![Page 1: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Chapters 8 & 9Understanding Groups & Team
Work
![Page 2: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Advantages of Groups(Two heads are better than one.)
•
•
•
•
•
![Page 3: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
•
•
•
•
•
•
Disadvantages of Groups(If you want something done right, do it yourself.)
![Page 4: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Guiding Group DecisionsThings to Do:• Present clear, reasoned ideas• Listen (try not to pre-judge)• Yield to more logical positions• Get others involved, watch for self-censorship• In stalemates, push for more alternatives
![Page 5: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Guiding Group DecisionsThings to Avoid:• Don’t give in just to avoid conflict• Avoid “voting,” “coin tossing”• Avoid compromises (look for win-win instead)• Watch for effects of “irrelevant” criteria
![Page 6: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Why Have Teams Become So Popular?
• Typically outperform individuals.• Use employee talents better.• More flexible and responsive to changes in
the environment.• Facilitate employee involvement.• Effective way to democratize organizations
and increase motivation.
![Page 7: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Key concepts for understanding what makes
teams effective• Development/life cycle stages• Internal team structures:
- Roles- Norms- Size- Composition (and team member status)- Cohesion and morale
• Mgmt. and team member KSAs• Broader design considerations:
- Context- Composition- Work design- Process
![Page 8: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
The Five Life Cycle Stages of Group Development
1. Forming 2. Storming
3. Norming 4. Performing
5. Adjourning
![Page 9: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Using the Life Cycle“Stages” to Manage
Groups• Map to guide group formation• Maturation takes time• Conflict is part of the process• Stages NOT always sequential
![Page 10: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Roles Norms• Purpose• Development• Centrality• Deviance (& status)
• Leader • Task Expert• Harmonizer• Challenger
Internal Group Structure
![Page 11: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Conformity SubversiveRebellion
OpenRevolution
CreativeIndividualism
Central Norms
Perip
hera
l Nor
ms
Accept Reject
Rej
ect
Acc
ept
Types of Deviance in Groups
![Page 12: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Internal Group Structure (cont.)
Size Composition• Large Groups• Small Groups
(Impact on social loafing?)
• Homogeneous• Heterogeneous
![Page 13: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Building Cohesive Groups
• Small size
• Homogeneous composition
• Work & social interaction
• Sufficient resources
• Reward cooperation
![Page 14: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
• Limited hierarchy
• Outside competition
• History of success
• Isolation
Building Cohesive Groups (cont.)
![Page 15: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
• Satisfaction and Motivation
• Support for Learning
• Strong Norms & Culture
• Less Conflict
• Focus on Group
Norms• Loss of Creativity
• Groupthink
• Less Conflict
Advantages Disadvantages
Building Cohesive Groups (cont.)
![Page 16: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Cohesiveness and Productivity
![Page 17: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Supervisor/Manager KSAs• Coaching and facilitating KSAs- Delegation and empowerment KSAs- Process change and innovation KSAs- Culture management KSAs
• Resource coordinator- Systems wide performance mgmt. KSAs- Inter-team planning and coordination KSAs
Mgmt. & Team Member KSAs
![Page 18: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Employee KSAs• Interpersonal KSAs- Conflict resolution KSAs- Collaborative problem-solving KSAs- Interpersonal communication KSAs
• Self-management KSAs- Goal setting and performance mgmt. KSAs- Planning and task coordination KSAs
Mgmt. & Team Member KSAs (cont.)
![Page 19: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
The Team Effectiveness
Model
E X H I B I T 9–3
![Page 20: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Turning Groups into Teams(or How you, too, can have a team-based organization!)
The Stevens & Yarish ILA ModelLevel 1: The Individual
• Supervisors’/managers’ KSAs• Employees’ KSAs
Level 2: The Group• Internal group processes and dynamics
Level 3: The Organization• Culture and structures
![Page 21: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Turning Employees Into Team Players
The Challenges:- Individual resistance to team membership.- Influences of individualistic cultures.- Introducing teams against a company context that has
valued individual achievement.
Shaping Team Players:- Selecting employees who can fulfill team roles.- Training employees to become team players.- Reworking rewards to encourage cooperative efforts
while recognizing individual contributions.
![Page 22: Chapters 8 & 9 Understanding Groups & Team Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816487550346895dd660c6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Turning Managers Into Team Leaders
The Challenges:- Resistance to sharing power.- Influences of traditional autocratic and individualistic
cultures.- Discomfort with change and innovation.- Shifting leadership style towards coaching/facilitating- Developing ability to act in role of resource coordinator.- Developing team member KSAs to be an effective peer
with other managers on leadership teams.