Download - Chapter 8 Implementing Disaster Recovery and High Availability Hands-On Virtual Computing
Chapter 8 Implementing Disaster Recovery
and High Availability
Hands-On Virtual Computing
Hands-On Virtual Computing
Objectives
• Describe backup and recovery concepts for virtual machines
• Use VMware Server and Hyper-V to back up and recover virtual machines
• Plan a high-availability system that uses clustering
• Use VMware Server and Hyper-V to set up clustering
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Understanding Backup and Recovery Concepts for Virtual Machines
• Offline backups– Stable backups are created during downtime, when
files are closed and offline to user access
• Quiesced online backup (warm backup)– Backing up applications while they are in use
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Backup Types
• Archive attribute – Enabled when the file is created or a change is made
to the file
• Full backup – Backs up all selected files and folders and clears the
archive attribute on these files and folders
• Incremental backup – Backs up only files that have changed since the last
full or incremental backup
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Backup Types (continued)
• Differential backup – Backs up only the files changed since the last full
backup took place
• Daily backup– Uses the file’s modified date to copy selected files
that have been modified on the day the daily backup is performed
• Copy backup– Identical to a full backup but does not clear the
archive attribute for any files and folders it backs up
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Making Backups with the Volume Shadow Copy Service
• Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) – Consistent shadow copies of data files can be
backed up and restored reliably
• VMware Server and Hyper-V – Compatible with VSS backups– Allows virtual machines to be backed up while
running
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Developing a Backup and Recovery Strategy
• Running servers as virtual machines – Makes the backup and restore processes much
easier
• When performing regular backups of virtual servers from the host computer – Log files on a virtual server do not show it has been
backed up
• Good backup plan – Should include a backup of each virtual machine’s
files made from the host computer
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Implementing Backup and Recovery Systems
• Drawback of using Windows Server Backup – Is limited to backing up entire volumes, so you can
not select specific folders to include or exclude from the backup
– System volume (drive C) must be included in all backups
– Can select only full or incremental backup types
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Hands-On Virtual Computing
Installing the Windows Server Backup Software
• Activity 8-1: Installing Windows Server Backup
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Install Windows Server Backup on a virtual machine
• Requirements: The Windows Server 2008 Child 1 virtual machine created in Chapter 7; VMware Server or Hyper-V
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Hands-On Virtual Computing
Backing Up Virtual Machines
• Before performing a manual or one-time backup– You must run a scheduled backup to provision
(allocate) the disks
• To perform a scheduled backup– Start Windows Server Backup from the
Administrative Tools menu
• Creating a scheduled backup in Windows Server Backup – Enables you to automate the backup process
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Backing Up Virtual Machines (continued)
• Activity 8-2: Performing a Windows Server 2008 Scheduled Backup
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Use Windows Server Backup to perform a scheduled backup
• Requirements: Completion of Activity 8-1
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Backing Up Virtual Machines from the Host
• VSS Writer service– Interacts with VMware Tools on virtual servers when
making a backup– Can notify the virtual server and applications of the
backup process and update log files
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Backing Up Virtual Machines from the Host (continued)
• Activity 8-3: Enabling the VMware VSS Writer Service
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Configure the VSS Writer service for VMware Server
• Requirements: VMware Server running on Windows Vista
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• Activity 8-4: Backing Up Virtual Machines from the Host
• Time Required: 20 minutes
• Objective: Back up a virtual machine from the host computer with Vista Backup
• Requirements: Windows Vista and completion of Activity 8-3; a second partition on the Vista computer’s removable drive with at least 12 GB free space for storing the backup
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Backing Up Virtual Machines from the Host (continued)
Understanding High Availability for Virtual Machines
• High availability – Uses computing technology to allow computers to
work together in a group called a cluster
• Cluster – Uses multiple computers to provide protected
applications and shared data to client computers
• Failover – Makes applications available immediately through
another computer in the cluster
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Windows Server 2008 Clustering Components and Concepts
• Clustering– Should provide high availability of servers through
redundancy
• Cluster components– Shared cluster storage– Two private networks used only by cluster nodes– Public network that connects cluster nodes to clients
and other network resources
• Storage area network (SAN)– Private network that uses a dedicated, high speed
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Windows Server 2008 Clustering Components and Concepts (continued)• iSCSI
– Allows clustered computers to send SCSI-formatted data requests to the network-attached cluster device via IP packets
• Logical unit numbers (LUNs)– Used to identify a disk or volume that is mapped to a
drive letter on a clustered server
• iSCSI target– Storage device displaying a LUN
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Hands-On Virtual Computing
• iSCSI initiator– Clustered server connecting to the storage device
