    50) C (PBVD pg 121)

    51) D (Robbins pp 66) Plasmin activates complement activation system

    52) E (Robbins pp 65-68) all these helps in activation of Hagemen factor

    53) E (Robbins pp 67-68)All these can induce acute inflammation by activation of PAR-1

    54) E (Robbins pp 65) Thrombin is the main link between coagulation system and

    inflammation by binding to receptors called as protease activated receptors

    expressed on platelets, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.

    55) C (Robbins 65) kininase inactivates bradykinin56) A (Robbins p 68) plasmin is capable of activating factor XIIa from XII57) E (Robbins pp 66) C5 is part of the late complement activation58) C (Robbins pp 66)59) B (Robbins pp 64) C3b acts as opsonin60) E. ( p64-66 Robbins) Both C5a and C3a cause the release of histamine from mast

    cells, and C5a activates the lipoxygenase pathway (forming leukotirenes C,D,E) thatincrease vascular permeability.61) B (p 64-65 Robbins) several proteolytic enzymes in inflammatory exudate canactivate C5 and C3, including plasmin and lysosomal enzymes.62) E (p68 Robbins) Activation of Hageman factor initiates the intrinsic clottingcascade as well as activating the kinin cascade resulting in formation of Kallikrein

    (activation of C5) Bradykinin (vascular permeability and vasodilation) and plasmin(fibrinolysis and activation of C3 and C5). The clotting cascade results in theformation of thrombin which in addition to activating fibrinogen also affectsendothelial cells and leukocytes.63) B (Robbins P.64)

    64) E (Robbins-P.65)65) D (Robbins-P.65)66) D (Robbins p.64)mannose-binding-lectin is involved with the lectin pathway todirectly activate C167) A (Robbins p.66) b (classical pathway C5 convertase), c (alternative pathway C3convertase), d (alternative pathway C5 convertase), e (membrane attack complex)68) E (Robbins p.68) all systems are initiated by factory XIIa

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    69) A (Robbins pp 70) activated neutrophils generates LTB4 from AA by the actionof 5-lipoxygenase. LTB4 translocates to platelets which has 12-lipoxygenase toconvert LTB4 to Lipoxins70) C (Robbins pp 68)71) B. (Robbins pp 69) vasoconstriction and increased vascular permeability (LTC-

    E4) stimulate neutrophil chemotaxis (LTB4), Inhibit neutrophils chemotaxis(Lipoxins)72) C (Robbins pp 71-72) C attracts lymphocytes, CC attracts monocytes, basophils,eosinophils and lymphocytes but not neutrophils, CX3C attracts T-cell andmonocytes73) E (Robbins pp 72-73) Nitric oxide reduces inflammatory responses74) E(Robbins 69)75) C (Robbins 71)76) E (PBVD 129) (low levels of PAF cause vasodilation and increased permeability)77)E78) A (Robbins p. 69) prostacyclin is produced by vascular endothelium and causes

    vasodilation79) C (Robbins p. 69)80) A (PBVD p. 128) Lipoxin A4 causes vasodilation and dampens leukotriene-induced vasoconstriction81) E (PBVD p. 128) PAF enhances the neutrophil oxidative burst mechanism82) C (Robbins p.69)83) D (Robbins p. 69) Vasoconstrictors= TXA2, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, and PAF

    Vasodilators= PGI2, PGE1, PGE2 PGD2, LXA4, LXB4

    84) A (Robbins p.71)85) C (Robbins p.72) reduces platelet aggregation86) C (Robbins pp 80)87) D (Robbins pp 84) C-reactive protein and fibrinogen are stimulated by IL-6. SAAis stimulated mainly by IL-1 and TNF88) D (p80-81 Robbins). C5a is chemotactic, TNF and IL-1 are major products ofactivated macrophages. IL-12 is produced by activated macrophages and activate TLymphocytes.89) E (p81 Robbins). Necrotic tissue exposes basement membrane and collagenwhich activates Hageman factor and leads to activation of Bradykinin, and thecoagulation cascade, which leads to thrombin and plasmin. Plasmin activates C3 andHF, and Thrombin activates endothelium. Uric acid is chemotactic to leukocyteswhich can further damage tissue and lead to more inflammation.90) A (p 83 Robbins). IL-2 is produced by activated T lymphocytes which furtherstimulates itself and other T lymphocytes91) E (p 84 Robbins). Acute phase proteins bind chromatin helping to clear it away,and replace apolipoprotein which may re-direct the targeting of high densitylipoproteins from liver cells to macrophages. IL-1 and TNF cause the acceleratedrelease of cells from BM.92) C. (Robbins pp 80)93) E. (Robbins pp 82)

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    94) A (Robbins pp.84) Fibrinogen increases in response to an infection will facilitaterouleaux formation and early sedimentation rate95) A (Robbins p.79)96) A (Robbins p.80) IL-1 is produced by macrophages97) E (Robbins p.84) Fever is produced in response to exogenous (LPS) or

    endogenous (IL-1 and TNF) pyogens that act by stimulating prostaglandin synthesisin the hypothalamus98) E (Robbins p.84)99) C (Robbins 79)

    100) E (Robbins 80)101) E (Robbins 83)102) C (PBVD pp 137)103) E (p 136 fig 3-18 PBVD). LPS bound to LPSbp attach to TLR4 and with the help

    of CD14 and MD-2 and can involve MyD88 leading to NFB activation.104) B (p137 table 3-11 PBVD). -Defensin can induce IL-8 production and indirectly

    attract neutrophils

    105) D (p 137 table 3-11 PBVD). Surfactant proteins are produced by epithelial cells.Mannose binding proteins are produced by the liver and are found in serum. Theirfunction is to opsonize pathogens and macrophage activation

    106) E (PBVD pp 139)107) B (PBVD p.139)108) C (PBVD p. 140-142)109) D (PBVD pp 155-156)110) A (PBVD pp 155-157) macrophages are the predominant cell type presenting

    antigen to memory CD4+ lymphocytes111) B (PBVD pp 157)112) E (PBVD pp 158) IL-12 induce commitment to Th1 pathway the rest inhibit it.113) D Johnes diseae in sheep have both paucibacillary form (tuberculoid form) with

    few bacteria and multibacillary form (lepromatous) form with abundant macrophagescontaining Mycobacterium.

