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Chapter 5Chapter 5
Landforms and ResourcesLandforms and Resources
United States & CanadaUnited States & Canada
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Landscape Influenced Landscape Influenced DevelopmentDevelopment
• US & Canada occupy the Central & Northern 4/5 of North America.
• Largest countries in the world – 1st Russia– 2nd Canada– 3rd United States
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Landscape Influenced Landscape Influenced DevelopmentDevelopment
• Water that border the US & Canada– Atlantic Ocean (East)– Pacific Ocean (West)– Arctic Ocean (North)– Gulf of Mexico (South)
• US & Canada are– Rich in Natural Resources
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US & Canada ShareUS & Canada Share
Landforms:
1. Appalachians & Rocky Mountain Range
2. Interior Plains
Water Bodies:
1. Atlantic, Pacific & Arctic Oceans
2. Great Lakes, Niagara Falls
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LandformsLandforms
• The Eastern Lowlands
• The Appalachian Highlands
• The Interior Lowlands
• The Western Mountains, Plateaus & Basins
• The Islands
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PlainsPlainsPlainsPlains
Interior lowlands
Interior lowlands
Atla
ntic
Coa
stal
Atla
ntic
Coa
stal
Pla
ins
Pla
ins
Gulf Coastal PlainsGulf Coastal Plains
GreatGreatBasinBasin
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Eastern LowlandsEastern Lowlands
• A flat, coastal plain runs along the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.
• Piedmont– Between plains & Appalachian Mountains– Contains rolling hills & fast-flowing rivers and
streams.
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Appalachian HighlandsAppalachian Highlands
• West of the coastal plains
• Gently sloping Appalachian Mountains.
• Begin in Newfoundland to Alabama1. Extend 1,600 miles
2. More than 400 million years old
3. Eroded by the elements
4. 1200 ft - 2400 ft. elevation
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Appalachian MountainsAppalachian Mountains
• Contain these mountain ranges:1. Green Mountains
2. Catskill Mountains
3. Blue Ridge Mountains
4. Great Smokey Mountains
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Interior LowlandsInterior Lowlands
• Mainly level land covers a huge expanse of North America
• Flattened by huge glaciers thousands of years ago.
• Divided into 3 sub-regions: – The Interior Plains– The Great Plains– Canadian Shield; largest, 2 million sq.miles
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Interior PlainsInterior Plains
• 1.Between Appalachian Mts. & Mississippi River
• 2. Known as “America’s Breadbasket” – Most productive soil in the world. – Grows millions of bushels of corn, wheat
• 3. Mississippi Drainage Basin – rivers that drain into Mississippi River
• Ohio River
• Tennessee River
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RiversRiversRiversRivers
Hudson R
.
Hudson R
.
Potomac R.Potomac R.
Mississip
pi R
.M
ississipp
i R. Ohio R.Ohio R.
Missouri R
.
Missouri R
.
Arkansas R.
Arkansas R.
Colorado R.
Colorado R.
Columbia R.Columbia R.
Yukon R.Yukon R.
Rio Grande R.
Rio Grande R.
St. La
wre
nce
R.
St. La
wre
nce
R.
Platte R.
Brazos R.
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Great PlainsGreat Plains
. Between Mississippi River & Rocky Mountains
• Western part of the Mississippi watershed.
• Contains the Missouri, Platte, Arkansas, & Red Rivers
• Stretches from N. Montana to Central Texas
• Treeless region
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The Great PlainsThe Great Plains
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The Great Plains
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Canadian ShieldCanadian Shield
• Lies farther north
• Rocky & mainly flat
• 1500 ft above sea level
• Around Hudson Bay
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The Western MountainsThe Western Mountains
• Massive, rugged Rocky Mountains
• Extends 3,000 miles from Alaska to New Mexico
• Relatively young= 80 million years old
• Peaks more than 12,000 ft
• Highest peak is Mt. McKinley located in Alaska @ 20,320 feet
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The Continental The Continental DivideDivide
The Continental The Continental DivideDivide
Line of highest points in the Rockies that marks the separation b/w rivers flowing eastward and westward.
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Mountains & PlateausMountains & PlateausMountains & PlateausMountains & Plateaus
App
alac
hian
Mts
.
App
alac
hian
Mts
.
Rocky Mts.
Rocky Mts.
Cas
cade
Cas
cade
Mts
.
Mts
.
Sierra N
evada M
ts.
Sierra N
evada M
ts.
Alaskan RangeAlaskan Range
^ Mt. ^ Mt. WhitneyWhitney
^ Mt. McKinley^ Mt. McKinley
^ Pike’s Peak^ Pike’s Peak
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Bodies of WaterBodies of WaterBodies of WaterBodies of Water
Chesapeake Chesapeake BayBay
Great Great Salt LakeSalt Lake
LakeLakeOkeechobeeOkeechobee
Straits of Florida Straits of Florida
Puget sound Puget sound
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Great Salt Lake, Utah
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Lake Okeechobee, FLLake Okeechobee, FLLake Okeechobee, FLLake Okeechobee, FL
Okeechobee is Swamp Land in Southern Florida
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The IslandsThe Islands
• Canada’s northernmost lands are islands riding the icy seas near the Arctic Circle
• 3 islands are:– Ellesmere– Victoria– Baffin
• Islands created by volcanic activity– Aleutian Islands– Hawaiian Islands
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ResourcesResources
• US & Canada’s most important industries:– Agricultural– Industrial
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Great LakesGreat Lakes
– Superior
– Michigan
– Huron
– Erie
– Ontario
• These lakes & the St. Lawrence river form one of the world’s major shipping routes.
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Ocean’s & WaterwaysOcean’s & Waterways
• Mississippi River runs almost the length of the US @ 2,357 miles long.
