Transcript
Page 1: Chapter 5 The Roman Republic. Timeline The Emergence of Rome Geography of Italy 750 miles long; 120 miles across Mountains and Plains Islands Rome Tiber

Chapter 5

The Roman Republic

Page 2: Chapter 5 The Roman Republic. Timeline The Emergence of Rome Geography of Italy 750 miles long; 120 miles across Mountains and Plains Islands Rome Tiber

Timeline

Page 3: Chapter 5 The Roman Republic. Timeline The Emergence of Rome Geography of Italy 750 miles long; 120 miles across Mountains and Plains Islands Rome Tiber

The Emergence of Rome

Geography of Italy750 miles long; 120 miles across

Mountains and Plains

Islands

RomeTiber River

Mediterranean Sea

Page 4: Chapter 5 The Roman Republic. Timeline The Emergence of Rome Geography of Italy 750 miles long; 120 miles across Mountains and Plains Islands Rome Tiber

Map 5.1: Ancient Italy

Page 5: Chapter 5 The Roman Republic. Timeline The Emergence of Rome Geography of Italy 750 miles long; 120 miles across Mountains and Plains Islands Rome Tiber

The Greeks, Etruscans, and Early Rome

The Greeks Arrived between 750 – 550 B.C.Influence on Romans

The EtruscansOriginsUrbanization

Early RomeRomulus and Remus (753 B.C.)MonarchyEtruscan influenceFounding of the Republic (c. 509 B.C.)

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The Roman State

Political InstitutionsConsuls and Praetors

• Imperium

Specialized Officials• Quaestors, Aediles,

Censors

Roman Senate• 300 Men served for life

Centuriate Assembly

Social OrganizationPaterfamilias

Clientage

Patricians and Plebeians

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The Struggle of the Orders

Political Inequality

Plebeians withdraw from the state (494 B.C.)Tribunes of the Plebs

Council of the Plebs

Plebiscita

The Twelve Tables of Law (450 B.C.)

Hortensian Law (287 B.C.)

Consequences of the struggle between the orders

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The Roman Conquest of Italy

LivyConquest of the Samnites (beginning c. 340 B.C.)Roman Confederation

Citizenship

Opportunistic ExpansionRoadsObligatory Military Service

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Roman Roads in Italy, c. 100 B.C.

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Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean (264 – 133 B.C.)

The Struggle with CarthageFirst Punic War (264 – 241 B.C.)

• Roman conquest of Sicily

Second Punic War (218 – 205 B.C.)• Hannibal

Invasion of Italy Battle of Cannae (216 B.C.)

• Battle of Zama• Roman conquest of Spain

Third Punic War (149 – 146 B.C.)• Cato• Carthage destroyed

Page 11: Chapter 5 The Roman Republic. Timeline The Emergence of Rome Geography of Italy 750 miles long; 120 miles across Mountains and Plains Islands Rome Tiber

Map 5.2: Roman Conquests in the Mediterranean, 264-133 B.C.

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The Eastern Mediterranean & Roman Imperialism

The Eastern MediterraneanGreek support for CarthageMacedonia made Roman province (148 B.C.)Corinth destroyed (146 B.C.)Acquisition of Pergamum (133 B.C.)

The Nature of Roman ImperialismOpportunistic expansionWillful expansion

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Roman Religion

Religion and the State

Adoption of New DeitiesGreco-Roman Religion

Rituals

Omens

Household Cults

Religious Festivals

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The Temple of Diana – Nimes, Southern France

Page 15: Chapter 5 The Roman Republic. Timeline The Emergence of Rome Geography of Italy 750 miles long; 120 miles across Mountains and Plains Islands Rome Tiber

Education: The Importance of Rhetoric

Rome had no public education

Greek StudiesRhetoric and philosophy

Schools

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Schoolmaster and Pupils

Page 17: Chapter 5 The Roman Republic. Timeline The Emergence of Rome Geography of Italy 750 miles long; 120 miles across Mountains and Plains Islands Rome Tiber

The Growth of Slavery

Slaves from conquestsSlave Occupations

Latifundia

Treatment of SlavesSlave LawsSlave Revolts

Revolt in Sicily (104 – 101 B.C.)Revolt by Spartacus (73 B.C.)

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Roman Family, Roman LawThe Roman Family

Paterfamilias• Authority • Arranged marriages

Divorce

• Education of daughters

The Evolution of Roman LawThe Twelve Tables (450 B.C.)PraetorsLaw of NationsLaw of Nature

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A Roman Lady

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The Development of Literature and Art

LiteraturePlautus (c. 254 – 184 B.C.)Terence (185 – 159 B.C.)

Latin ProseInfluence of Hellenistic ArtValues and Attitudes

Cato the Elder (234 – 149 B.C.)Scipio Aemilianus (185 – 129 B.C.)

Page 21: Chapter 5 The Roman Republic. Timeline The Emergence of Rome Geography of Italy 750 miles long; 120 miles across Mountains and Plains Islands Rome Tiber

The Pont du Gard – Roman AqueductProvence, France

Page 22: Chapter 5 The Roman Republic. Timeline The Emergence of Rome Geography of Italy 750 miles long; 120 miles across Mountains and Plains Islands Rome Tiber

Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic (133 – 31 B.C.)

Power of the SenateControl of the Nobiles (Governing Class)

OptimatesPopulares

Rule of the EquestriansThe Land Problem

Latifundias

Tiberius Gracchus (163 – 133 B.C.)Gaius Gracchus (153 – 121 B.C.)

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A New Role for the Roman Army: Marius and Sulla

Marius (consul 107, 104 – 100 B.C.)Military reforms

Lucius Cornelius Sulla (dictator 82 – 79 B.C.)

Seizes power using the army

Reign of terror against opponents

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The Death of the RepublicThe Rise of PompeyRole of Marcus Tullius Cicero ( 106 – 43 B.C.)First Triumvirate (Crassus, Pompey and Caesar)Julius Caesar (100 – 44 B.C.)

Conquest of Gaul (Modern France)Crosses the Rubicon River (49 B.C.)Defeats PompeyDictator in 47 B.C.; Dictator for Life in 44 B.C.Reconstitutes SenateAssassinated (44 B.C.)

Octavian and Marc AntonyCleopatra Queen of EgyptBattle of Actium (31 B.C.)Marc Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide

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Map 5.3: Roman Dominions in the Late Republic, 31 B.C.

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Literature in the Late Republic

Catullus (born c. 82 B.C.)

Lucretius (c. 94 – 55 B.C.)

Cicero (106 – 43 B.C.)

Sallust (86 – 35 B.C.)

Caesar (100 – 44 B.C.)

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Discussion QuestionsWhy were the Romans able to defeat or subdue all their enemies in the Italian peninsula?What were the keys to the Roman defeat of Carthage during the Punic Wars?What influence did Greece and other Italian peoples have on the Romans?What was the nature of Roman Imperialism?Did slavery have a positive or negative effect on the Roman Republic?What factors brought about the downfall of the Roman Republic?

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Web Links

The Mysterious Etruscans

Internet Ancient History Sourcebook - Rome

Encyclopedia Mythica: Roman Mythology

Rome Exposed

Hannibal Barca and the Punic Wars

Resisting Slavery in Ancient Rome

The Glory that was Rome

Julius Caesar: The Last Dictator


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