Transcript
Page 1: Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear And Explosive Issues

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive Issues

CBRNE

for Veterinary Professionals

Module 3

Colorado Veterinary Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Medical Reserve

CorpsCorps

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

CO VMRC Training Program

Unit 1: Overview of animal emergency management for veterinary professionals

Unit 2: Biodefense and biological risk management

Unit 3: Overview of CBRNE Hazards for Veterinary Professionals

Unit 4: Personal preparedness and contingency planning

Each module lasts approximately 90 minutes, with 15 minute breaks and 1 hour for lunch

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Learning objectives

1. Define CBRNE and terrorism2. Describe the potential impacts of CBRNE events

on animals/agriculture3. Identify the classes of chemical hazards4. Identify antidotes for nerve agents5. Identify Biological hazards6. Identify radiological and nuclear threats 7. List the classes of radioactive particles8. List key challenges related to animals in

radiological events9. List basic animal decontamination needs and

challenges

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Objectives, continued

9. Identify the basic physiology of explosive blast injuries

10. List the four levels of personal protective equipment

11. Briefly describe foreign animal disease threats12. Identify the key operational branches in a FAD

response13. Describe the basic biosecurity concerns for FAD

emergency responders 14. Describe how to don and doff basic biological

PPE 15. List the core issues for use of respiratory PPE

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

CBRNE

Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear Explosive

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

TerrorismTerrorism

The unlawful use of force or violence committed by a group or individual against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.

--U.S. Department of Justice

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Terrorism: animal impacts

Secondary animal/ag impacts in general attack Primary attack on livestock/animals Attack on a specific company or industry

Domestic terrorism Targeting animal or human food supply in a covert

attack Public health threats Public confidence in food supply Economic impacts Illustrated in general by recent pet food

contamination incident

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Chemical threats

Military chemical weapons Nerve agents

Tabun, Sarin, VX, Vesicant or blistering agents

Mustard gas, Lewisite Blood agents (cyanide compounds)

Industrial/other chemicals Chlorine, phosgene, ammonia, cyanide, nitric

acid Pesticides

Misc. Methamphetamine byproducts, mace, tear gas

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Tokyo subway attack, 1995

Sarin (nerve agent) AUM Shinrikyo group

Shoko Asahara

• 12 deaths• 990 treated• 9000 panic

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Treatment of OP Poisoning

AntidotesAntidotes• AtropineAtropine• 2-PAM Cl2-PAM Cl• DiazepamDiazepam

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Canine nerve agent antidotes

Atropine: 0.2 - 2 mg/kg IM. 30 kg (66#) canine, IM = 6 to 60 mg Mark I injector contains only 2 mg!

2-PAM Chloride: 10 - 20 mg/kg IM 30 kg canine = 300 to 600 mg. The Mark I injector contains 600 mg (The LD50

for dogs is 190 mg/kg, so the injector dose should be relatively safe for dogs over 10kg)

Diazepam: 0.2 - 2 mg/kg IV for seizure control, used to

effect. The CANA injector contains only 2 mg for IM use IM diazepam in dogs unpredictably absorbed

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Chemical agents: Agriculture

Wisconsin 1996 National By-Products, Inc. Deliberate contamination

of product with chlordane (insecticide)

Perpetrator was a business rival

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Natural “CBRNE-like” eventWyoming/CO border, 2004 600 elk dead or dying

with signs of paralysis No other species Eventual ID as:

Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa

Lichen intoxication

Walter Cook, Merl Raisbeck, Todd Cornish, Elizabeth Williams, Benge Brown, Greg Hiatt, and Terry Kreeger (in press):  Paresis and death in elk (Cervus elaphus) due to lichen intoxication in Wyoming.  Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Melamine ???

Wednesday, May 23, 2007 On March 16, 2007, Menu Foods recalled more than 60 million cans and pouches of pet food that it are marketed under a variety of brand names.

The company acted after receiving reports from owners that their pets had become ill.

New York Times

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Should you enter a building with this on the door?

