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BIOMES Chapter 34
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Biotic and abiotic factors
Biotic factors are living things that affect an organism (predators)
Abiotic factors are non-living components in an environment like water, sunlight, temperature, and soil.
Disturbances can occur like fire, storms, and droughts
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Rain Forests
Location: South and Central America, Africa, S. East Asia
Climate: As much as 350 cm rain per year, hot and humid climate
Most diverse biome Are cut down and burned for farming .
Slash and burn agriculture Soil is weak and nutrient poor
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Savanna
North Africa Warm climate with alternating wet and
dry seasons Grassland with scattered trees, lots of
grazing animals Periodic fires, poaching
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Deserts
American Southwest, Africa, Middle east Less than 30 cm of rain per year,
temperatures may be hot during the day and very cold at night
Plants that store water like cacti , Animals tend to be light colored so they don’t absorb heat , and have adaptations to conserve water
Desertification- development of new deserts due to environmental problems
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Chapparal California and Mediterranean coast Mild rainy winter and hot dry summers Dense spiny shrubs, reptiles, small
mammals Periodic fires
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Temperate Grassland
American Midwest Colder winters than savanna, Four
distinct seasons, Not enough rain for trees
Grasses, grazing animals, insects, birds Periodic fire and drought, rich soil for
farming
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
Northeast US, Europe, China Four distinct seasons Deciduous trees lose their leaves like oak,
hickory, maple We live in this biome, lots of development
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Coniferous Forest
Maine, Washington, Oregon, Canada Cold temperatures, shorter growing
seasons and long snowy winters Trees with needles and cones like pine,
spruce and fir, moose, bears, beavers Also called taiga, trees used for lumber
and paper
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Tundra
Near North and South Pole, Alaska Cold long snowy winter, short cool
summer, Frozen soil – permafrost (poor drainage)
Mosses, lichens – few large plants Rich in natural resources, important
fishing industry
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Fresh/salt water Vocab
Photic zone
Aphotic zone
Phytoplankton
Benthic zone
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Estuaries
Places where salt and fresh water mix
Very diverse
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Ocean Vocab
Pelagic zone/Oceanic zone Abyssal zone Intertidal zone Neritic zone Zooplankton Coral reef Hydrothermal vents
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