Chapter 9Chapter 9
Election of 1800
•Federalists supported John Adams•Republicans supported Thomas Jefferson
•Letter writing campaign
Election of 1800•Tied Vote between Jefferson and his
running mate Aaron Burr•House of Representatives decided
•Passed 12 Amendment–Requires electors to vote for the president and vice president on separate ballots
Monticello
Jefferson’s Inauguration
•3rd President•Jefferson tried to bridge the gap
between the developing political parties & reach out to Federalist with healing words
•Laissez-faire- let the people do as they choose (lazy government)
Jefferson’s Polices•Strength of government was the farmers-people who owned land
•Expand Westward•Federal government kept small•Supported states rights
Jefferson’s Cabinet
President Thomas Jefferson 1801, 1805
Vice PresidentAaron Burr
George Clinton18011805
Secretary of State James Madison 1801
Secretary of War Henry Dearborn 1801
Secretary of the TreasurySamuel DexterAlbert Gallatin
18011801
Attorney GeneralLevi Lincoln
John C. BreckinridgeCaesar A. Rodney
180118051807
Secretary of the Navy Robert Smith 1801
Judiciary Act of 1801
•Creates the Federal Court System
•Set up regional courts for the US with 16 judges and many other officials
•Before Adams left office he appointed new judges
•Letters had to be delivered, yet not all arrived before Jefferson took office
•He stopped the undelivered letters and appointed new people
•William Marbury never received his letter
“Midnight Judges”
Marbury v. Madison•Court case of 1803•Supreme Court of the US established
its authority to review government actions that conflict with the Constitution
•1st time-judicial review was used•1st time - Supreme Court declared
something to be unconstitutional•John Marshall
•Federal courts to decide if state and federal laws are unconstitutional
•Gave the Supreme Court the power to be the final authority in what the Constitution means
•Basic part of our checks and balances system
Judicial Review
Government Should•Custom Duties-taxes on foreign
imported goods•Limited the government:
–Collecting custom duties–Delivering mail–Census every 10 yrs
Conestoga Wagons
Conestoga Wagons
Louisiana Territory•Who Owned: 1st France, 2nd
Spain, 3rd France (4th US)•Now that France owns, worried
about the port of New Orleans & the Mississippi River
French Threat•Napoleon Bonaparte had plans for empires in Europe & America
•We offered to buy just New Orleans and West Florida
for $10 million•Said NO!!
The Nation DoublesDoubles
•Charles de Talleyrand informed the American diplomats that the entire Louisiana Territory was for sale
•SOLD for $15 million•DOUBLES our size
In 1803 United States President Thomas Jefferson paid Napoleon Bonaparte of
France $15 million for about 2.1 million sq km (about 800,000 sq mi) of land west of
the Mississippi River. This purchase doubled the size of the United States.
LEWIS AND CLARK
Lewis and Clark•Exploration of the American West
and Pacific Northwest, May 1804 – Sept 1806.
•Led by army officers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.
•Sent by Pres. Jefferson
Lewis and Clark•Covered a total of about 8,000 mi, from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean and back.
•Jefferson believed in a Northwest Passage or some kind of water connection between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
Lewis and Clark•Goal of the expedition was to locate such a water route
•Made peaceful contact with Indians
•Gained wealth of knowledge about the peoples, geography, plants, and animals
United States president Thomas Jefferson commissioned the Lewis and Clark expedition that began in 1804. This painting by shows Shoshone guide Sacagawea leading the way for American
explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. They traveled from St. Louis, Missouri, to the Columbia
River where it meets the Pacific Ocean.
Sacagawea 1787?-1812•Shoshone Native American
woman
•Accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition
•She helped persuade many Indian tribes of their peaceful intentions
•Acted as an interpreter
Pike’s Expedition
•Zebulon Pike set out to explore
•Mississippi River to Colorado•Snow capped mountain-Pike’s peak
Secede or Withdraw
•Many Federalists opposed the Louisiana Purchase and threatened to secede
•New England into “Northern Confederacy”
“The Duel” Burr & Hamilton
•Burr was defeated in the governor race of New York
•Burr forced Hamilton into a duel•Met in Weehawken, New Jersey•Hamilton was mortally wounded
and died the next day.
Freedom of the Seas
•People needed our trade•Remained neutral (not take sides) during France and Britain's war
Problems with Britain•Kidnapped American sailors•Impressment•Attack the ship Chesapeake•Passed the Embargo Act
–Prohibited trade with other countries
–HURT US-overturned
New President
•James Madison 4th President•“Father of the Constitution”
Tecumseh•Built a confederacy among
Native Americans of the Northwest
•Alliance with Canada•HATED America• Joined forces with the British•When he died, so did his dreams
Indian Problems•Battle of Tippecanoe
–Gen.William Henry Harrison
•Harrison’s nickname–Used in Presidential Race 1840
–Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too
War Hawks•Group of young Republicans
elected to Congress in 1810•Pressured the president, James
Madison to declare war on Britain•Nationalism- loyalty to a nation
and promotion of its interest above all others
•Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
War Hawks
War of 1812•United States vs. Britain 1812-1815 •Protect American ships on the high
seas & to stop the British from impressing or seizing U.S. sailors
•U.S. ships were being stopped and searched by both Great Britain and France, who were fighting each other in Europe.
War of 1812•Needed to prevent Britain from
forming alliances with Native Americans on the American frontier.
•“second war of independence” •opportunity for Americans to
defend their freedom and honor in the face of European disrespect
Battles•Battle of Thames-Tecumseh killed•Battle of Horseshoe Bend-Andrew
Jackson•Attack on Washington D.C.•Battle of Lake Champlain•Battle of New Orleans- Andrew
Jackson became a HERO!!
Other•Treaty of Ghent- ended the war
•Hartford Convention–Weakened the Federalist Party–The public lost respect
Key PeopleFrancis Scott Key
–National Anthem–Star Spangled Banner–Written while at Fort McHenry
Dolly Madison–Helped save documents & paintings
Vocabulary•Nationalism-Loyalty to ones country
•Frigates- Warships•Privateers-Armed private ships
War of 1812
Battle of New Orleans
Helped Andrew Jackson win Presidency
Attack on Washington D.C.
Commodore Perry