    114) E115) B (P.156)116) A (P.157)117) A (P. 156 &160)118) E (P.167) A, C-Classic activation (TH1 response), B-Alternate activation (TH2 response)119) E (PBVD p. 160)

    120) A (PBVD p. 162)121) B (PBVD p. 172)122) A (PBVD pp 137) albumin is a negative APP

    Robbins chapter 2BGC

    1. Acute inflammation is characterized by which of the following:1. Short duration2. Fluid exudation

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    3. Protein leakage4. emigration of tneutrophils5. Proliferation of blood vessels

    A. 1,2,3,4,5

    B. 1.2.3.4C. 1,2,3D. 2,4,5E. 3,4,5

    Answer: B p49

    2. Chronic Inflammation is characterized by which of the following?

    1. necrosis2. Tissue fibrosis

    3. Blood vessels proliferation4. The presence of lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils

    A. 1.2,3,4B. 1,2,3C. 2,3,4D. 2,3E. 2

    Answer: B p49 yes in chronic active inflammation there will be neutrophils

    3. Vascular leakage by endothelial gaps in venules is mediated by which of thefollowing?

    A. Substance PB. BradykininC. IL-1D. IFN-E. All of the Above

    Answer: E pp50-51

    4. Delayed prolonged leakage of venules and capillaries can be caused by which of thefollowing?

    1. Mechanical trauma2. Bacterial toxins3. Thermal injury4. UV radiation5. X-ray.

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    A. 1,2,3,4,5B. 2,3,4,5C. 3,4,5D. 4,5E. 5

    Answer: B p52

    5. Which of the following growth factors and cytokines causes increased transcytosisthrough vesicular vacuolar organelles in vascular endothelium?

    A. FGFB. IL-1C. VEGFD. TNF-alphaE. IFN-gamma

    Answer: C p52

    6. Leukocyte adhesion molecule Sialyl-lewis X binds to which of the followingendothelial molecules?

    1. P-selectin2. E-selectin3. CD62E4. ELAM-15. CD62P

    A. 1,2B. 1,2,3,4,5C. 3,4,5D. 3,4E. 4,5

    Answer: B p55. CD62E is E selectin, Cd62P is P selectin, and ELAM 1 is one of themalso- they are all synonyms

    7. Weibel-Palade bodies are?A. Found in platelets and contain P-selectinB. Found in endothelial cells and contain E-selectinC. Found in endothelial cells and contain P-selectinD. Found in leukocytes and contain various cytokinesE. None of the above

    Answer: C p54 Platelets contain P selectin in alpha granules.

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    8. Firm adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium are the result of which of the following?1. TNF and IL-1 induced expression of integrins VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on endothelialcells2. Chemokine induced expression of high affinity integrins in leukocytes3. Chemokine induced expression of VLA-4 and LFA-1 in leukocytes

    4. Chemokine induced expression of CD26L in lymphocytes5. Chemokine induced expression of P-selectins

    A. 1,2,3,4,5B. 1,2,3C. 2,3,4,5D. 2,3E. 3,4,5

    Answer: B p54

    9. Functions of the compliment system include which of the following:

    1. chemotaxis2. opsonization3. lysis of microbes4. activation of leukocytes5. increased vascular permeability

    A. 1,2,3B. 1,2,3,5C. 1,2,3,4,5D. 2,3,5E. 3,4,5

    Answer: C p64

    10. Which of the following statements about Hageman factor is false?

    A. It begins the fibrinolytic system by activating kallikreinB. It is activated by contact with collagen, and platelets.C. It initiates the extrinsic coagulation pathwayD. It converts prekallikrein to kallikreinE. It converts factor XI to factor Xia

    Answer: C p67

    11. The clotting system intersects with the inflammatory cascade in all of the followingways except:

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    A. Thrombin causes mobilization of P-selectin and production of chemokinesB. It causes induction of COX-2 and production of prostoglandinsC. Activated Hageman factor initiates the kinin systemD. Thrombin binds to protease-activated receptorsE. Thrombin converts C3 to C3a

    Answer: E pp66-68

    12. Arachidonic acid metabololites responsible for vasoconstriction include all of thefollowing except?A. Thromboxane A2B. LTC4C. LTD4D. LTB4E. None of the above

    Answer: D p69

    13. Eicosnaoids that cause increased vascular permeanility include all of the followingexcept:A. LTB4B. LTC4C. LTD4D. LTE4E. None of the above

    Answer: A p69 table 2A

    14. All of the following statements about Lipoxins are true EXCEPT:A. Lipoxins are generated by platelets from LeukotrienesB. Contact between neutrophils and platelets are involvedC. 12-lipoxygenase converts LTA4 to lipoxinD. Lipoxins inhibit leukocyte recruitmentE. None of the above

    Answer: E p70

    15. Which of the following cells do NOT produce PAF?A. BasophilsB. NeutrophilsC. LymphocytesD. MacrophagesE. Endothelial cells

    Answer: C p70

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    16. Which of the following are not functions of PAF?A. VasoconstrictionB. BronchoconstrictionC. Increased venular permeabilityD. Vasodilation

    E. None of the above

    Answer: E. p70 At very low concentrations it causes vasodilation and increased venularpermeability

    17. Which of the following are NOT functions of PAF?A. Increased leukocyte adhesion to endotheliumB. Oxidative burstC. DegranulationD. ChemotaxisE. None of the above

    Answer: E p70

    18. Endothelial activation by TNF and IL-1 cause which of the following effects?A. induce endothelial adhesion moleculesB. Increasing the surface thrombogenicity of endotheliumC. Production of enzymes associated with remodelingD. Induction of NO and eicosanoidsE. All of the above

    Answer: E. p71

    19. The acute phase response produced by IL-1, TNF and IL-6 include which of thefollowing:A. FeverB. Loss of eappetiteC. Release of neutrophilsD. Corticotropin and Corticosteroid releaseE. All of the above

    20. C-X-C chemokines act primarily on which type of cellA. LymphocytesB. NeutrophilsC. EosinophilsD. MonocytesE. All of the above

    Answer: B Il-8 is secreted by activated macrophages and endothelial cells and causesactivation and chemotaxis of neutrophils with limited activity on monocytes andeosinophils

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    21. C-C chemokines include all of the following except?A. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alphaB. Monocyte chemoattractant proteinC. Fractalkine

    D. RANTESE. Eotaxin

    Answer C: p 72 Fractalkine is a CX,C chemokine. It exists in a surface bound form andpromotes strong adhesion between monocytes and endothelium, and a soluble form thathas potent chemoattractant activity.

    22. All of the following is true of eNOS except?A. NO is synthesized by L-arginine by eNOSB. eNOS is constitutively expressedC. Can be activated rapidly by increased intracellular calcium

    D. eNOS is induced when macrophages are activated by TNF and IFN-gammaE. None of the above

    Answer: D p72, iNOS is inducible by TNF and IFN-y

    23. All of the following are true about the functions of NO except?

    A. Reduces platelet aggregation and adhesionB.Overproduction of NO occurs in diabetesC. Reduces leukocyte rolling and adhesionD. Inhibits mast cell induced inflammationE. No is microbicidal

    Answer: B. p73

    24. Neutrophils contain both specific granules and azurophil granules. Which of them ispotentially more destructive if released extacellularly?