• Main tributaries - Ohio & Missouri Rivers.
• Longest & busiest river system is Mississippi-Missouri-Ohio
• Canada’s longest river = Mackenzie River flows to Arctic Ocean
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Land & ForestsLand & Forests• Land is one of the richest natural resources due
to fertile soil.
• Leading food exporter = North America
• 1/2 Canada & 1/3 of US are covered by woodlands
• Major producers of lumber & forest products
• US has more different trees than Canada b/c of the varied climate.
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The American Landscape
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Minerals & Fossil FuelsMinerals & Fossil Fuels• Canadian shield has rich deposits of:
– Iron ore– Nickel– Copper– Gold– Uranium
• Coal - Appalachian Highlands & northern Great Plains
• Oil & Natural Gas - Great Plains, Alaska, & along the Gulf of Mexico
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Minerals & Fossil FuelsMinerals & Fossil Fuels
• The US is the Largest consumer of energy resources
• 60 % of energy imported from the middle east countries are OPEC
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Climate & VegetationClimate & Vegetation
• Most of the US lies in the mid-latitudes
• Climate are moderate
• Canada is colder b/c it lies far north
• Canada & US share similar climates along the joint border
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Colder ClimatesColder Climates
• A sub arctic climate (tundra) is along the coast of Alaska & Canada
• Permafrost would be found in Alaska
• Rocky Mountains & the Pacific ranges have highland climate & vegetation.
– See map on page 125
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Moderate ClimatesModerate Climates
• A humid continental climate can be found in central & northeastern US & southern Canada.
• Most of Canada’s population is found in the humid continental climate.
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Milder ClimatesMilder Climates
• Milder, dry and tropical climates of N. America are found south of 40º latitude.
• Much of the US is located here.
• Most southern states have a humid subtropical climate
• Great plains & northern parts of the Great Basin have Semiarid climate
• Houston has a Humid Subtropical climate
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Milder ClimatesMilder Climates
• Southern California has a Mediterranean climate
• Mojave and the Sonoran are large desert areas of the Southwest.
• Only Hawaii and southern Florida have tropical climates.
• Mount Waialeale on Hawaii is one of the wettest spots on earth. It receives about 460 inches of rain per year.
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DesertsDesertsDesertsDeserts
Mohave Mohave DesertDesert
Death Death ValleyValley
Great Great BasinBasin
Sonora Sonora DesertDesert
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Mojave Desert – 3,000’Mojave Desert – 3,000’Mojave Desert – 3,000’Mojave Desert – 3,000’
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Death Valley, CADeath Valley, CADeath Valley, CADeath Valley, CA
3.3 million acres.
95% wilderness.
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Climate – Semi-Arid - Arid
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Grand Canyon, Arizona
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Extreme WeatherExtreme Weather
• An area of extreme weather in the Great Plains is called “Tornado Alley”
• Violent thunderstorms, tornadoes and blizzards are caused by warm air from the Gulf of Mexico meeting the cold Canadian air masses.
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SettlementSettlement
• The 1st inhabitants of N. America were Nomads from Asia
• Beringia was a land bridge connecting Siberia & Alaska
• Most early Americans settled along coastlines and near rivers and streams
• About 3000 years ago agriculture replaced hunting & gathering as the primary method of food production
• Early American vegetables like corn, beans, & squash are now food staples around the world.
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Building CitiesBuilding Cities
• Early cities built mainly around water.
• Other factors that affect where cities are build include:– Climate – Weather– Landscape – Availability of natural resources
Jamestown established in May 1607
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Building CitiesBuilding Cities
• Canada’s 2nd largest city is Montréal, Quebec
• It’s located on a large island where the St. Lawrence & Ottawa rivers meet
• In order to make living easier in here, much of the city has been developed underground
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Building CitiesBuilding Cities
• Los Angeles expanded into valleys & desert like foothills to handle all the people pouring in the area
• Large populations caused air pollution, inadequate water supplies and construction on earthquake-threatened land
• Los Angeles’ metropolitan area spreads over 4,060 square miles.
• Los Angeles settled in 1781 by Spain.
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Los Angeles: The City of Los Angeles: The City of Angels?Angels?
Los Angeles: The City of Los Angeles: The City of Angels?Angels?
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Overcoming DistancesOvercoming Distances
• Obstacles faced by early settlers in moving across N. America were huge distances, large bodies of water, formidable landforms, & harsh climates.
• Early settlers carved overland trails in order to move inland called: – Oregon trail– Sante Fe Trail– National & Wilderness roads
• They also used inland waterways such as the Mississippi & Ohio Rivers.
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Inland WaterwaysInland Waterways
• They built a network of canals to connect bodies of water
• The Erie canal was the 1st navigable waterway b/w the Atlantic & the Great Lakes was built in 1825
• N. America’s most important deepwater ship route—the St. Lawrence Seaway
• It was a joint project of the US & Canada
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Great Mississippi Flood, 1993Great Mississippi Flood, 1993Great Mississippi Flood, 1993Great Mississippi Flood, 1993
St. Louis, MO before the flood
St. Louis, MO during the flood
St. Louis, MO after the flood
Mississippi River floods due to weather.
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RailroadsRailroads
• Today, the US has the world’s largest railway system
• The 1st transcontinental railroad was completed across the US in 1869.
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HighwaysHighways
• The development of automobiles spurred road building.
• The US has about 4 million miles of roads
• Canada has about 560,000 miles of roads
• The Canadians built their roads going East to West to connect principal cities, most people live in the south.
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HighwaysHighways
• Canada’s primary roadway is called The Trans-Canada Highway & stretches about 4,860 miles
• The US interstate highway system began in the 1950’s and is a network of more than 46,000 miles of roads.