113
CHAPTER –V
AGRO-ECONOMY OF MAHARASHTRA AND FLORICULTURE
5.1.0 AGRO-ECONOMY OF MAHARASHTRA
5.2.0 LAND USE AND CROPPING PATTERN
5.30 FLORICULTURE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH
NATIONAL HORTICULTURE MISSION
5.4.0 ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIONAL HORTICULTURE
MISSION
5.5.0 FLOWER PRODUCTION UNDER OPEN FIELD
5.6.0 CONCLUDING OBSERVARTIONS
114
MAP.NO.2
MAHARASHATRA
115
Chapter –V
Agro-Economy of Maharashtra and Floriculture
Introduction
Previous chapter deal`s with floriculture development of India and we got
information regarding history, origin, development stages and also recent scenario. This
chapter deals with floriculture status of Maharashtra. The state Maharashtra is one of the
largest states in India in terms of gross cropped area (GCA) and population while
accounting for about 9 per cent of India`s population, the state contributes over 20per
cent in India`s industrial output and about 13 per cent in India`s GDP over the last 50
years1. Maharashtra is a leading state in agriculture and now emerging as an important
horticultural state in country. Different type of soil, suitable agro-climatic condition,
adequate technical work force, well developed markets transport and communication
facilities, increasing trend in drip irrigation, greenhouses, use of cool chain facilities and
progressive farmer organization offer wide opportunities for growing different
horticultural crops. Floriculture in the state is of recent origin. Until recent past,
floriculture in the state confined to the traditional flowers alone. However, the private
sector has now entered this field on a very large scale with greenhouse technologies. The
agriculture sector of Maharashtra has undergone lot of changes. One of the significant
change that take place in the cropping pattern of state especially development in
horticulture crops. Area under fruit and vegetable crops has increased and recently there
has been a seen increasing trend in floriculture area and production. Maharashtra is one
116
of the leading flower producers in the country. The state has varying soil types and agro-
climatic conditions, which offer tremendous scope for floriculture2. District like Pune,
Nasik, Aurangabad, Sangli, Satara, Kolhapur, Thane and Nagpur are well known for
flower cultivation. Pune, Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur and Nasik are well developing hi-tech
floriculture district. Whereas. Pune, Thane, Nasik Ahmednagar, Nagpur and Nanded are
famous for open flower cultivation. The principal flowers grown in Maharashtra are
marigold, rose, tuberose, chrysanthemum, gladioli, aster, jasmine, kagda, mogra, gerbera,
carnation etc. The state policy has promoted green house culture as well as open field
cultivation of flowers. Special programmes have introduced recently for the development
of horticulture, after 1990, programmes focused on the upliftment of horticultural
activities. As a result, production of fruits and vegetables goes up, then floriculture
identified as focus segment and ultimately policies promoted it. Geographical structure
and agro-climatic condition is favorable for flower production. At present production of
traditional flower like marigold, shewanti, aster, tuberose, gaillardia, rose cultivated with
large amount. Production under controlled condition has been increasing rapidly. The
growth rate of area under open field and controlled condition are increasing by 10 to 11
per cent3. This chapter deals with features of agro-economy of Maharashtra, present
status of floriculture, agriculture policy, National Horticulture Mission, area expansion
programme, etc. Accordingly, this chapter presents an account of the floriculture status of
Maharashtra as below.
5.1.0 Agro-Economy of Maharashtra
In 1960, the state of Maharashtra has established. At present, state has 35 districts
with 357 tahsils, 378 towns, 15 corporations and 43,711 villages. There are eight
agriculture divisions i.e. Kokan, Pune, Kolhapur, Nasik, Aurangabad, Latur, Nagpur, and
Amravati. State occupied 307713 square km area with720 km. length of coastline.
117
According to census 2001, state recorded 9, 68, 79,000 aggregate population, of which
57.57 per cent of rural while 42.43 per cent of urban area with 76.88 per cent literacy
rate. During 1991-2001population of Maharashtra increased by 22.73 per cent4.