    Answer: Azurophil granules p73. S[ecific granules are secreted extracellularly morereadily and by lower concentrations of agonists

    25. Which of the following are serum antiproteases that limit neutrophil destructivity?

    1. alpha-2 macroglobulin2. alpha-1 antielastase3. alpha-1 antitrypsin4. Myeloperoxidase

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    A. 1,2B. 1,3C. 2,3D. 2,4E. None of the above

    Answer: B p73

    26. Effects of oxygen derived free radicals include:1. Combining with NO to form reactive nitrogen intermediates2. Inactivation if alpha-1 antitrypsin3. Increase expression if IL-84. Endothelial cell damage5. vasoconstriction

    A. 1,2,3,4,5

    B. 1,2,3,4C. 2,3,4,5D. 2,3,4E. 3,4

    Answer: B 73-74

    27. Which of the following can induce a chronic inflammatory response?1. Treponema pallidum2. Autoimmune disease3. Particulate silica4. Septicemia5. Fungi

    A. 1,2,3,4,5B. 1,2,3,5C. 1,3,5D. 2,3,5E. 3,4,5

    Answer: B p79

    28. Which of the following are chemotactic for monocytes?1. fibronectin2. TGF-alpha3. MCP-14. PDGF5. C5a6. C3a

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    A. 1,2,3,4,5,6B. 1,2,3,4,5C. 1,2,3D. 2,3,4,5E. 2,3,4,5,6

    Answer: B p80

    29. In severe bacterial sepsis, the combination of which two substances cause DIC byinducing tissue factor?A. LPS and IL-1B. LPS and TNFC. LPS and C3bD. TNF and IL-1E. None of the above

    Answer B p85

    30. . In severe bacterial sepsis, the combination of which two substances cause DIC byinhibitng Tissue factor pathway inhibitor and endothelial cell thrombomodulin?A. LPS and IL-1B. LPS and TNFC. LPS and C3bD. TNF and IL-1E. None of the above

    Answer B p85

    31. Which of the following are involved in septic shock?1. DIC2. Hypoglycemia3. Hemodynamic shock4. Overproduction of NO5. Adult respiratory distress syndrome

    A. 1,2,3,4,5B. 1,2,3,4C. 1,3,4D. 1,2,4,5E. 2,3,4

    Answer: B p85

    Robbins Ch 2

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    137) Which of the following are preformed chemical mediators of inflammation?

    1. serotonin2. histamine3. leukotrienes

    4. prostaglandins5. lysosomal enzymes

    A. 1,2,3B. 1,2,4C. 1,2,5D. 1,2,3,4E. 1,2,3,4,5

    138) Which of the following can be directly triggered by plasmin?

    1. lysis of fibrin clots2. C3 fragment production3. activation of fibrinolytic system4. activation of complement cascade5. activation of Hageman factor (Factor XII)

    A. 1,2,3B. 1,2,5C. 1,2,3,4D. 1,2,3,5E. 1,2,3,4,5

    139) Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 can result in dysfunction of

    A) CD11a/CD18B) CD11b/CD18C) CD11c/CD18D) A and BE) All

    140) Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2 is a result of

    A) Defect in fucosyl transferaseB) Absence of P-selectinC) Absence of L-selectinD) Absence of E-selectinE) All the above

    141) Which of the following are characteristics of an exudate?a. Low protein content

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    b. High protein contentc. Specific gravity of less than 1.012d. Cellular debrise. Specific gravity of over 1.020

    a. A, C

    b. B, Ec. B, D, Ed. B, De. D only

    142) Which is a mediator involved in the formation of endothelial gaps in acuteinflammation?

    f. Histamineg. Leukotrienesh. Bradykinini. Neuropeptide substance Pj. All of the above

    143) A molecule that plays a key role in leukocyte rolling is?k. E-selectinl. ICAM-1m. PECAM-1n. All of the aboveo. None of the above

    144) The following are the ligands for the G-protein coupled receptors

    1) Complement breakdown products2) N-formyl methionyl peptides3) Lipopolysaccharide4) Lipid mediators5) Chemokines

    A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5B) 1, 2, 4, 5C) 2, 4, 5D) 1, 2, 4E) 5

    145) Mannose receptors on macrophages recognize these terminal residues onglycoproteins and glycolipids of bacteria

    1) Fucose2) Mannose3) Sialic acid4) N-acetyl-galactosamine

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    A) 1, 2, 3, 4B) 1, 2, 3C) 1, 2D) 2, 3E) 2

    146) Major opsonins include

    1) C3b2) C5a3) IgG4) IgA5) Mannose binding lectin

    A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5B) 1, 2, 3, 4

    C) 1, 2, 3D) 1, 3, 5E) 2, 3, 5

    147) The most efficient bactericidal system in neutrophils involvesA) Bactericidal permeability increasing proteinB) H2O2-MPO-halide systemC) Major basic proteinD) NADPH oxidaseE) Defensins

    148) The basic defect in Chediak-Higashi syndrome is

    A) NADPH oxidaseB) Fucosyl transferaseC) MPO-H2O2 systemD) Decreased oxidative burstE) Defective protein involved in organelle membrane docking and fusion

    149) The following chemical mediators of inflammation are present/produced in platelets

    1) Histamine2) Seratonin3) Prostaglandins4) Platelet activating factor

    A) 1, 2, 3, 4B) 1, 2, 3C) 1, 2, 4D) 1, 2

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    E) 1

    150) The following are chemotactic for eosinophils

    1) Histamine

    2) RANTES3) Eotaxin4) C5a5) IL5

    A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5B) 1, 2, 3, 5C) 3, 5D) 3E) 5

    151) Chemicals/molecules considered endogenous chemoattractants include which of thefollowing?a. Components of the complement systemb. Products of the lipoxygenase pathwayc. Cytokinesd. All of the abovee. None of the above

    152) Microbial killing by oxygen dependent mechanisms to produce reactive oxygenintermediates is initiated by what enzyme?

    f. Superoxide dismutaseg. Myeloperoxidaseh. NADPH oxidasei. Catalasej. None of the above

    153) Which of the following is not an oxygen independent mechanism of microbialkilling?

    k. Hypochloritel. Defensinsm. Major basic proteinn. Lysozymeo. Lactoferrin

    154) All of the following are present in eosinophil large specific granules except?p. Major basic proteinq. Collagenaser. Eosinophilic cationic proteins. Eosinophil peroxidaset. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin

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    155) Primary granules of neutrophils contain which of the following?u. Myeloperoxidasev. Defensinsw. Elastasex. Lysozyme

    y. All of the above

    156) Morphologic characteristics of Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion deficiency include:1. oral ulcers2. Intestinal mucosal ulcers3. thickened intestinal serosa4. Lack of neutrophils in spleen5. Lack of leukocytes in peyers patches

