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Chapter 25: Local Government and FinanceSection 3
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ObjectivesObjectives
1. Explain why State and local governments have a major role in providing important services.
2. Identify State and local services in the fields of education, public welfare, public
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fields of education, public welfare, public safety, and highways.
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Key TermsKey Terms
• Medicaid: a joint federal and State program that provides medical care and other health services to low-income families
• welfare: cash assistance given to the poor
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• welfare: cash assistance given to the poor
• entitlement: a program whose benefits are available to anyone who meets the eligibility requirements
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Introduction Introduction
• What services do State and local governments provide?
– State and local governments provide public education and welfare assistance, build and
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education and welfare assistance, build and maintain roads and highways, and protect public health and safety.
– Authorities deliver these services directly through State agencies and through the many forms of local government in each State.
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EducationEducation
• Public education is the most expensive item in every State budget.
– Funding and spending
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per public school student has increased greatly in the past 25 years.
– Every State also funds a public higher education system.
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Education, cont.Education, cont.
• Checkpoint: What are a State’s responsibilities for education?
– The level of State funding for primary and secondary education varies from State to State. Most funding comes from local property taxes.
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comes from local property taxes.
– States set legal guidelines for teacher qualifications, curricula, content standards, educational materials, statewide skills tests, and the length of the school year.
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Public WelfarePublic Welfare
• States pass laws, conduct inspections, and issue licenses to protect the public welfare.
• Most States have public health programs.– States operate public hospitals, immunize children, and help run medical assistance programs for the
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and help run medical assistance programs for the poor, such as Medicaid.
• States also provide welfare benefits.– From 1936 to 1996, States shared the cost of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children welfare program with the federal government.
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Public Welfare, cont.Public Welfare, cont.
• In 1996, the Federal government began the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program.
• Under TANF, each State receives a fixed amount of money each year to spend on welfare benefits.
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• No one can receive more than five years of benefits and recipients must work or take part in vocational training or community service.
• The number of people on welfare has dropped, but States face a challenge helping those who remain.
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Public SafetyPublic Safety
• Each State has a variety of police forces that preserve law and order.
– State police patrol roads and highways.
– In rural areas, they may be the primary police force or provide key support to local law-enforcement agencies.
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agencies.
• Each State also operates corrections facilities, which hold convicted criminals.
– More than 2.5 million people are in jail, more than half in State prisons.
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PrisonsPrisons
• Prison populations are growing, leading to overcrowding.
– This is due to an increase in the number of people convicted of violent crimes and the longer length of the average prison sentence.
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• State corrections spending has more than doubled in the past 20 years to over $40 billion.
– As a result, many States are hiring private contractors to operate prisons.
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HighwaysHighways
• The federal government shares the cost of major highway projects, such as Boston’s Big Dig, with the States.
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• The largely federally funded Interstate Highway System began in 1956 and is nearing completion today.
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Highways, cont.Highways, cont.
• The interstate highway system makes up only some 45,000 miles of more than 4 million miles of American roads.
• Many roads are built and maintained with State funds.
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funds.
• State and local governments also ensure public safety on the roads.– They license drivers, patrol the roads, set speed limits, and inspect vehicles.
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ReviewReview
• Now that you have learned about how State governments raise money to pay for services, go back and answer the Chapter Essential Question.
– How local should government be?
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– How local should government be?