5.1.1 Agro-climatic Features
State lies between 15.45 to 22.0 North latitude (degrees) and 72.45 to 80.45 East
altitude. There are four major areas i.e. Western Maharashtra, Vidarbha, Marathwada and
Kokan. There is great deal of variation in rainfall in the state and agriculture is mainly
rain fed. The state has an average rainfall about 100 cm. The Western Ghats, Kokan,
Thane, Ratnagiri, receive 300cm rainfall, areas like Nasik, Pune, Ahmednagar, Beed,
Nanded and Usmanabad get 75 to 100 cm rainfalls while Amravati, Yawatmal, Buldhana,
Akola, receiving about 75 cm rainfalls5.
The state has varied type of soil i.e. red, late-rite, black, alluvial soil. The red soil
is exclusively prevalent in Western Ghats and Coastal areas. Whereas, the other types of
soil are prevalent almost in all region of the state with only about 16.8 per cent of its
cultivable land being irrigated as compared to the national average of 33 per cent6.
Maharashtra's agro-climatic condition feverous promotion of less water intensive crops
like horticultural crops mainly fruits. Progressive farmers adopted micro irrigation system
with hi- technique.
It estimated that even if the irrigation potential were completely utilized around
60-70 per cent of net sown area in the state would continue to remain depend on rain. The
alternative to sustain agriculture and enable this sector to make a positive contribution to
the state as the nation income is to diversity the cropping pattern into high value crops.
Both the State as well as the Central Government has recognized this, recently. The idea
that agricultural export expanded through greenhouse floriculture is desirable and
identified it is successful. Many studies found that, the floriculture production, domestic
118
consumption and export increased continually. The past study concluded that, even a
holder of very small area could derive benefits from flower cultivation as compare to
other ordinary crops.
Maharashtra`s soil, topography and climate shows a definite potential and scope
for various horticultural crops. A number of horticultural development programmes have
launched by the state, namely the National Horticulture Mission and other various
Government Schemes, along with productions and export intensives.
5.2.0 Land use and cropping pattern
The first, the foremost and the most important factor in agriculture is land.
Knowledge of it as also of crops grown on it is vital to an understanding of the basic
elements of agriculture. Hence, the study that follows depends upon land, its use, crops
and their pattern. Data regarding the number and size of operational holdings in
Maharashtra is presented in Table 5.1.
Table-5.1 Number, area and average size of operational holding of Maharashtra
Sr.No. Size
Class(Ha)
Number of
Operational Holding
(00 HA)
Area of Operational
Holding ( 00 HA)
Average size of
operational holding
(HA)
1 Below 0.5 27352(22.6) 7303(3.6) 0.27
2 0.5-1.0 25528(21.9) 19,105(15.7) 0.75
3 1.0-2.0 35954(29.7) 51,153(25.4) 1.42
4 2.0-3.0 15745(13.0) 13307(6.6) 2.37
4 3.0-4.0 6924(5.7) 23594(11.7) 3.34
6 4.0-5.0 3766(3.1) 16651(8.3) 4.42
7 5.0-10 4849(4.0) 31920(15.9) 6.58
8 10.-20 768(0.6) 9898(4.9) 12.89
9 20.0and
above
96(0.07) 3684(1.8) 38.37
Total 121002(100) 200615(100) 1.66
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
Source: Season and crop report (2002) published by Department of Agriculture,
Government of Maharashtra, Pune-5
119
Average size of operational holding of Maharashtra has shown 1.66 per cent. The
number and area of operational holding was maximum in 1.0 to 2.0 size classes, which
were 29.7 and 25.4 per cent respectively, whereas, high-class size group shown number
and area of operational holdings were 0.07 & 1.8 per cent respectively which were less
but average size shown very high size group that is 38.37 per cent.
5.2.1 Land use pattern
The land utilization pattern have presenting its existing availability, the
possibilities of augmenting, its quantity and making the best of what is available.
Therefore, state of Maharashtra‟s land utilization pattern has presented in Table 5.2 it
indicates the percentage change of land use pattern over base year 1960-61. It observed
that net sown area of period II extended by 3.84 per cent, while, it was -2.50 of period III,
over the base year. Gross cropped area extended by 9.87 and 12.14 per cent during period
II &III respectively. Whereas, gross irrigated area was 15.1 per cent at period II (1990-91)
which shows 16.8 per cent at period III (2005-06) & net growth was only 1.7 per cent of
entire 15 years as compare to gross cropped area, It is proven that Maharashtra`s irrigation
policy is very poor, so, there is need to encourage less water intensive irrigation system.
