Chapter 26: Chapter 26: World War IIWorld War II
1939-19451939-1945
26.1: Paths to War26.1: Paths to War
The Road to WarThe Road to War JapanJapan
Invaded Chinese territory of Manchuria to build an Invaded Chinese territory of Manchuria to build an empire and gain raw materialsempire and gain raw materials
Japan withdrew from League of NationsJapan withdrew from League of Nations 1937, Japan expanded further into China into Nanjing1937, Japan expanded further into China into Nanjing
Brutal invasion – 250,000 Chinese killedBrutal invasion – 250,000 Chinese killed
Japan moves to Southeast Asia for natural Japan moves to Southeast Asia for natural resourcesresources
US threatens to apply economic sanctions US threatens to apply economic sanctions (restrictions intended to enforce international (restrictions intended to enforce international law) if Japan didn’t leave SE Asia law) if Japan didn’t leave SE Asia
Japan launches surprise attack on US and Japan launches surprise attack on US and European colonies in SE AsiaEuropean colonies in SE Asia
ItalyItaly Attacked Ethiopia to expand and gain Attacked Ethiopia to expand and gain
natural resourcesnatural resources Italians win with superior military Italians win with superior military
technologytechnology League of Nations agreed to stop the sale League of Nations agreed to stop the sale
of weapons to Italy, but not all members of weapons to Italy, but not all members abidedabided
GermanyGermany Expansion driven by Hitler’s desire to build a Expansion driven by Hitler’s desire to build a
Third Reich, restore national pride, establish Third Reich, restore national pride, establish Aryan raceAryan race
AggressionAggression Hitler rebuilds German Army Hitler rebuilds German Army 1936, Germans move into the Rhineland (Germany’s 1936, Germans move into the Rhineland (Germany’s
border with France)border with France) 1938, Hitler takes over Austria and the Sudetenland 1938, Hitler takes over Austria and the Sudetenland
(part of Czechoslovakia)(part of Czechoslovakia) Violations of Treaty of Versailles! League of Nations too Violations of Treaty of Versailles! League of Nations too
weak!weak!
Munich Conference, 1938Munich Conference, 1938 Western democracies adopted policy of Western democracies adopted policy of
AppeasementAppeasement Nations gave into aggressive demands to Nations gave into aggressive demands to
maintain peace maintain peace Hitler continues expansion; takes over all of Hitler continues expansion; takes over all of
CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression PactNazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Agreement between Hitler and Stalin to Agreement between Hitler and Stalin to not attack each othernot attack each other
War BeginsWar Begins Hitler’s invasion of Poland, September 1, Hitler’s invasion of Poland, September 1,
19391939 Poland – no natural barriers for protectionPoland – no natural barriers for protection Leads Great Britain and France to declare war on Leads Great Britain and France to declare war on
GermanyGermany Germany uses Blitzkrieg – lightning warfareGermany uses Blitzkrieg – lightning warfare
(300 tanks and supplies), airplanes(300 tanks and supplies), airplanes
AlliancesAlliances Axis Powers – Germany, Italy, JapanAxis Powers – Germany, Italy, Japan Allied Powers – Great Britain, France (Soviet Allied Powers – Great Britain, France (Soviet
Union, China, US)Union, China, US)
The Course of The Course of WWIIWWII
26.226.2
Europe at WarEurope at War Hitler’s Early Victories Hitler’s Early Victories
April 1940 – Nazis overrun Norway, April 1940 – Nazis overrun Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands and BelgiumDenmark, the Netherlands and Belgium
June, 1940 – Nazis invade France June, 1940 – Nazis invade France French government forced into exileFrench government forced into exile Germans occupy ¾ of France, including ParisGermans occupy ¾ of France, including Paris
Turning PointsTurning Points Entry of the United States Entry of the United States
(1941)(1941) US declared neutrality, but US declared neutrality, but
supplied arms, food, ships to the supplied arms, food, ships to the AlliesAllies
To combat Japanese aggression, To combat Japanese aggression, the US banned the sale of war the US banned the sale of war materials to the Japanesematerials to the Japanese
Angered by this, Japan launched a Angered by this, Japan launched a surprise attack on American surprise attack on American military bases at Pearl Harbor, military bases at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7Hawaii on December 7thth, 1941. , 1941.