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

National Fire Protection Association NFPA Hazardous Material Diamond

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Material Safety Data Sheets

MSDS forms contain the following:

Section 1 - Product and Company Identification Section 9 - Physical & Chemical Properties

Section 2 - Composition/Information on Ingredients

Section 10 - Stability & Reactivity Data

Section 3 - Hazards Identification Including Emergency Overview

Section 11 - Toxicological Information

Section 4 - First Aid Measures Section 12 - Ecological Information

Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures Section 13 - Disposal Considerations

Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures Section 14 - MSDS Transport Information

Section 7 - Handling and Storage Section 15 - Regulatory Information

Section 8 - Exposure Controls & Personal Protection

Section 16 - Other Information

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Anhydrous Ammonia

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Biological Agents

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

History of bio-warfare: examples

Examples 1346: Caffa (Crimea) – human plague cadavers

catapulted into castle under siege Infected defenders fled, helped to trigger Black

Death 1763: Fort Pitt, Pennsylvania, smallpox infected blankets given to Delaware Indians

WWII: Japanese test anthrax, typhoid, cholera and plague as weapons in China

US (2001): Use of anthrax spores through the mail

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

WWI: German use of glanders against 3500 horses in US bound for Europe

Afghanistan (1980s): Soviet Union suspected of using glanders against Mujaheddin horses

Livestock Disease Agents as Bioweapons

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Bio-weapons programs

United States: Discontinued offensive program in 1969 1972: US and 100+

nations sign treaty banning biological weapons

Former Soviet Union Massive program

Iraq (?) Al Qaeda in Afghanistan

200+ documents found in caves related to bioterrorism

Pandora (Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 1869)

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Animal agricultural vulnerabilities

Pre-production Water, medications Feed, fertilizers

Production Farms & ranches Concentrated

operations Exhibits Transportation and

markets Processing

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Significant disease agents

Foot and Mouth Disease Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Classical Swine Fever Rift Valley Fever Burkholderia (Glanders, melioidosis) Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Exotic Newcastle Disease

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Foot and Mouth Disease

Cloven-hoofed animals (ungulates) Cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, wildlife

Virus: One of the most contagious diseases known Incubation 4-5 days Fever, vesicles (blisters) Mouth, nose, teats, feet

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

FMD outbreaks

Great Britain, 2001 Over 3 million animals culled Over 8000 infected premises Cost over $5 billion US + tourism impacts

Uruguay, 2000 6900 animals culled 24 million doses of vaccine used Costs of $247 million US

Taiwan, 1997 $1.4 billion US, entire swine industry

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

“Mad Cow Disease” Prion (protein) agent Spread by cattle feeds

with bovine proteins added Prevention by feed bans Over 150 human cases

Mostly UK and European nations

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

The Cow that stole Christmas

Christmas Eve 2003 1 positive cow in Washington

State Canadian origin Older than feed ban No human exposure

Over 3 Billion in trade impacts Additional cases found

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera)

Viral agent Swine Acute and chronic infections Acute:

Fever, loss of appetite Erythema of skin Staggering, weakness, death

Great Britain: 2000 16 infected premises

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Rift Valley Fever

Signs in animals: Fever, diarrhea, jaundice, loss of appetite, nasal

discharge, death Highly infectious for people

Varies from mild signs to hemorrhagic fever, meningioencephalitis, ocular disease, jaundice, and death.

Viral agent, direct and vector spreadSheep, goats, cattle, buffalo, rodents, and many other species

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Burkholderia

Burkholderia mallei (Glanders) Horses, carnivores,

people Burkholderia pseudomallei

(Melioidosis) (Whitmore’s disease) Cattle, sheep, goats,

people Respiratory and

abscessation disease

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Avian Diseases

Highly Pathogenic Highly Pathogenic Avian InfluenzaAvian Influenza

Exotic Newcastle Disease

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

=Extremely sick/dead birds

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Exotic Newcastle Disease

All birds Often sub-clinical in wild

birds and psittacine birds (parrots, etc.)

Domestic poultry very susceptible

Hemorrhagic GI lesions Neurological and respiratory

signs mortality and sudden

death

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

END Outbreak, U.S. 2002-2003

4 million poultry destroyed Over $150 million in direct

costs 15,000 response personnel

Up to 2500 at one time Smuggled parrots?

fighting fowl backyard poultry commercial

Biosecurity standards correlated to infection rates

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Virus: Influenza A Severe in chickens and

turkeys Less severe in ducks/wild

birds Depression, appetite,

thirst Diarrhea, respiratory

disease, death Some strains are zoonotic

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Potential of weaponized agents

Increased virulence Resistance to antimicrobials Environmental durability Increase host range

• People• Animals

“Known” disease behavior may not apply!