00.751.422.373.34
4.42
6.58
12.89
38.37
Fig5.1 Average size of operational holding(Ha.)
Below 0.5
0.5-1.0
1.0-2.0
2.0-3.0
3.0-4.0
4.0-5.0
5.0-10
10.-20
20.0and above
120
Table - 5.2 Percentage change of land use pattern of Maharashtra
Sr.No. Particulars Period I
(000 Ha)
Period II
(000 Ha)
Period III
(000 Ha)
Percentage Change of
land use pattern over
base year 1960-61
1960-61 1990-91 2005-06 Period II
1990-91
Period III
2005-06
1. Geographical
area
30758
(100)
30758
(100)
30758
(100)
0.00 0.00
2. Net area sown 17878
(58.12)
18565
(60.35)
17430
(56.66)
3.84 -2.50
3. Gross cropped area 18823
(61.19)
21859
(72.06)
22556
(73.33)
9.87 12.14
4. Gross area irrigated 1220 3319 3810 15.1 16.8
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentages to the total geographical area)
Source: Economic survey of Maharashtra (2008/09), Department of Economics and
Statistics, Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai
Table - 5.3 Land use pattern of state of Maharashtra (2001-02)
Sr.No. Particulars Percentage to total
1 Net area sown 56.86
2 Land under forest 16.94
3 Barren, uncultivable and cultivable waste 8.59
4 Current and other fallow land 8.20
5 Permanent pastures and land under misc.tree crops 4.88
6 Land put to non agricultural uses 4.53
Source: Season and crop report (2002) published by Department of Agriculture,
Government of Maharashtra, Pune-5
57%
17%
9%
8%
5%4%
Fig 5.2 Land use pattern of Maharashatra
Net area sown
Land under forest
Barren, uncultivable and
cultivable waste
Current and other fallow land
Permanent pastures and land
under misc.tree crops
Land put to non agricultural
uses
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Table: 5. 4 Changes in cropping pattern of Maharashtra (From 1960-61 to 2001-02)
(Area`00’Ha)
Sr.No. Particulars Period I Period II Period III %change in cropping pattern over base year-1960-61
1960-61 1990-91 2001-02 Period II -1990-91 Period III -2001-02
1 Rice 1300(6.9) 1597(7.30) 1515(6.71) 22.84 16.53
2 Wheat 907(4.8) 867(3.96) 933(4.13) -4.41 2.86
3 Jawar 6264(33.2) 6300(28.82) 4740(21.01) 0.25 -24.57
4 Bajara 1635(8.6) 1940(8.87) 1434(6.35) 18.65 -12.29
5 Other cereals 500(2.8) 432(1.99) 687(3.04) -13.6 37.4
A All cereals 10606(56.3) 11136(50.94) 9309(41.27) 4.99 -12.22
6 All Pulses 2349(12.4) 3257(14.9) 3432(15.21) 38.65 45.48
7 Sugarcane 155(0.8) 536(2.45) 501(2.22) 165.80 223.22
8 Cotton 2500(13.28) 2721(12.44) 2875(12.74) 8.84 15
9 Groundnut 1083(5.75) 804(3.67) 428(1.89) -25.76 -60
10 Tobacco 25(0.13) 08(0.03) 06(0.02) -68 -76
11 Other cash crops 2105(11.18) 3397(15.54) 6005(26.63) 61.37 185.28
B All commercial crops 8217(43.6) 10723(49.06) 13247(58.763) 30.60 61.22
A+B Gross cropped area 18823(100) 21859(100) 22556(100) 9.87 12.14
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentages to the gross cropped area)
Source: Season and crop report (2002) published by Department of Agriculture, Government of Maharashtra, Pune-5
122
5.2.2 Cropping pattern
The crop pattern depicts the areas of land devoted to different crops. This gives a
picture of relative position of different crops. A study of changes in it overtime is also of
great significance. Therefore, data on changes in cropping pattern of Maharashtra has
presented in Table 5.4.
