American AnthemModern American History
Chapter 5
An Industrial Nation
1860-1920
Copyright © 2009, Mr. EllingtonRuben S. Ayala High School
Columbus statute in
Rhode Island
1. The American West A: Conflicts with Native Americans
B: Mining and Ranching
C: Farmers on the Great Plains
2. The Second Industrial Revolution A: Industry and Railroads
B: The Rise of Big Business
Chapter 5: An Industrial Nation, 1860-1920
B: The Rise of Big Business
C: Workers Organize
D: Advances in Transportation and Communication
3. Life at the Turn of the Twentieth CenturyA: New Immigrants
B: Urban Life in America
C: Political Scandal and Reform
D: Segregation and Discrimination
Columbus statute in
Rhode Island
Part 1: The American West Section 1A: Conflicts with Native Americans
• Government policy changed from removal to reservations
• Tensions between settlers and Indians led to a series of wars and
massacres during the 1860s-1890s
• Wounded Knee Massacre (below) was caused by fear over the
Ghost Dance, left 300 natives dead, and broke Indian resistance
• Dawes Act (1887) promoted assimilation and individualism• Dawes Act (1887) promoted assimilation and individualism
Part 1: The American West Section 1B: Mining and Ranching
• Each new mining strike brought many prospectors out west
• Most miners never got rich, lived in camps, and moved often
• Thousands of cowboys drove cattle up from Texas to RRs in Midwest
• Eventually mining & cattle ranching were dominated by big business
Part 1: The American WestSection 1C: Farmers on the Great Plains
• Congress passed the Homestead, Pacific Railway, and Morrill
acts to promote westward settlement by giving land away
• Whites, blacks, Europeans and Chinese all moved West
• Migration, technology, and big business transformed the West
• In 1890 the Census Bureau declared the frontier was “closed”
Part 2: The Second Industrial Revolution Section 2A: Industry and Railroads
• Bessemer process made steel affordable and ubiquitous allowing for
the growth of railroads, skyscrapers, and industry
• Railroads expanded greatly, reached CA in 1869, and led to the
creation of standardized time zones
• Oil boom in Texas led to creation of oil industry
Part 2: The Second Industrial Revolution Section 2B:The Rise of Big Business
• Social Darwinists applied natural selection to society
• Corporations, trusts, and tycoons
dominated industries with little
government regulation or oversight
• Retail industry was changed by the
growth of advertising, department
stores, and mail order catalogsstores, and mail order catalogs
Part 2: The Second Industrial Revolution Section 2C: Workers Organize
• By 1890, 10% of population held 75% of nation’s wealth
• Many immigrants, rural migrants, and children toiled in factories
• Labor unions such as Knights of Labor and AFL fought for workers
• Great Railroad Strike, Haymarket Riot, and Pullman strike were all
violent affairs eventually ended by government involvement
Part 2: The Second Industrial Revolution Sec. 2D: Transportation & Communication Advances
• Streetcars and subways improved mass transit while automobiles
and airplanes allowed Americans to travel far distances
• The telegraph, telephone, and typewriter improved communication
• Thomas Edison patented 1000+ inventions including the light bulb,
phonograph, and motion picture projector
Part 3: Life at the Turn of the Twentieth CenturySection 3A: New Immigrants
• 18 million “new” immigrants came to the US from Eastern and
Southern Europe between 1880-1910
• In 1910, 1 out of every 7 Americans was foreign born
• Nativist prejudice hindered many immigrants, especially Asians
Part 3: Life at the Turn of the Twentieth CenturySection 3B:Urban Life in America
• Crowded cities led to the growth of skyscrapers and urban planning
• The wealthy, middle class, and working class had very different
lifestyles and opportunities
• Jane Addams founded Hull House, the first US settlement house, to
help the poor and non-English speaking immigrants in Chicago
Part 3: Life at the Turn of the Twentieth CenturySection 3C: Political Scandal and Reform
• Political machines, like Tammany Hall in NYC, often ran city politics
• In 1883, Congress passed the Pendleton Act to reform civil service
• Economic hardship led many farmers
to organize (e.g. Grange, Farmers’
Alliance, Populist Party) and demand
government helpgovernment help
• Panic of 1893 and election of 1896
doomed farmers’ political goals
Part 3: Life at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Section 3D: Segregation and Discrimination
• Southern states passed Jim Crow laws to segregate blacks
• In Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court legalized racial segregation
• Between 1882-1892 over 900 blacks were lynched in the South
• Hispanic, Asian, and Native Americans also faced discrimination