2,400 people were killed, many 2,400 people were killed, many ships and planes destroyedships and planes destroyed
US declares war on Japan; this US declares war on Japan; this gives Allies added strengthgives Allies added strength
Battle of Stalingrad (1942-Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943)1943) Germans invade the Soviet Germans invade the Soviet
Union in 1941, and Hitler Union in 1941, and Hitler wants to takeover Stalingrad, wants to takeover Stalingrad, an industrial center.an industrial center.
Russians counter-attack; Russians counter-attack; troops and a freezing winter troops and a freezing winter cause Germans to surrender. cause Germans to surrender.
The Red Army (Soviets) The Red Army (Soviets) advance toward Germanyadvance toward Germany
This World War II cartoon is showing the relationship between climate and thea. inability of Nazi forces to defeat the Soviet Unionb. success of Allied troops after D-dayc. efforts by Allied troops to control Berlind. casualties suffered by the Soviet Union
Invasion of NormandyInvasion of Normandy Allies invaded France on June 6, 1944, aka Allies invaded France on June 6, 1944, aka
D-DayD-Day Allied troops were ferried across the English Allied troops were ferried across the English
Channel, landing on the beaches of Channel, landing on the beaches of NormandyNormandy
They broke through German defenses and They broke through German defenses and freed Paris from German controlfreed Paris from German control
Allies move from France into Germany, Allies move from France into Germany, meeting up with the Soviets (two-front war meeting up with the Soviets (two-front war for Germans)for Germans)
The War EndsThe War Ends The Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta Conference
February 1945, Roosevelt, Stalin, ChurchillFebruary 1945, Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill Division of Germany – British, French, American, Division of Germany – British, French, American,
Soviet forces would control a zone of GermanySoviet forces would control a zone of Germany Agreed that Stalin would oversee the creation of new Agreed that Stalin would oversee the creation of new
governments in Eastern Europegovernments in Eastern Europe War in Europe ends with Germans’ surrender on War in Europe ends with Germans’ surrender on
May 7May 7thth, 1945, 1945
Hiroshima and NagasakiHiroshima and Nagasaki Japanese refused to surrender, despite Japanese refused to surrender, despite
American bombings of Japanese citiesAmerican bombings of Japanese cities On August 6On August 6thth, 1945, Americans drop an , 1945, Americans drop an
atomic bomb on Japanese city of atomic bomb on Japanese city of Hiroshima. It flattened 4 square miles Hiroshima. It flattened 4 square miles and killed 70,000 peopleand killed 70,000 people
A few days later, another a-bomb was A few days later, another a-bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, killing 40,000dropped on Nagasaki, killing 40,000
War in Pacific ends with Japanese War in Pacific ends with Japanese surrender on August 10surrender on August 10thth, 1945, 1945
The Holocaust The Holocaust and and
Other Wartime Other Wartime AtrocitiesAtrocities
26.326.3
The HolocaustThe Holocaust Hitler’s Final Solution Hitler’s Final Solution
Plan to commit genocide (attempt to destroy an entire ethnic Plan to commit genocide (attempt to destroy an entire ethnic or religious group) against the Jews throughout Nazi-Europeor religious group) against the Jews throughout Nazi-Europe
First, Hitler limited rights of and encouraged First, Hitler limited rights of and encouraged violence against Jewsviolence against Jews
November 8, 1938November 8, 1938 ““Night of broken glass” – Jewish synagogues, businesses, Night of broken glass” – Jewish synagogues, businesses,
cemeteries, schools and homes destroyedcemeteries, schools and homes destroyed Day after, 30,000 Jews arrested for being Jewish and more Day after, 30,000 Jews arrested for being Jewish and more
restrictive laws enforcedrestrictive laws enforced
Then, Hitler forced Jews into ghettos Then, Hitler forced Jews into ghettos and transported them to over 300 and transported them to over 300 concentration camps or death campsconcentration camps or death camps AuschwitzAuschwitz
6 million Jews die; starved, shot, gassed 6 million Jews die; starved, shot, gassed to deathto death
AuschwitzAuschwitz
Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March In the Philippines, Japanese soldiers In the Philippines, Japanese soldiers
forced American and Filipino forced American and Filipino prisoners of war to march up the prisoners of war to march up the Bataan Peninsula. Bataan Peninsula.