Table-5.4 shows the changes in cropping pattern of entire period of 1960-61 to
2001–02. As compared to period-III to period-II, it is clarifying that, jawar, bajara, all
cereals shown decreasing trends where groundnut and tobacco showed decreasing rapidly.
While rice and wheat showed increasing trends where all pulses, sugarcane and cotton
increases significantly, overall observation showed that, farm community of Maharashtra
prefer high value crops. Cereals observed dominated in cropping pattern of Maharashtra
but trend shows declining.
5.3.0 Floriculture Development through National Horticulture Mission
NHM is the scheme, which promoted the horticulture sector. Agriculture Ministry
of Government of India identified that the horticulture is the source of income and
employment generation as well as export promotion. The NHM introduced from 2005,
through state governments. Floriculture is the part of horticulture, which focused recently.
It observed that agro-climatic condition of Maharashtra is suitable for flower crop and
recently Government of Maharashtra gives promotion to high quality and hi-tech
floriculture. Government of Maharashtra has reflected quickly to implement centrally
sponsor scheme. As per resolution of Government of Maharashtra No Mandal
2005/pra.kra, 48/9-A/Date-24.Aug, 2009, Maharashtra State Horticulture and Medicinal
Plant Board set-up at Pune, under the registration Act 18607. For implementation of NHM
dynamically, Government of Maharashtra appointed the managing director.
123
Targets of the scheme
To expand horticulture with varied agro-climatic and need based through research,
technology post harvest technique, processing and marketing.
To improve standard of living of farm community as economic and health basis
To co-ordinate horticulture scheme as a unit
To integrate traditional and modern technology of flower cultivation
To generate employment opportunity for skilled and unskilled unemployment
To doubled the horticulture production during 2005-06 to 2011-12
Objectives of the scheme
To make direct relation between producer and consumer
Producer should earn maximum advantage
To encourage them through post harvest management, processing and marketing
technique
To expand area and production through following measures
A) Promotion of high value crops like fruits, vegetables and flower instead of
ordinary crops
B) Propagate new technique of high value crop
To assist finance for processing, packing, cold storage and post harvest management and
marketing
To unite, integrate and co-ordinate Public-Private Sector at national, State and local level
for R& D, processing and marketing
To encourage potentiality and resource development programme
Resource Development Programme
Subsidies for Nursery-Under the RDP Subsidy will provide 100 per cent and 50 per cent
to public and private sector respectively.
124
Tissue Culture Centre and Laboratories- Under this programme, Public Sector Tissue
Culture Centre and Laboratories would subsidies 100 per cent to make them strong to
provide high quality planting material similarly private sector laboratories will eligible to
give 50 per cent subsidy.
5.3.1 Subsidy for new project
Under NHM subsidy has released for flower crop with following norms.
Under the programme, subsidy will release for hi-tech and general green house,
shade net house, plastic tunnels and mulching paper with following norms. Subsidy for
Post Harvest and Marketing Management will released for pack house, cold storage,
Refer van/containers, pre-cooling unit, grinding and packing unit, contract farming,
wholesale and retail market etc with following margin.
5.3.2. Area Expansion Programme
The programme introduced to improve economic condition of common farmer
through cultivation of flower crops. To increase foreign exchange with promotion of
floriculture export is motive of the programme. For this purpose, following objectives put
on the programme.
Expansion of controlled and open field cultivation of flower with high quality seed
around cities
Changing seed pattern of open field with high quality planting material
Expanding area and production of green house flowers for export
High quality planting system will be developed for quality product
Features of the Programme
To set up new flower project
Subsidy will release for modern and traditional flower crop to attract farmers.
Promotion given to greenhouse and opened filed floriculture.
125
Day by day demand of cut flowers has been rising, therefore, cultivation of rose, aster,
bird of paradise, helconiyas, golden rod, statice, lady less, gerberas, carnation, anthurium
etc. flowers will promote under the programme both controlled and open field.
Bulbous flowers: Tuberose, gladiolus, lilies, lily am, callosity, delia, these are bulbous
flowers, for the promotion of such flowers, and research centres are installed.
