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Chapter 9, Section
World GeographyWorld Geography
Chapter 9
Regional Atlas:Introduction to Latin America
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
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Chapter 9, Section
World GeographyWorld Geography
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Chapter 9: Regional Atlas: Introduction to Latin America
Section 1: Historic Overview
Section 2: Physical Characteristics
Section 3: Climates
Section 4: Ecosystems
Section 5: People and Cultures
Section 6: Economics, Technology, and Environment
Section 7: Database
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Chapter 9, Section 1
Historical OverviewHistorical Overview
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Chapter 9, Section 1
Historical OverviewHistorical Overview
• Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas established civilizations in Mexico and South America.
• Spain and Portugal carved out empires in which cultural convergence combined Native American, European, and African traditions.
• After independence in the early 1800s, democracy did not follow.• In the 1900s, many countries moved toward democratic reforms.• Latin Americans worked to achieve substantial economic gains in
the 1900s.
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Chapter 9, Section 2
Physical CharacteristicsPhysical Characteristics
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Chapter 9, Section 2
Physical CharacteristicsPhysical Characteristics
• Mountain ranges that form part of the Ring of Fire run the length of Latin America, and earthquakes and volcanoes are common.
• The Amazon Basin and the pampas in southeastern South America are the largest lowland areas of Latin America.
• Caribbean islands are either the tops of underwater mountains or cays formed by the accumulation of coral.
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Chapter 9, Section 3
ClimatesClimates
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Chapter 9, Section
Atmospheric and oceanic currents affect climate in Latin America.
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ClimatesClimates
• Tropical wet and tropical wet and dry climates cover most of Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America.
• Humid subtropical climate covers much of Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
• The west coast of Peru and northern Chile is drier, with mostly arid and semiarid climate zones.
• Mediterranean and marine west coast climates run along southern Chile.
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Chapter 9, Section 4
EcosystemsEcosystems
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Chapter 9, Section
The largest ecosystems in Latin America are the tropical forests and tropical grasslands.
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EcosystemsEcosystems
• Tropical rain forests and tropical grasslands cover much of South America, Central America, and the Caribbean islands.
• The arid areas to the west of the Andes and in northern Mexico are mostly desert.
• In higher elevations, vegetation varies with altitude.
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Chapter 9, Section
Most people in Latin America have ancestry of European, Native American, or
African descent.
People and CulturesPeople and Cultures
• Most people in South America live on the coasts or along rivers.
• Brazilian cities have grown dramatically as people have migrated in search of jobs.
• Migration patterns have created great ethnic and cultural diversity.
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Chapter 9, Section 6
Economies, Technology, and EnvironmentEconomies, Technology, and Environment
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Chapter 9, Section
Latin American economies are based on agriculture, but they are diversifying to include industry.
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Economies, Technology, and EnvironmentEconomies, Technology, and Environment
• Traditionally, Latin American economies have been based on cash crops.
• Most mining is done in the Andes and in the highlands of Mexico and of Central America.
• Increased farming in the Amazon is reducing the rainforest.
• Most oil is extracted in Mexico and in northern South America.
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Chapter 9, Section
DatabaseDatabase
• As the number of state-owned businesses in Mexico’s market economy has dwindled, the GDP per capita has steadily grown.
• Cuba’s command economy declined significantly after the loss of aid from the former Soviet Union.
• Brazil’s economy was boosted by the launch of MERCOSUR, but excessive spending resulted in rising debt and budget deficits.
• Honduras’s traditional economy was growing at a moderate pace until the country was devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1999.
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