    A. 1,2,3,4,5B. 1,3,4

    C. 1,2,3D. 2,3E. 4,5

    157) Use of a leukocyte migration inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for Mannheimiapneumonia makes sense becauseA. Alveolar migration of leukocytes via selectin is inhibitedB. Bronchiolar migration of leukocytes via Beta-2 integrins is inhibitedC. such a strategy would prevent excessive leukocyte infiltration into the lungD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

    158) Which of the following statements is true regarding basophils and mast cells?1. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells produce a glycoprotein that inducesCD34+ cells to mature.2. Basophils and mast cells are derived form different stem cell lines3. They arise from a common CD34+ progenitor in bone marrow4. Basophils later differentiate into tissue mast cells5. Differentiation is dependent on stem cell factor

    A. 1,3,5B. 1,3,4C. 2,3,4D. 3,4,5E. 4,5

    159) Mast cell degranulation releases which of the following substances in rodents?A. TNF-alphaB. ProteasesC. Serotonin

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    D. tryptaseE. All of the above

    160) Acute inflammation is characterized by which of the following:1. Short duration

    2. Fluid exudation3. Protein leakage4. emigration of neutrophils5. Proliferation of blood vessels

    A. 1,2,3,4,5B. 1.2.3.4C. 1,2,3D. 2,4,5E. 3,4,5

    161) Chronic Inflammation is characterized by which of the following?1. necrosis2. Tissue fibrosis3. Blood vessels proliferation4. The presence of lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils

    A. 1.2,3,4B. 1,2,3C. 2,3,4D. 2,3E. 2

    162) Vascular leakage by endothelial gaps in venules is mediated by which of thefollowing?

    A. Substance PB. BradykininC. IL-1D. IFN-gammaE. All of the Above

    163) Delayed prolonged leakage of venules and capillaries can be caused by which of thefollowing?

    1. Mechanical trauma2. Bacterial toxins3. Thermal injury4. UV radiation5. X-ray.A. 1,2,3,4,5

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    B. 2,3,4,5C. 3,4,5D. 4,5E. 5

    164) 5. Which of the following growth factors and cytokines causes increasedtranscytosis through vesicular vacuolar organelles in vascular endothelium?

    A. FGFB. IL-1C. VEGFD. TNF-alphaE. IFN-gamma

    165) Leukocyte adhesion molecule Sialyl-lewis X binds to which of the followingendothelial molecules?

    1. P-selectin2. E-selectin3. CD62E4. ELAM-15. CD62P

    A. 1,2B. 1,2,3,4,5C. 3,4,5D. 3,4E. 4,5

    166) Weibel-Palade bodies are?A. Found in platelets and contain P-selectinB. Found in endothelial cells and contain E-selectinC. Found in endothelial cells and contain P-selectinD. Found in leukocytes and contain various cytokinesE. None of the above

    167) Firm adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium are the result of which of thefollowing?1. TNF and IL-1 induced expression of integrins VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on endothelialcells2. Chemokine induced expression of high affinity integrins in leukocytes3. Chemokine induced expression of VLA-4 and LFA-1 in leukocytes4. Chemokine induced expression of CD26L in lymphocytes5. Chemokine induced expression of P-selectins

    A. 1,2,3,4,5

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    B. 1,2,3C. 2,3,4,5D. 2,3E. 3,4,5

    168) Which of the following cells are sources of histamine? (p. 63)1) platelets2) basophils3) mast cells4) eosinophils5) endothelial cells

    A) 1, 2, 3B) 1, 3, 5C) 2, 3, 4D) 2, 3, 5

    E) 3, 4, 5

    169) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of Chediak-Higashi syndrome?(p. 61-62)

    A) neutropeniaB) platelet abnormalitiesC) delayed microbial killingD) giant granules in leukocytesE) defective neutrophil chemotaxis

    170) Which one of the following is not able to initiate the alternative pathway of thecomplement cascade? (PBVD p. 124)

    A) plasminB) antibodyC) kallikreinD) lipopolysaccharideE) activated factor XII

    171) Which one of the following components of the complement cascade acts as anopsonin? (PBVD p. 124)

    A) C3aB) C3bC) C5aD) C5bE) C4

    172) The following complement components act as opsonins

    A) Inactive C3b (iC3b)B) C3b

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    C) C3aD) A and BE) All

    173) The following protein regulates regulate complement activation by inhibiting

    formation of membrane attack complex

    A) CD59B) CD49C) CD39D) CD51E) CD61

    174) Kallikrein is involved in conversion of

    A) High-molecular weight kininogen to bradykinin

    B) Plasminogen to plasminC) Factor XII to XIIaD) C5 to C5aE) All

    175) Which of the following are the major effects of leukotrienes? (PBVD p. 128)1) vasodilation2) vasoconstriction3) leukocyte chemotaxis4) complement activation5) increased vascular permeability

    A) 1, 2, 3B) 1, 3, 4C) 1, 4, 5D) 2, 3, 4E) 2, 3, 5

    176) Which one of the following eicosanoids causes vasoconstriction and increasedvascular permeability? (p. 69)

    A) lipoxin A4B) prostacyclinC) leukotriene C4D) thromboxane A2E) prostaglandin E2

    177) Which of the following statements about prostacyclin (PGI2) is incorrect? (p 68)

    A) it is a vasodilatorB) it acts as chemotaxin

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    C) LTD4D) LTE4E) PGD2

    183) All the following are produced in neutrophils except,

    A) LTA4B) LTB4C) LTC4D) TNFE) Platelet activating factor

    184) The following are true regarding primary granules of neutrophils except,

    A) Contain defensinsB) Contain lysozymes

    C) Are peroxidase-negativeD) Contain bactericidal permeability increasing proteinE) Requires high levels of agonists for their extracellular release

    185) The major prostanoid produced by mast cells is

    A) PGD2B) PGE2C) PGI2D) PGF2E) TXA2

    186) Action of phospholipase A on omega 3 fatty acids results in the following

    1) Thromboxane A22) Thromboxane A33) Leukotriene B44) Leukotriene B5

    A) 1, 2, 3, 4B) 1, 2C) 3, 4D) 1, 3E) 2, 4

    187) The following enzymes are involved in synthesis of platelet activating factor fromlipid membranes

    A) PAF-synthesizing phosphocholinetransferaseB) LysoPAF acetyltransferase

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    C) PAF acetylhydrolaseD) A, B & CE) A & B

    188) Important products of the cycloxygenase pathway include which of the following?

    a. Thromboxaneb. Prostacyclinc. Leukotrienesd. Lipoxine. Prostaglandins

    a. A, B, Cb. A, B , Dc. A, B, Ed. A and B onlye. C and D only

    189) Prostacyclin performs which of the following action (s)?f. Vasodilationg. Inhibitor of platelet aggregationh. Potentiates increased permeability by other factorsi. Potentiates increased chemotaxis by other factorsj. All of the above

    190) Two major cytokines that mediate inflammation are?k. IL-1, TNF-alphal. IL-1, PAFm. IL-1, RANTESn. PAF, TNF-alphao. None of the above

    191) MCP-1, eotaxin, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, and RANTES belong towhat chemokine family?

    p. C-X-C chemokinesq. C-C chemokinesr. C chemokiness. CX3C chemokinest. None of the above

    192) Which of the following may be caused by platelet activating factor?