Loose flowers: Famous loose flowers are marigold, aster, gaillardia, shevanti, mogra,
zinnia, jai-jui, bijali. For the production of these flowers, high quality planting material
and imported seeds and plants will be provide to traditional flower growers. Under the
programme, planting material will provide through institutional source of public bodies
such as Agriculture Universities and Colleges, National Research Centres, Regional
Agriculture Research Centre, Public Nurseries.
Distribution of Subsidy
Those farmers registered their flower crop on their 7/12 document of farmland
will be eligible for subsidy. For the purpose of distribution of subsidy, Zillah Horticulture
Mission Committee will approve the proposals then District Superintendent Agriculture
Officer granted the subsidy to beneficiaries.
Selection of Beneficiaries
Document of 7/12 should produce by beneficiaries those have their own farmland.
Preference will be given to women‟s, S.C/ S.T. small and marginal farmers.
General Instruction of Programme
Planting material for flower crop taken only from authorized bodies.
Beneficiaries should have enough irrigation facilities.
It is expected by the scheme to cultivate specific flower crop in selected villages as
collective form.
126
Planting area will develop except present area with the purpose to attract new
farmers.
Proposed area will not less than 10 hectare around one village.
Dual benefit should not allow.
Subsidy will provide for greenhouse, shade net house, poly tunnel and open field
beneficiaries.
Training Programme
Training will be given for farmers those selected as beneficiaries, according to
their elected flower crop.
Adoption of modern technique, methods of production, marketing channel these are the
contents of training.
Tours and visits of beneficiaries will arrange to present floriculture project.
Table-5.5 Subsidy for open field Farming
Sr.No. Types of flower crop Norms of Subsidy Max Area (Ha)
1.0 Cut Flowers Rs.70,000/- -
1.1 Small Farmers 50% or Max 35,000/- 2
1.2 Other Farmers 33% or Max 23.100/- 4
2.0 Bulbous Flower Rs.90,000/- -
2.1 Small Farmers 50% or Max 45,000/- 2
2.2 Other Farmers 33% or Max 29,700/- 4
3.0 Loose Flowers Rs.24,000 -
3.1 Small Farmers 50% or Max 12,000/- 2
3.2 Other Farmers 33% or Max 7,920/- 4
Source: N.H.M. (2010) Subsidy to Floriculture, Target and achievement)
Promotion of Modern Technique
To improve the farm productivity is the purpose of the programme. Following modern
technique will be preferred.
127
High quality planting material
High technique of controlled farming
Drip and sprinkler system of irrigation
Liquid fertilizers through drip irrigation
Use of bio-fertilizer and bio-insecticides
High production rate with low cost, etc
Table-5.6 Subsidy for Controlled Farming
Sr.No. Item and Types of
Beneficiaries
Approximate price and subsidy
( Per Square meter)
Maximum Area
(Ha)
1.0 Hi-Tech Greenhouse Rs.650/- -
1.1 Small and Marginal
Farmer
50% or Max 325/- 1000Sqr.meter
1.2 Other Farmer 33% or Max 215/- 1000Sqr. meter
2.0 General Greenhouse Rs.250/- -
2.1 Small and Marginal
Farmer
50% or Max 125/- 1000Sqr.meter
2.2 Other Farmer 33% or Max 83/- 1000Sqr. meter
3.0 Mulching Paper Rs.14,000 -
3.1 All Beneficiaries 50% or Max 7,000/- (Per Ha) 2 Ha
4.0 Shade Net Rs.14,000 -
4.1 All Beneficiaries 50% or Max 7,000/- (Per Ha) 2 Ha
5.0 Plastic Tunnel Rs.10,000 -
5.1 All Beneficiaries 50% or Max 7,000/- (Per Ha) 5 Ha
Source: N.H.M. (2010) Subsidy to Floriculture, Target and achievement
Table-5.7 Subsidy for Post Harvest and Marketing Management
Sr.No. Unit Criteria (Per Unit ) Particulars of Finance
1 Pack house Rs. 2.50 Lakhs 25% for general Zone
and 33% for hill and
Adhivasi Zone 2 Cold storage Rs. 2 Crore
3 Air conditioned Van/ Pre-cooling
Unit/ Ripening Centre
Rs/ 24 Lakhs
4 Gradation Unit Rs. 2.50 Lakhs
5 Wholesale and Terminal Market Rs.100 Crores 25% for general Zone
and 33% for hill and
Adhivasi Zone 6 Collection and Gradation Rs. 15 Lakhs
7 Rural Market Rs. 15 Lakhs
Source: N.H.M. (2010) Subsidy to Floriculture, Target and achievem
128
5.4.0 Achievement of National Horticulture Mission
N.HM. gives subsidy to flower grower through District Superintendent
Agriculture Officer (DSAO) in financial form. It is policy matter to prefer small-scale
farmers. There are threefold classification to release subsidy i.e. cut flower, bulbulious
flower and loose flowers.