65 miles65 miles Survivors were brought to Survivors were brought to
concentration campsconcentration camps
Nanjing MassacreNanjing Massacre
1937, Japan’s brutal invasion of China1937, Japan’s brutal invasion of China 300,000 Chinese killed300,000 Chinese killed
*All of these events are *All of these events are
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS!HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS!
Home Front and Home Front and AftermathAftermath
26.4
Total WarTotal War Democratic governments Democratic governments
increase powerincrease power Order military and industrial Order military and industrial
mobilizationmobilization Women enter workforceWomen enter workforce
Help produce planes, ships, Help produce planes, ships, ammunitionammunition
Drove trucks and ambulances, Drove trucks and ambulances, decoded messages, served as decoded messages, served as nursesnurses
Bombing increasesBombing increases Many civilians killedMany civilians killed
Impact of WWIIImpact of WWII 75 million people dead75 million people dead Aerial bombardment left Aerial bombardment left
cities in ruinscities in ruins War Crime War Crime
Trials/Nuremberg TrialsTrials/Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg, GermanyNuremberg, Germany 22 Nazis tried for “crimes 22 Nazis tried for “crimes
against humanity”against humanity” Some imprisoned, some given Some imprisoned, some given
death penaltydeath penalty Leaders held accountable for Leaders held accountable for
actions during wartimeactions during wartime
Dresden, Germany
Coventry, England
Nuremberg Trials
Hiroshima, JapanHiroshima, Japan
Occupied NationsOccupied Nations Western nations occupied West Western nations occupied West
Germany and Japan Germany and Japan To avoid future war and built new To avoid future war and built new
gov’ts with democratic gov’ts with democratic constitutionsconstitutions
Soviet forces occupied East Soviet forces occupied East Germany and most of eastern Germany and most of eastern EuropeEurope
Established communist gov’tsEstablished communist gov’ts Europe divided – democracy in Europe divided – democracy in
the west and communism in the the west and communism in the east east Cold War! Cold War!
The United NationsThe United Nations Created in 1945; A Created in 1945; A
place to discuss world place to discuss world problems and develop problems and develop solutionssolutions
2 Main bodies:2 Main bodies: General AssemblyGeneral Assembly
Includes representatives Includes representatives from all member nations; from all member nations; each has one voteeach has one vote
Security CouncilSecurity Council 15 member nations; 5 15 member nations; 5
which are permanent – which are permanent – US, Russia, France, Great US, Russia, France, Great Britain, ChinaBritain, China
Self-determinationSelf-determination European colonialism declines European colonialism declines
throughout the worldthroughout the world Rise of independent nations in Asia and Rise of independent nations in Asia and
AfricaAfrica
Compare/Contrast EssayCompare/Contrast Essay Using the chart, write a Using the chart, write a
well-developed Essay well-developed Essay comparingcomparing and and contrastingcontrasting WWI and WWI and WWIIWWII Compare: means to analyze Compare: means to analyze
the similaritiesthe similarities Contrast: means to analyze Contrast: means to analyze
the differencethe difference You are to choose You are to choose fourfour
categories from the chart categories from the chart and analyze where both and analyze where both Wars are similar and Wars are similar and different in those different in those categoriescategories
ExampleExample Category:Category:
OutcomeOutcome Compare: Compare:
Both Wars required an Both Wars required an outcome of a peace outcome of a peace keeping organizationkeeping organization
Contrast: Contrast: Successful vs. Successful vs.
UnsuccessfulUnsuccessful League of nations VS. League of nations VS.
United NationsUnited Nations
Things To RememberThings To Remember
Essay should be Essay should be 6 6 paragraphsparagraphs
Intro and conclusion Intro and conclusion shouldshould be more than be more than 2 sentences2 sentences
Label everything for Label everything for the readerthe reader CategoriesCategories Where you compareWhere you compare Where you contrastWhere you contrast
Labeling should be Labeling should be done NEATLY in done NEATLY in the marginthe margin Not last minuteNot last minute
You may type this You may type this essayessay
You must study You must study this essaythis essay
Essay will count as Essay will count as a quiza quiz
