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Chapter 4 and 6
Foldable notes
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Solar Radiation
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Greenhouse Effect
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Layers of the Atmosphere
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Ozone Layer
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Smog
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100% Solar Radiation
20%
50%
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Solar Radiation
• 70% of the suns solar radiation is absorbed by Earth’s land, ocean, & atmosphere.
• 30% of the suns solar radiation is reflected by clouds, dust, air & land.
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100% of the solar radiation.
Some radiation escapes back into space.
Greenhouse gases radiate energy back to Earth’s surface.
Gases in the troposhere.
H2O
CO2
CH4
NO2
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Greenhouse effect
•The warming of the Earth’s surface and troposphere from gases that trap heat.
• The burning of fossil fuels adds CO2
• Deforestation (removing trees) reduces the use of CO2 by decreasing photosynthesis.
•The warmer the Earth, the more gases it traps.
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Greenhouse effect
• Major gases:1.(H2O) Water 2.(CO2) Carbon dioxide (from burning fossil fuels)
3.(CH4) Methane (fossil fuels, livestock, landfills)
4.(NO2) Nitrous oxide (fossil fuels, fertilizers)• (O3) Ozone • (CCl3F) CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon)
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Ozone layer O3 O3
O3
O3O3O3
H2OCO2 H2O
CO2
Satellites
meteor
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Layers of the Atmosphere
• Exosphere – “outer space”
• Thermosphere – satellites are placed
• Mesosphere – meteors burn up
• Stratosphere – ozone layer, airplanes fly
• Troposhere– all weather occurs, almost all H2O and CO2 in the atmosphere
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Ozone layer
• Ozone is O3
• Absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. (Earth’s sunscreen!)
• Has been damaged by humans use of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon) CCl3F and exhaust compounds (from airplanes).
• CCl3F CCl2F + Cl UV radiation• Naturally the ozone layer thins “the hole” in the
Spring over the Antarctic.
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Smog
landocean
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Normal Conditions: Warm air near the Earth rises. (Air is heated from below as the sun warms the Earth’s surface.)
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Inversion Conditions: Colder air is near the Earth, trapped under warm air. Caused when a warm front (air mass) moves over a cold front (air mass).
Solar Radiation