Table5.8 Subsidy to Cut Flowers
Year Small Farmers Other Farmers Rs( Lakh)
Phy Fin Phy Fin
2005-06 37 9.91 (71) 31 4.06(29) 13.97(100)
2006-07 300 20.84 (68) 95 9.80(32) 30.65(100)
2007-08 180 45.52 (91) 31 4.25(9) 49.77(100)
2008-09 10 12.05 (73) 84 4.45(27) 16.50(100)
2009-10 145 42.06 (82) 43 9.52(18) 51.58(100)
Total 197.87 (75) 64.60 (25) 262.47(100)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
Source: N.H.M. (2010) Subsidy to Floriculture, Target and achievement
Table 5.8 shows the subsidy given by N.H.M.to cut flower grower during 2005-06
to 2009-10. Rs. 9.91 lakh total amount release to small farmers and Rs. 4.06 lakh to other
farmers It is clarify that 71 per cent amount release to small farmers while 29 per cent
9.91
20.84
45.52
12.05
42.06
4.06
9.8
4.25 4.45
9.52
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Rs.
Lak
h
Year
Fig-5.3 Subsidy to small and other farmer
Small Farmer
Other Farmer
129
release to other farmers. It indicates that the maximum amount disbursed to small
farmers. If consider the entire amount, it observed, average 75 per cent amount release to
small farmers
Table 5.9: Subsidy to Bulbilious Flower (Rs.in Lakh)
Year Small Farmers Other Farmers Rs.
Phy Fin Phy Fin
2005-06 29 0.00 42 0.00 0.00
2006-07 240 116.65(50) 291 116.28(50) 132.93(100)
2007-08 321 115.35(88) 86 15.80(12) 131.15(100)
2008-09 506 254.43(82) 28 54.25(18) 308.68(100)
2009-10 447 199.53(84) 131 38.58(16) 237.11(100)
Total 685.96(75) 224.91(25) 909.87(100)
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
Source: N.H.M. (2010) Subsidy to Floriculture, Target and achievement
Table 5.9 shows the year wise subsidy release to bulbilious flowers. It can be
observed that subsidy released equally to both small and other farmer category in year
2005-06; thereafter preference has given to small farmer, eventually overall level average
75 per cent amount released to small farmers.
Table 5.10: Subsidy to Loose Flowers (Rs.in Lakh)
Year Small Farmers Other Farmers Rs.
Phy Fin Phy Fin
2005-06 84 0.00 119 0.00 0.00
2006-07 892 99.20(63) 478 58.97(51) 158.17
2007-08 660 104.32(86) 208 16.53(14) 120.85
2008-09 747 123.83(80) 395 31.44(20) 155.27
2009-10 1026 121.32(83) 332 25.66(17) 146.98
Total 448.67(76) 132.60(24) 591.27
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
Table 5.10 clarifies that NHM releases subsidy to flower grower. It concluded
after critical observation at overall level, average 75 per cent subsidy released to small-
scale farmers, which means maximum amount released to promote small farmers through
130
flower growing. It showed, initially 63 per cent amount released to small farmers while
37 per cent amount released to other farmers, thereafter ratio between small and other
farmers was 8:20 and overall level average was 75 and 25 per cent respectively.