    1. vasodilation2. vasoconstriction3. bronchoconstriction4. increased chemotaxis5. increased leukocyte adhesion

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    A. 1,2,3B. 2,3,4C. 2,3,5D. 1,3,4,5E. 1,2,3,4,5

    193) Chronic inflammation is characterized by which of the following? (p79)

    1) Tissue destruction2) Formation of edema3) Infiltration with mononuclear cells4) Infiltration with predominantly neutrophils5) Attempts at healing by connective tissue replacement of damaged tissue

    A) 1, 2, 3B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

    C) 1, 2, 3, 5D) 1, 3, 5E) 3, 5

    194) Activation of macrophages results in the following changes EXCEPT: (p80)

    A) Increased cell sizeB) More active metabolismC) Increased levels of lysosomal enzymesD) Increased macrophage secretion of IFN-E) Greater ability to phagocytose and kill ingested microbes

    195) Which of the following is least likely to induce a granulomatous inflammatoryreaction?

    A. Rhodococcus equiB. Hairy vetch toxicosisC. Porcine circovirus type 2D. Malignant catarrhal fever (ovine herpesvirus 2)E. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare paratuberculosis

    196) Which of the following products produced by activated macrophages can contributeto the development of fibrosis? (p. 80)

    1) IFN-2) fibronectin3) fibroblast growth factor4) transforming growth factor 5) platelet-derived growth factor

    A) 1, 2, 3

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    B) 1, 3, 5C) 2, 3, 4D) 2, 4, 5E) 3, 4, 5

    197) Which one of the following is NOT a positive acute phase protein? (p. 84, FVCP p.260-261)A) transferrinB) fibrinogenC) haptoglobinD) serum amyloid AE) C-reactive protein

    198) Progression to chronic/granulomatous inflammation is characterized by? (PBVDp155-156)

    1) Extensive tissue injury and necrosis2) Persistence of the inciting stimulus for weeks to months3) Extensive connective tissue reorganization followed by fibrosis4) Shift of the cellular elements from neutrophils to lymphocytes and macrophages

    A) 1, 2, 3B) 1, 2, 4C) 1, 3, 4D) 1, 2, 3, 4

    199) TH1 immunologic responses often occur in response to? (PBVD p157)

    1) Asthma2) Foreign bodies3) Mycobacterium spp4) Histoplasma capsulatum5) Endogenous antigens such as myelin basic protein

    A) 1, 2, 3B) 1, 3, 4, 5C) 2, 3, 4D) 2, 3, 4, 5E) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

    200) Predominantly TH1 type of immunologic response is observed in response to thefollowing stimuli except,

    A) AllergenB) Foreign bodiesC) Myelin basic protein

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    D) Mycobacterium bovisE) Listeria monocytogenes

    201) The following cytokines are associated with TH2 type immunologic response

    except,

    A) IL 4B) IL 5C) IL 10D) IL 12E) IL 13

    202) The following molecules play a role in fibrosis

    1) Polyamines

    2) Citrulline3) Proline4) TGF-5) IL-13

    A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5B) 1, 3, 4, 5C) 2, 3, 4, 5D) 3, 4, 5E) 3, 4

    September 13, 2005Robbins Chap2, page 48-56Kei K.

    An exudate has a specific gravity above:

    a. 1.002b. 1.008c. 1.012d. 1.016e. 1.020

    (Answer e page 49)

    A transudate has a specific gravity less than:

    a. 1.002b. 1.008c. 1.012

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    d. 1.016e. 1.020

    (Answer c page 49)

    Normal hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of a capillary bed is:

    a. 12 mm Hgb. 20 mm Hgc. 25 mm Hgd. 32 mm Hge. 50 mm Hg

    (Answer d page 51, fig 2-3)

    All of the following exclusively increase vascular permeability in venules, EXCEPT:

    a. Sunburnb. Histaminec. Bradykinind. Leukotrienese. Neuropeptide substance P

    (Answer a ref. Page 51, fig 2-4)

    Which of the following endothelial molecule binds with the leukocyte receptorCD11/CD18?

    a. ICAM-1b. PECAMc. VCAM-1d. P-selectine. E-selectin

    (Answer a ref. page 54, table 2-1)

    Which of the following endothelial molecule is a homophilic adhesion molecule involvedin the leukocyte migration?

    a. CD31b. ICAM-1c. VCAM-1d. P-selectine. GlyCam-1

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    (Answer a ref. page 54, table 2-1)

    Which of the following endothelial molecule is found in Weibel-Palade bodies?

    a. ICAM-1b. VCAM-1c. P-selectind. E-selectine. GlyCam-1

    (Answer c ref. page 55, Box 2-1)

    (KK) Memo:

    CD11b CD18 (Mac-1) mediate leukocyte attachment to endothelium andsubsequent extravasation and also functions as a fibrinogen receptor and as acomplement receptor on phagocytic cells

    CD11a CD18 (LFA-1, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1) plays animportant role in the adhesion of lymphocytes and other leukocytes with othercells

    CD11c CD18 (CR4) mediate leukocyte attachment to endothelium and

    subsequent extravasation

    L-selectin (expressed on most leukocytes) can be bound by which of the followingendothelial cell ligands?

    1. MadCam-1 (mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule)2. GlyCam-1 (glycan-bearing cell adhesion molecule)3. VCAM-1

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    4. CD345. CD31

    (Answer 1, 3, 4 ref. page 55, Box 2-1. CD31: ligand for CD31, homophilicadhesion molecules. VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule): ligand for VLA-4

    (41) integrin.

    Ligand binding by selectin is:

    a. Zinc dependentb. Sodium dependentc. Calcium dependentd. Potassium dependent

    (Answer c ref. page 55, Box 2-1)

    Which of the following mediator increases extravasation through increasing the numberof vesiculovacuolar organelles?

    a. IGF-1b. VEGFc. Bradykinind. Leukotrienese. Neuropeptide substance P

    (Answer b ref. Page 52)

    Which of the following is false concerning increased vascular permeability?

    A. TNF may cause reorganization of the cytoskeleton in an endothelial cell.B. Endothelial cells may contract as a result histamine binding to its receptor.C. New blood vessels remain leaky until their endothelial cells have matured.D. In the immediate sustained response all levels of the vasculature are affected.E. Proteolytic enzymes released from activated leukocytes may cause increased

    transcytosis.

    Answer: E pg 50-52

    Which of the following endothelial molecules play a role in leukocyte adhesion?

