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Chapter-7 Introduction to Cloud Computing Cloud Computing

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Definition: Cloud itself is a set of hardware, software, networks, storage, services, and interfaces that enable the delivery of computing as a service. Cloud services include the delivery of software, infrastructure, and storage over the internet( either as separate components or a complete platform) based on user demand. The world of the cloud has lots of participants: End user- Dont really have to know anything about the underlying technology. Business management- Needs to take responsibility for overall governance of data or services Cloud service provider- responsible for IT assets and maintenance.

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Overall the cloud embodies the following four basic characteristics. Elasticity and the ability to scale up and down Self service provisioning and automatic deprovisioning Application programming interfaces(APIs) Billing and metering of service usage in a pay-as-you go model. Elasticity:- user can request additional resources on demand and just as easily deprovision those resources when they are no longer needed.

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Cloud Computing : Cloud Computing makes computer infrastructure and services available "on-need" basis. The computing infrastructure could include hard disk, development platform, database, computing power or complete software applications. To access these resources from the cloud vendors, organizations do not need to make any large scale capital expenditures. Organization need to "pay per use" i.e. organization need to pay only as much for the computing infrastructure as they use. The billing model of cloud computing is similar to the electricity payment that we do on the basis of usage.

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Self service provisioning :- Customer can easily get cloud services without going through a lengthy process. The customer simply request an amount of computing, storage, software, process, or other resources from the service provider. Contrast this on-demand response with the process at a typical data center. When a department is about to implement a new application, it has to submit a request to the data center for additional computing hardware, software, services, or process resources.

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Cloud Computing has the following characteristics: Availability of large computing infrastructure on need basis: Cloud vendors provide appearance of infinite computing infrastructure availability. This is available to organizations on need basis. This ensures that organizations do not need to set up servers for their peak requirements. As an example consider the official Wimbledon site. The site gets extremely high traffic in the two weeks when the championship happens. For this two weeks period this site will have high server usage. For rest of the year the site will need to only pay for the reduced usage. In general organizations do not need to bear the cost of computing infrastructure for their peak loads. The usage of computing resources can be increased or reduced on need basis, is called elastic computing.official Wimbledon site

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Cloud computing uses a "pay-per-use" billing model. Cloud billing model are very different when compared to traditional IT billing techniques. Typical billing models include per user billing, per GB billing or per-use billing (i.e. an organization is billed on each usage of the computing service). Cloud computing typically does not involve long-term commitment to use the computing infrastructure. The vendor does not enforce long-term usage of services. Cloud computing does not involve any significant capital expenditure for the organization. Unlike traditional IT infrastructure, in cloud computing organizations just use the computing services without procuring it. In some sense cloud computing involves renting the computing resources instead of buying them. As the figure below displays, unlike traditional computing model, Cloud computing requires no capital expenditure to acquire initial computing resources. The figure below is from cloud computing wiki.cloud computing wiki

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Since the cloud computing vendor provides services over the web, these are available from any location. Cloud computing can be ordered online without detailed formal contracts. Cloud computing provides a level-playing field for smaller organizations. It allows smaller organization access to computing infrastructure without making any significant initial investment. As an example Mozy online storage provides online backup using cloud computing model.Mozy online storage Many experts believe that cloud computing will lead to increased commoditization of computing resources.

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Examples of Cloud Computing applications Hotmail.com was launched in 1996, It is widely considered as the first cloud computing application. The data is stored at the vendor servers, and users could pay incrementally to increase disk space usage. Many other services have emerged in the last decade that allows users to store information (or perform processing) without paying any upfront charges. These are typically consumer oriented services. Twitter, myspace, Wikipedia, youtube, facebook, linkedin, Google docs and blogger all have the characteristics are examples of cloud computing. Companies that provide Hosting services for diskspace storage, images, emails are all examples of cloud computing Hotmail.comHosting services

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Salesforce.com, founded in 1999, was the first successful example of providing software as a service in the business to business domain. Salesforce is a CRM tool for sales executives providing features like managing customer details, running promotions etc. Salesforce.com Google and Microsoft provide development platforms that can be accessed with "pay-per-use" billing model. All these services are examples of Cloud computing. GoogleMicrosoft Amazon.com was one of the first vendors to provide storage space and computing resources following the cloud computing model. Amazon.com

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Comparing cloud providers with traditional IT providers Traditional IT service providers operate the hardware, software, networks, and storage for its clients. While the customer pays the licensing fees for the software, the IT service provider manages the overall environment. The service provider operates the infrastructure in its own facilities. With the Traditional IT service provider, the customer signs a long-term contract that specifies mutually agreed-upon service levels. These IT providers typically customize an environment to meet the needs of one customer.

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Contd.. In the cloud model, the service provider might still operate the infrastructure in its own facilities. However, the infrastructure might be virtualized across the globe, meaning that you may not know where your computing resources, applications, or even data actually reside. Additionally, these service providers are designing their infrastructure for scale, meaning that there isnt necessarily a lot of customization going on.

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Performance monitoring and measuring A service management environment is an integrated approach for managing your physical environments and IT systems. This environment must be able to maintain the required service level for that organization. Service management has to monitor and optimize the service or sets of services. Service management has to consider key issues, such as performance of the overall system, including security and performance.

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Supporting Business Agility One of the most immediate benefits of cloud-based infrastructure services is the ability to add new infrastructure capacity quickly and at lower costs. Therefore, cloud services allow the business to gain IT resources in a self service manager, thus saving time and money. A typical cloud service provider has economies of scale (cost advantages resulting in the ability to spread fixed costs over more customers) that the typical corporation lacks.