5.5.0 Flower production under open field
Maharashtra is one of the leading flower producers in the country. The state has
varying soil and agro-climatic condition, which offer tremendous scope for commercial
floriculture. Following were the famous flower producing districts in reference year.
Table-5.11 Division wise distribution of open field flower production (2007-08)
Sr.No. Division Area(HA) Production (L.P/ M.T)
Tuberose
(L P)
Rose
(L P)
Aster
(L P)
Other
(M T)
1 Amravati 1701(11) 20(3) 1169(21) 61(17) 2121(4)
2 Aurangabad
(Single)
104(0.5) - - - 384(15)
3 Kokan 1101(7) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
4 Kolhapur 1811(12) 1285(16) 1791(33) 501(11) 11853(53)
5 Latur 1348(9) 218(3) 704(13) 338(8) 3461(6)
6 Nagpur 1625(11) 2664(32) 475(9) 180(4) 6483(12)
7 Nasik 706(5) 07(0.09) 114(2) 350(8) 2711(5)
8 Pune (Single) 6702`(44) 3761(46) 1192(22) 3010(68) 21556(39)
Total 15096
(100)
8137
(100)
5445
(100)
4440
(100)
55569
(100)
*L.P-lakh pairs,*M.T-metric tons
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
Source: Directorate of Horticulture (2007-08), Government of Maharashtra, Pune
Table 5.11 showed the division wise distribution of area and production of
flowers under open field. Amravati, Kolhapur and Nagpur region occupied above 10 per
cent area of the state flower crop and Pune region occupied near about 45 per cent area
while, as regard to production, Pune obtained 39 per cent; followed by Kolhapur got 34
per cent. As far as concern to cut flower under open field, Pune got 58, 46 and 22 per cent
of aster, tuberose and rose respectively; Kolhapur region got maximum production of
rose (33 %) while Amravati region got 21 per cent production of rose.
131
Table 5.12 Flower- crop wise area under open field flower (2008-09)
Sr.No. Flower crop Area(ha)
1 Aster 650.94 (3.96)
2 Rose 4967.69 (30.22)
3 Chrysanthemum 2226.90 (13.55)
4 Gladiolus 548.16 (3.33)
5 Jasmine 1798.65 (10.94)
6 Marigold 4453.79 (27.10)
7 Lilies 188.43 (1.46)
8 Tuberose 912.17 (5.55)
9 Other 685.20 (4.16)
Total 16431.92 (100)
Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total
Source: Data on Horticulture (2007-08), Directorate of Horticulture, Government of
Maharashtra Pune5
It revealed from Table 5.12 that, maximum area showed under rose of 4967
hectare (30.22%) followed by marigold of 4453.69 hectare (10%), chrysanthemum
2226hectare (13.55%), whereas jasmine of 1798 hectare (10.94%), tuberose 912.17
hectare (5.55%), aster 650.94 hectare (3.96%).
Table 5.13 shows that Nasik, Nagpur, Sangli, Nanded, Satara, Akola, Pune, Thane, and
Ahmednagar were leading district of state of Maharashtra, which cultivate various types of
flowers.
It can be seen from Table 5.14, that area under green house flower rising rapidly.
In general, area rise more than doubled during 2008-09 to 2009-10, particularly, area
under rose, gerbera and carnation has been rising more than anthorium and orchids.
132
Table-5.13 District wise famous flowers (Maharashtra)
Sr.No. District Major Flower Crops
1 Nasik Rose, Marigold, Aster
2 Nagpur Rose, Chrysanthemum, Marigold, Tuberose, Gaillardia, white lily,
Golden rod, Dezy, Aster
3 Sangli Flutes, Marigold, Rose, Aster, Como mile
4 Nanded Marigold, Chrysanthemum, Aster, Mogra, Tuberose, Rose, Gaillardia
5 Satara Marigold, Aster, Chrysanthemum, Rose, Tuberose, Mogra
6 Akola Marigold, Chrysanthemum, Rose Gaillardia, Tuberose, Aster
7 Pune Marigold, Rose, Tuberose, Chrysanthemum, aster, Mogra, Gerbera,
Gladiolus
8 Thane Rose, Chrysanthemum, Marigold, Jasmine, Lily, Kagda, Jai, and
Gaillardia.