    1. ICAM-12. PECAM

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    3. VCAM-14. P-selectin5. E-selectin

    A. 1,2,3B. 1,3,5C. 2,3,4D. 2,3,5E. 3,4,5

    Answer: B pg 54 Table 2-1

    Which of the following is false concerning phagocytosis?

    A. Recognition and attachment is the first step in the process.B. The phagolysosome is formed during killing and degradation.C. The optimal pH for enzyme action in the phagolysosome is 4-5.D. Microbial killing may be oxygen-dependent or oxygen-independent.E. Mannose and scavenger receptors function to bind and ingest microbes.

    Answer: B pg. 59-61

    Which of the following may stimulate mast cell degranulation?

    1. C3a2. IL-83. heat4. substance P5. histamine-releasing proteins

    A. 1,2,3B. 2,3,4C. 3,4,5D. 1,3,4,5E. 1,2,3,4,5

    Answer: E pg. 63-64

    (KK) All of the followings are actin-regulating proteins interact with actin in thefilopodium, EXCEPT:

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    a. Profilinb. Filaminc. Gelsolind. Lipophiline. Calmodulin

    (Answer d ref. page 57)

    (KK) Which of the following is the chief source of cytokines in inflammation?

    a. Activated mast cellsb. Activated eosinophilsc. Activated neutrophilsd. Activated lymphocytese. Activated macrophages

    (Answer e ref. page 57)

    (KK) Which of the following receptor on leukocytes recognizes N-formylmethionylpeptides?

    a. Integrinb. Toll-like receptorc. Mannose receptord. Scavenger receptore. Seven -helical transmembrane receptor

    (Answer e ref. page 58)

    (KK) Which of the following are receptors on macrophages to bind microbe forphagocytosis?

    1. Mac-12. Toll-like receptor

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    3. Mannose receptor4. Scavenger receptor5. Seven -helical transmembrane receptor

    a. 1, 2, 3

    b. 1, 3, 4c. 1, 4, 5d. 2, 3, 4e. 3, 4, 5

    (Answer b ref. page 59 & fig. 2-11)

    (KK) Which of the following is the most efficient bactericidal system in neutrophils?

    a. Defensins

    b. Lysozymec. Lactoferrind. Halogenatione. Permeability increasing protein

    (Answer d page 61)

    September 27, 2005Robbins Chap 2 page 64-68Kei K.

    Which of the following fragments of complement systems are anaphylatoxins?

    1. C3a2. C3b3. C4a4. C5a5. C5b

    a. 1, 2, 3b. 1, 3, 4c. 1, 4, 5d. 2, 3, 5e. 3, 4, 5

    (Answer b ref. page 64)

    Which of the following act as an opsonin when fixed to the bacterial cell wall?

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    a. C3ab. C3bc. C4ad. C5ae. C5b

    (Answer b ref, page 64)

    Kinin is inactivated by angiotensinconverting enzyme chiefly passage through which ofthe following organ?

    a. Lungb. Liver c. Heartd. Spleen

    e. Kidney

    (Answer a ref. page 65)

    All of the following are functions of kallikrein, EXCEPT:

    a. Activates Hageman factorb. Converts C5 to produce C5ac. Converts factor XI to produce XIad. Cleaves HMWK to produce bradykinine. Cleaves plasminogen to generate plasmin

    (Answer c ref. page 65)

    Which of the following complement proteins are defective in systemic lupuserythematosus?

    1. C12. C23. C34. C45. C5

    a. 1, 3b. 1, 4c. 2, 4

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    d. 2, 5e. 3, 5

    (Answer c ref. page 67, Box 2-2)

    October 4, 2005Robbins Chap 2 page 68-75Kei K.

    Which of the following is the major source of thromboxane synthetase?

    a. Plateletsb. Neutrophilsc. Macrophagesd. Lymphocytese. Vascular endothelium

    (Answer a ref. page 68)

    All of the following eicosanoids cause vasodilation, EXCEPT:

    a. PGI2b. TxA2c. PGE2d. PGD2e. PGF2

    (Answer b ref. page 69, Table 2-4)

    Which of the following eicosanoids inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion toendothelium?

    a. PGI2b. TxA2c. PGE2d. LTC4f. Lipoxin

    (Answer e ref. page 69, Table 2-4)

    Which of the following is a C-X-C chemokine?

    a. IL-18b. MCP-1 (monocytes chemoattractant protein)

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    c. Eotaxind. MIP-1 (macrophage inflammatory protein-1)e. RANTES (regulated and normal T cell expressed and secreted)

    (Answer a ref. page 71. b, c, d, and e are all C-C chemokines)

    C-C chemokines generally attract all of the following, EXCEPT:

    a. Basophilesb. Monocytesc. Eosinophilsd. Neutrophilse. Lymphocytes

    (Answer d ref. page 71. C-X-C chemokines attract neutrophils)

    Nitric oxide is derived from which of the following amino acid?

    a. Glycineb. Cysteinec. Arginined. Glutamic acide. Asparatic acid

    (Answer c ref. page 72)

    Which of the following antioxidants is a copper transfer serum protein?

    a. Catalaseb. Transferringc. Ceruloplasmind. Superoxide dismutasee. Glutathione peroxidase

    (Answer c ref. page 74)

    All of the followings increase vascular permeability, EXCEPT:

    a. C3ab. C5ac. PAFd. LTB4e. Substance P

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    (Answer d ref. page 74, Table 2-5, 2-6)

    All of the followings act as a chemotaxis, EXCEPT:

    a. C3ab. C5ac. PAFd. LTB4e. Nitric oxide

    (Answer a ref. page 74, Table 2-5, 2-6)

    October 11, 2005 Robbins Chap 2 Page 75-85Kei K.

    The half-life of blood monocytes is:

    a. 1 dayb. 3 daysc. 1 week d. 3 weekse. 1 month

    (Answer ref. page 80)

    All of the following are chemotactic stimuli for monocytes, EXCEPT:

    a. C3ab. C5ac. PDFGd. TFG-e. MCP-1

    (Answer ref. page 80)

    MCP-1 (monocytes chemoattractant protein) is which of the following chemokine?

    a. C chemokineb. C-C chemokinec. CX2C chemokined. CX3C chemokine

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    e. C-X-C chemokine

    (Answer ref. page 71. There are no CX2X chemokine)

    The following adhesion molecule is directly involved with leukocyte transmigration

    through the endothelium:A) PECAMB) VCAM-1C) P-selectinD) E-selectinE) Sialyl-Lewis X

    Answer: A page 54

    The following members of the complement system are considered anaphylatoxins:

    1) C12) C3a3) C3b4) C5a5) C4b2b

    A) 1,2B) 1,4C) 2,3D) 2,4E) 4,5

    Answer: D page 64

    Bradykinin is directly produced by cleavage of this compound:A) ThrombinB) KallikreinC) PrekallikreinD) Hageman factorE) High molecular weight kininogen

