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Chapter 27
Environmentally Friendly Framing Methods
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Introduction• Structural drawings (e.g., framing plans,
sections and details, and foundation plan)– Require thorough understanding of materials
and process of construction• Wood, steel, masonry, and concrete are the most
common materials used• Each material has its own green properties, and
methods of achieving Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) credits
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Wood Framing Methods• Each method has many green properties
that lead to LEED credits– Common credits gained by use of wood
framing methods include:• Recycled content• Building resources• Rapidly renewable materials• Certified wood products
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Wood Framing Methods (cont’d.)• Balloon or
eastern framing– Rarely used – Exterior studs
run from the top of the foundation to the top of the highest level
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Wood Framing Methods (cont’d.)• Platform or western
framing– Most common– A platform is created
by each floor
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Wood Framing Methods (cont’d.)• Post-and-beam
framing– Places framing
members at greater distances apart than platform methods
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Wood Framing Methods (cont’d.)• Timber construction
– Not widely used in last 100 years
– Some are returning to timber framing methods
• Warmth and coziness
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Energy-Efficient Framing Methods• Energy-efficient
platform framing– Advanced framing
techniques (AFTs) replace nonstructural wood with insulation
• Increases energy efficiency
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Energy-Efficient Framing (cont’d.)• Engineered lumber and materials
– Structural engineered members • Small pieces of wood turned into framing members• Usually made from wood scraps and young, small-
diameter, fast-growing tree species
– Engineered lumber for framing • Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)• Laminated strand lumber (LSL) • Parallel strand lumber (PSL)
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Energy-Efficient Framing (cont’d.)• Structurally insulated
panels (SIPs)– Structural strength– High insulation rates– Built-in vapor barriers– Sound-deadening
qualities– Ease of installation
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Energy-Efficient Framing (cont’d.)• Steel framing
– Consistently straight and square
– Resists stress from weather
– Contains about 50% recycled metal and is 100% recyclable
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Energy-Efficient Framing (cont’d.)• Concrete masonry units
– Durable and economical building
– Excellent structural and insulation values
– Concrete blocks• Classifications• Patterns, colors, and shapes• Concrete form masonry units
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Energy-Efficient Framing (cont’d.)• Solid masonry construction
– Can last for centuries– Reduces temperature swings– Variety of position and
patterns– Masonry walls must be
reinforced– Masonry veneer
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Energy-Efficient Framing (cont’d.)• Insulated concrete
form construction– Provide an energy-
efficient wall-framing system for an entire structure
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Energy-Efficient Framing (cont’d.)• Modular framing methods
– Highly engineered method of construction– Efficient and cost-effective– Begin as components designed, engineered,
and assembled in a factory using assembly-line techniques
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Green Construction Goals• Key questions:
– Can products be selected that are made from environmentally friendly materials?
– Can products be selected because of what they do not contain?
– Will the products reduce the environmental impact during construction?
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Green Construction Goals (cont’d.)• Key questions (cont’d.):
– Will the products reduce the environmental impact of operating the building?
– Will the products to contribute to a safe, healthy indoor environment?
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Green Construction Goals (cont’d.)• Major considerations:
– Environmentally friendly materials • Salvaged products• Products with recycled content• Certified wood products• Quick-growth and waste by-products• Minimally processed products
– Removing materials– Reducing construction impact
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Green Construction Goals (cont’d.)• Major considerations (cont’d.):
– Reducing impact after construction• Reducing energy demands and maintenance• Using renewable energy• Conserving water• Preventing pollution and eliminating pesticides• Contributing to the environment• Improving interiors with nonpolluting products• Blocking, removing, and warning of contaminants