9 Ahmednagar Marigold, Rose, Tuberose, Chrysanthemum, aster, Mogra, Gerbera,
Gladiolus
Source: Data on Horticulture (2007-08), Directorate of Horticulture, Government of
Maharashtra Pune5
Table-5.14 Area under greenhouse flowers (Ha) of Maharashtra
Sr.No. Flower 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Per cent change over 2007-08
2008-09 2009-10
1 Rose 145(47) 174(47) 219 (46) 20.0 51.0
2 Gerbera 85(27) 101(27) 122 (27) 18.8 43.5
3 Carnation 67(21) 81(21) 97 (21) 20.8 44.7
4 Anthorium 06(2) 07(2) 08 (02) 16.6 33.3
5 Orchids 09(3) 11(3) 13(3) 22.2 44.4
Total 312(100) 375(100) 450(100) 20.1 44.2
(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)
Source: Data on Horticulture (2007-08), Directorate of Horticulture, Government of
Maharashtra Pune5
It can be seen from Table 5.15, that production under green house flower rising
rapidly. In general, production increased more than doubled during 2008-09 to 2009-10
of all type of flowers.
133
Table-5.15 Production of greenhouse flowers (lakh stem/year)
Sr.No. Flower 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Per cent change over2007-08
2008-09 2009-10
1 Rose 2613(46) 3135(46) 3762 (46) 19.7 43.9
2 Gerbera 1651(29) 2029(29) 2435 (29) 22.8 47.4
3 Carnation 1349(24) 1619(24) 1943(24) 20.1 44.0
4 Antthorium 29(1) 35(1) 42 (01) 20.6 44.8
5 Orchids 46(1) 56(11) 67(1) 21.7 45.6
Total 5728 6873 8248 19.9 43.9
Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total.
Source: Data on Horticulture (2007-08), Directorate of Horticulture, Government of
Maharashtra Pune
145
174
219
85101
122
6781
97
6 7 89 11 13
0
50
100
150
200
250
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Ha.
Fig 5.5 Area of different fower under GH
Rose
Jerbera
Carnation
Anthurium
Orchids
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
2613
3135
3762
16512029
2435
13491619
1943
29 35 4246 56 67
lak
h/s
tem
/yea
r
Fig 5.6 Production of different flower under GH
Rose
Jerbera
Carnation
Anthurium
Orchids
134
5.6.0 Concluding Observation
The agro-economy of Maharashtra and floriculture development summarized as follows.
1 Maharashtra state has varying soil types and agro-climatic conditions, which offer
tremendous scope for floriculture.
2 The number and area of operational holding was 1.0 to 2.0 in maximum size
class, which were 29.7 and 25.4 per cent respectively.
3 It observed that the state of Maharashtra‟s irrigation facilities was quite less
compare to all India level in reference period.
4 Cereals were dominant place in cropping pattern of Maharashtra but trend showed
declining.
5 The state government has gave incentives through N.H.M and also taken special
initiatives of its own by formulating the capital subsidy scheme to expand area
under flower crops
6 The state government supported to small and marginal farmers through capital
subsidy.
7 The government policies promoted to progressive technique through provision of
high quality planting material.
8 Pune, Nasik, Aurangabad, Nanded, Sangli, Satara, Kolhapur, Thane and Nagpur
were famous for flower cultivation in reference period.
9 As per area and production statistics, state identified aggressive in flower
production.
135
References
1 Economic survey of Maharashtra (2004/05) p17 GoM, Mumbai
2 Data on Horticulture,(2009/10), Directorate of Horticulture GoM, Pune 5
3 Data on Horticulture,(2009/10), Directorate of Horticulture GoM, Pune 5
4 Census of India(2001) Maharashtra Administrative Atlas, Directorate of census
operations, Maharashtra P-40-50
5 Maharashtra (2010) Santosh Dastane, Dastane and Company, Pune
6 Maharashtra (2010) Santosh Dastane, Dastane and Company, Pune
7 Access from electronic source WWW.mhanhm.gov.in (2010) Subsidy to
Floriculture, Target & achievement ,GoM ,Pune