    Answer: E page 65

    The following are preformed mediators of inflammation:1) Histamine2) Serotonin3) Nitric oxide4) Leukotrienes5) Lysosomal enzymes

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    A) 1, 2, 3B) 1, 2, 5C) 1, 3, 5D) 2, 3, 4E) 2, 3, 5

    Answer: B page 63

    The following chemotactic agents bind to specific 7-transmembrane G protein coupledreceptors on surface of leukocytes exceptA) C5AB) Leukotriene B4C) Platelet activating factorD) Bacterial LipopolsaccharideE) N-formylmethionyl peptides

    Answer: D page 58

    Which of the following pathways is not initiated by factor XIIa?a. Complement cascadeb. Kinin cascadec. Clotting cascaded. Aracidonic acid cascadee. Fibrinolytic cascade

    Answer: d Reference: Page 68

    Collectin-dependent complement activation is initiated by:a. Endotoxinb. Bacterial glycoproteinsc. Bacterial polysaccharidesd. Immune-complexese. Bacterial glycolipids

    Answer: b Reference: Page 66

    11-30-04

    1) Bradykinin is degraded by

    a) Kallikreinb) Plasmin

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    c) C3 convertased) Kininasee) Thrombin

    Answer- d, (and also Angiotensin convertase in the lungs) Ref:- 65

    2) Complement fragment mainly involved in opsonization is?

    a) C1b) C3ac) C5ad) C3be) C9

    Answer- d, Ref:- 64

    Q. Which of the following factor usually increases vascular permeability in all levels ofmicrocirculation?

    f. Histamineg. Bradykininh. Leukotriene C4D4E4i. Lytic bacterial infectionsj. Neuropeptide substance P

    (A. d ref. Page 50-52)

    Q. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the leukocyte response ininflammation?

    1) Margination2) Rolling3) Pavementing4) Emigration5) Chemotaxis6) Phagositosis

    a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6b) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6c) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4 ,6

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    d) 2, 1, 3, 5, 4, 6e) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4, 6

    (A. a ref. page 53-54)

    Q. Which of the following is the correct statement of leukocyte adhesion ininflammation?

    a) Platelet activating factor redistributes P-selectin from Weible-Palade bodies to theleukocyte cell surface

    b) E-selectin is present in endothelium and plateletsc) VCAM-1 is the ligand for the LFA-1 integrind) ICAM-1 is the ligand for the VLA-4 integrine) None of the above

    (A. e ref. page 54)

    Q. Which of the following statement is TRUE?

    a.The H2O2-myeloperoxidase-halide system is the most efficient bactericidal systemin neutrophilsb. Activated neutrophils are the chief source of the cytokines involved inleukocyte activationc.Neutrophils cannot engulf bacteria without attachment to specific receptorsd. Neutrophilia is one of the characteristics of Chediak-Higashi syndromee.None of the above

    (A. a ref. pages p57, 59, and 61)

    All the following statements are true, EXCEPT?

    a. C3b binds to the previously generated fragments to form C5 convertase whichcleaves C5 to release C5a.

    b. The alternative pathway can be triggered by microbes surface molecules withoutthe presence of antibodies.

    c. The classical pathway is triggered by fixation of C1 to IgG or IgM combined withantigen.

    d. Membrane attack complex (MAC) consists of C5a and the late components (C6 C9).

    e. The lectin pathway is triggered by mannose binding lectin.

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    (A. d ref. P64 and P65 Fig. 2-14)

    1) A defect in the neutrophil NADPH oxidase would result in which of thefollowing?

    A) Inability to kill phagocytized bacteriaB) Inability to generate arachidonic acid metabolitesC) Inability of cellular receptors to bind to opsonized particlesD) Inability to generate oxygen free radicals in the phagolysosome

    E) Inability to halogenate oxygen free radicals in the phagolysosome

    Answer: D Page #s 59-62

    2) Opsonins include all of the following except?

    A) Laminin

    B) FibrinogenC) IgG antibodiesD) Mannose-binding lectinE) Complement protein C3

    Answer A Page #s: 59, 105

    Which of the following is not a function of the complement factor C5a?

    A) Release of histamine from mast cellsB) Increases vascular permeabilityC) Chemotactic for neutrophils

    D) Opsonin for bacteriaE) Vasodilation

    Answer: D Page #64-65

    Which of the following adhesion molecules is stored pre-formed in endothelial cellWeibel Palade bodies?

    A) CD31

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    B) ICAM-1C) GlyCam-1D) E-SelectinE) P-Selectin

    Answer: E Page #: 54-56

    Which of the following adhesion molecules is specific for lymphocyte homing to highendothelial venules in lymph nodes?

    A) CD31B) ICAM-1C) GlyCam-1

    D) E-Selectin

    E) P-Selectin

    Answer: C Page #54

    Please place the following processes involved in the inflammatory process in the correctorder?

    1) Leukocytes marginate in the postcapillary venule2) Leukocytes transmigrate through the endothelial cells and venule wall3) Leukocyte roll along the endothelial cells of the postcapillary venule4) Mediators induce the expression of selectins and mucin-like glycoproteins5) Integrins and immunoglobulin family molecules are expressed on leukocytes

    and endothelial cells

    A) 1, 4, 3, 5, 2

    B) 1, 5, 3, 2, 4C) 4, 1, 5, 3, 2D) 4, 3, 5, 1, 2E) 5, 1, 2, 4, 3

    Answer: A Page #53-56

    Which of the following is the correct order of the vascular events of inflammation?

    1) Vasodilation2) Neovascularization3) Transient vasoconstriction4) Increased vascular permeability

    A) 1, 2, 3, 4

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    B) 1, 3, 4, 2C) 3, 2, 1, 4,D) 3, 1, 4, 2

    E) 4, 1, 2, 3

    Answer: D Page #s: 50-53

    All of the following can lead to increased vascular permeability in the inflammatoryprocess EXCEPT?

    A) AngiogenesisB) Vasodilation

    C) Histamine releaseD) Apoptosis of endothelial cells

    E) Leukocyte-dependent injury of endothelial cells

    Answer: B Page #s 50-53Q. Which of the following does not induce platelet aggregation?