with a LUN
• Cluster heartbeat– A signal between cluster nodes for determining node
status
• Stretch clustering – Support clusters with nodes running on different
networks
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Windows Server 2008 Clustering Components and Concepts (continued)
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Hands-On Virtual Computing
Windows Server 2008 Clustering Components and Concepts (continued)
• Load balancing– User requests can be handled by multiple cluster
nodes
• Active/passive cluster– Only one cluster node hosts the application at any
time
• Failback– Service or application is moved back to its original
server automatically when the server is brought back as an active node in the cluster
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Clustering Hyper-V Virtual Servers for Quick Migration and Failover
• To set up clustering with Hyper-V– You need to move virtual machine files to a shared
storage device, and then enable Hyper-V as a clustered service on each cluster node
• Quick migration – Cluster process in which you move a service
manually from the primary host to another cluster host
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Using Clustering with Virtual Machines
• Planning cluster networks– To build a cluster, you need three networks
• Private network dedicated to the cluster
• Private network dedicated to the iSCSI SAN
• Third network for general use
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Planning Cluster Networks
• Activity 8-5: Planning the Cluster Configuration
• Time Required: 20 minutes
• Objective: Gather information for planning a cluster
• Requirements: The Windows Server 2008 Child 1 and Child 2 virtual servers created in Chapter 7
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Preparing Servers for Clustering
• Activity 8-6: Installing Active Directory on the Domain Controller
• Time Required: 20 minutes
• Objective: Install Active Directory on a Windows Server 2008 domain controller
• Requirements: Completion of Activity 8-5; Windows Server 2008 running on the host computer
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Preparing Servers for Clustering (continued)
• Activity 8-7: Adding a Member Server to the Domain
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Configure a member server.
• Requirements: Completion of Activities 8-5 and 8-6
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Installing an iSCSI Target
• Activity 8-8: Installing iSCSI Emulator Software
• Time Required: 20 minutes
• Objective: Download and install iSCSI emulator software on your designated iSCSI target
• Requirements: Completion of Activities 8-5 through 8-7; access to the Internet from the iSCSI target
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Installing an iSCSI Target (continued)
• Activity 8-9: Creating Shared iSCSI Target Devices
• Time Required: 20 minutes
• Objective: Create shared iSCSI target devices
• Requirements: Completion of Activity 8-8; 2 GB free disk space on the iSCSI target computer
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Installing an iSCSI Target (continued)
• Activity 8-10: Connecting Servers to the iSCSI Target Device
• Time Required: 20 minutes
• Objective: Use Windows Server 2008 iSCSI Initiator to connect to a shared iSCSI target device
• Requirements: Completion of Activities 8-5 through 8-9
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Installing the Failover Clustering Service
• Activity 8-11: Installing the Failover Clustering Service
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Install the Failover Clustering service
• Requirements: Completion of Activities 8-5 through 8-10
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Creating Cluster Configurations
• Activity 8-12: Creating a Cluster Configuration
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Use the Failover Cluster Management snap-in to create a cluster
• Requirements: Completion of Activity 8-11
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Creating Cluster Configurations (continued)
• Activity 8-13: Configuring a Clustered Service
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Configure the File Server service as a clustered service
• Requirements: Completion of Activity 8-12
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Creating Cluster Configurations (continued)
• Activity 8-14: Moving the File Server Service to Another Cluster Node
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Move a clustered service from one node to another
• Requirements: Completion of Activity 8-13
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Creating Cluster Configurations (continued)
• Activity 8-15: Shutting Down the Cluster Service
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Use the Failover Cluster Management snap-in to shut down the cluster service and return the member server to a stand-alone server
• Requirements: Completion of Activity 8-14
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Summary
• Offline backups– Back up closed files and applications
• Backups can be categorized as full, incremental, or differential
• Full backup – Backs up all files on a selected volume
• Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) – Uses the quiesce process to create a shadow copy
of a file or database
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Summary (continued)
• Both VMware Server and Hyper-V – Are compatible with VSS backups, allowing virtual
machines to be backed up while running
• When backing up virtual machines– You can store backups on virtual hard disks
• Windows Server Backup – Backup software included with Windows Server 2008
• Cluster – Provides protected applications and shared data to
client computers
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Hands-On Virtual Computing
Summary (continued)
• If any computer in the cluster fails– The failover process ensures availability of
applications and data
• Cluster components– Some form of shared storage, private networks used
only by cluster nodes, and a public network
• Quick migration – Cluster process in which you move a service
manually from the primary host to another cluster host
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