    1. Nitric oxide2. Prostaglandin E23. Thromboxane A24. Platelet-activating factor5. Prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin)

    a. 1 and 2b. 2 and 3c. 3 and 4d. 4 and 5e. 1 and 5

    A. e. ref. page 68, 72

    Q. All of the followings act as a leukocyte chemotactic factor, EXCEPT

    a. C3ab. C5ac. IL-1d. 5-HETEe. Platelet-activating factor

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    A. a. ref. page 69, 74 (Table 2-5), 75 (Table 2-6)

    Q. All of the followings are correct, EXCEPT

    a. iNOS is induced by TNF-b. Nitric oxide induces vasodilaionc. Nitric oxide has a microbicidal potentiald. Nitric oxide is synthesized from L-asparaginee. Constitutively expressed nitric oxide syntheses are activated by Ca2+ influx

    A. d. ref. page 72,73

    December 14, 2004Robbins General PathoKei K

    Q. All of the followings are chemotactic stimuli for monocytes, EXCEPT

    a. C5ab. TGF-c. MCP-1d. Fibronectine. Platelet-derived growth factor

    A. b ref. page 80

    The following are true regarding a transudate except:

    A) Specific gravity less that 1.012B) Results from osmotic imbalanceC) Protein content is mostly albuminD) Results from hydrostatic imbalanceE) Results from leakage from new vessels

    Answer: E, pages 49,52

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    The following are true regarding an exudate except:A) Results from angiogenesisB) Results from increased transcytosis

    C) Results from leukocyte mediated endothelial injuryD) Results from formation of endothelial gaps in arteriolesE) Results from affect of IL-1 and TNF on endothelial cells

    Answer: D, pages 50-52

    The following are true regarding L-selectin except:A) Can bind to CD 34B) Expressed on lymphocytesC) Expressed on cytokine activated endothelial cellsD) Can bind to glycan-bearing cell adhesion molecule 1 (GlyCam-1)

    E) Can bind to mucosal adhesion cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1)

    Answer: C page 55

    The following are opsonins for microbes except:A) C3bB) C5aC) FibronectinD) IGg antibodiesE) Mannose binding lectin (MBL)

    Answer: B page58-59

    The following are oxygen independent mechanisms of bacterial killing in leukocytesexcept:A) DefensinsB) LysozymeC) LactoferrinD) H2O2-MPO-halide systemE) Bacterial permeability increasing (BPI) proteinAnswer: D page 61

    Kallikrein is directly involved in all of the following except:A) Activation of factor XIIB) Opsonization of bacteriaC) Conversion of C5 to C5aD) Conversion of plasminogen to plasminE) Cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen

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    Answer: B page 65, 67

    The following are directly involved in the alternative pathway of complement activation:1) C4b2b

    2) Factor B3) Properdin4) Bacterial LPS5) Antigen-antibody complex

    A) 1,2,3,B) 1,3,4C) 2,3,4D) 2,4,5D) 3,4,5

    Answer: C page 66

    The following are true regarding Lipoxins except:A) Act to inhibit leukocyte recruitmentB) They are generated by action of 12-LipoxygenaseC) Intermediates for synthesis produced by neutrophilsD) Need cell-cell interaction between neutrophils and platelets for synthesisE) There is direct relationship between amount of Lipoxin and Leukotrienes formed

    Answer: E pages 69-70

    The following inflammatory mediators cause vasodilation except:A) HistamineB) Lipoxin A4C) Nitric oxideD) Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4E)Prostacyclin and PG D2, PGE2, PGF2

    Answer: D pages 69 and 75

    The following are true regarding macrophages in chronic inflammation except:A) Activated by IFN-B) Activated by EndotoxinC) Display antigens to T-cellsD) Local proliferation will occur after emigrationE) Have granules that contain Major Basic Protein

    Answer: E pages 80,81

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    The following are true regarding the acute phase response except:A) Increased plasma concentration of fibrinB) Fever is produced in response to pyrogensC) Increased plasma concentration of C-reactive protein

    D) Accelerated release of leukocytes from bone marrowE) Increased plasma concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein

    Answer: A pages 84-85

    Which of the following is not a product of activated macrophages?

    A) TGF-B) FGF

    C) IgGD) TNFE) NO

    Answer: C Page #: 80

    Which of the following is a major activator of macrophages?

    A) IFN-B) PDGFC) FGFD) TGFE) NO

    Answer: A Page #: 80-81

    Which of the following is not involved in the production of a fever?

    A) COXB) IL-1C) PGE2D) SAAE) TNF

    Answer: D Page #: 84

    Which of the following does not increase vascular leakage?

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    A) BradykininB) Leukotriene C4, D4, E4C) Platelet activating factorD) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

    E) Complement components C3a and C5a

    Answer: D Page #: 74

    Which of the following is not chemoattractant for neutrophils?

    A) C5aB) IL-8C) LTB4D) LXB4

    E) 5-HETE

    Answer: D Page #s: 64, 68, 69, 70, 71

    Which of the following is produced by transcellular metabolism?

    A) C5aB) IL-8C) LTB4D) LXB4E) 5-HETE

    Answer: D Page #s: 69-70

    The sequence of events for extravasation of leukocytes to the interstitium occurs in thefollowing order:A) Migration, margination, rolling, pavementing and transmigrationB) Pavementing, rolling, margination, transmigration and migrationC) Margination, pavementing, rolling, transmigration and migrationD) Margination, rolling, pavementing, transmigration and migrationE) Migration, transmigration, margination, rolling and pavementing

    Answer: D

    THF and IL-1 induce endothelial expression of the following ligand for the LFA-1 andMac-1 integrins:A) ELAM-1

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    B) VCAM-1C) ICAM-1D) P-selectinE) GlyCam-1

    Answer: C Box 2-1

    All of the following are actin regulating proteins that are important for leukocytechemotaxis except:A) FilaminB) ProlifinC) GelsolinD) PorphyrinE) Calmodulin

    Answer: D page 57

    Which of the following receptors is a macrophage lectin that binds terminal mannose andfucose residues of glycoproteins and glycolipids:A) FC receptorsB) Mannose receptorsC) Scavenger receptorsD) CR1-Type 1 complement receptorsE) Seven transmembrane G-proetin-coupled receptors

    Answer: B page 58-59binds sugars found on microbial cell wallsFCgamma-IGg ab Scavenger- LDL particles CR1-C3

    Which of the following mechanism of increased vascular permeability in acuteinflammation involves capillaries?

    1. Delayed prolonged leakage in sunburn2. Leukocyte mediated endothelial injury3. Direct endothelial injury in severe burn4. Increased transcytosis elicited by VEGF5. Formation of endothelial gap elicited by histamine

    A. 1, 2, 3B. 1, 2, 4C. 1, 4, 5D. 2, 3, 4E. 3, 4, 5

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    (Answer A ref. page 51-52, Fig 2-4)

    Which of the following endothelial molecule is directly relevant to transmigration of

    neutrophils in extravasation?

    A. P-selectinB. E-selectinC. VCAM-1D. PCAM-1E. ICAM-1

    (Answer D ref. page 53, $$$$fig 2-6)

    Which of the following leukocyte receptor binds to P-selectin?

    A. CD31B. L-selectinC. 41 integrinD. Sialyl-Lewis XE. CD11/CD18 integrin

    (Answer D ref. page 54, table 2-1)

    Cellular events: Leukocyte extravasation(vascular events- stasis) > margination > rolling (transient adhesion to endothelium by P-selectin, E-selectin) > pavementing (stable adhesion by integrin-integrin ligan


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