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Weaponization

Genetic selection Serial passage of microbial stains to

select for desired characteristics Genetic engineering

Mixing pathogen genes Adding resistance factors Potentially VERY DANGEROUS

Opening Pandora’s Box

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Bio-toxins

Non-living agents from a biological source: Clostridial toxins

Botulinum neurotoxin Perfringens epsilon toxin

Staphyloccocal enterotoxins Mycotoxins

Aflatoxins, T-2 toxin Shigatoxin (E. coli) Others (Ricin)

Use more like a chemical attack

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Hoaxes & false alarms:

Commodity markets are driven by investor perceptions

Public perception drives consumer markets

Impacts of credible threats and false alarms may be initially similar to actual events

“Proving the negative” may be a tremendous challenge

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Kansas FMD scare: 3-12-02

Holton Livestock Market Veterinarian reported lesions potentially

consistent with FMD• Precautionary action• Not highly suspect

Rumor of 9 infected cows spread quickly (hours)

Estimated market impact of 50 million dollars

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Radiological threats

Radiological dispersion device “Dirty bomb”

Intentional radiological contamination of people, animals, food, water or the environment

Accidental contamination

Alexander Litvinenko

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Radiological agents

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Nuclear threats

Military attacks Terrorist/criminal attacks Impacts

Mass casualties Catastrophic

infrastructure damage Incident of national

significance

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Radiological/NuclearAnimal/Ag impacts

Direct casualties Companion animals

Evacuation Decontamination Sheltering Search & Rescue

Livestock Decon vs euthanasia

and disposal Food safety issues

Resource prioritization!

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Radiation Protection Principles

Time Distance Shielding Quantity Route

External vs internal

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Explosive attacksExplosive attacks

Examples Oklahoma City NY, DC, PA

9-11-01 Primary

Targeting persons at the site

Secondary device Targeting

responders

Alfred P. Murrah Building, Oklahoma City, 1995

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Blast Physics and Physiology

Blast Pressure Wave (Friedlander wave form) Detonation. Blast Overpressure

(BOP). Exponential decay. Positive Pressure

Phase. Negative Pressure

Phase.

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Blast Physics and Physiology

Associated PSI’s with injury 2 – 5 - Tympanic membrane rupture. 15 - Lung damage threshold. 30 - 40 - Lethality threshold.

Blast Winds Generated by the rapidly expanding gases

displacing air. Maximum speeds < 1500 mph.

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Blast injuries

1. Primary: from blast wave injury to tissues Mainly affects organ systems with a high

air to fluid ratio (auditory, pulmonary and GI.)

2. Secondary injuries: from bomb fragments or flying debris

3. Tertiary: victim propelled into stationary objects

4. Other: Burns, smoke, radiation

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Principles of Veterinary Triage

General medical triage nomenclature Green: Minor (walking wounded) Yellow: Delayed treatment OK Red: Needs immediate care Black: Dead/going to die

Veterinary professionals would triage for animals and potentially could triage people in catastrophic situations.

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

DecontaminationDecontamination

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Decontamination zones

WIND

HOT ZONEIncident

WARM ZONEEvacuation and decontamination

Cold ZoneSafe area

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Decontamination:Decontamination:Equipment and vehiclesEquipment and vehicles

• Two step process1. Cleaning2. Application of suitable disinfectant or

neutralizing agent as needed• Considerations:

1. Location2. Equipment3. Corrosion4. Environmental concerns (runoff)5. Temperature/humidity

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Decontamination resources

HAZMAT equipment Fire-fighting equipment Food/agricultural operation

decontamination equipment Personal protective equipment Trained responders Disinfectant sources:

Manufactures Distributors

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Decontamination: People

Portable decon showers/HAZMAT resources

Scale Limited Major Catastrophic

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Decontamination Premises

Debris removal Manure, bedding,

feed Non-cleanable

materials Junk

Cleaning Disinfection Environmental testing

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Animal Decontamination

Biological Chemical Radiological Decontamination vs.

euthanasia

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Animal Decontamination Considerations Animal issues

Susceptible v. non-susceptible Food animals v. companion animals Restraint, sedation

Human issues Human-animal bond Cultural/language challenges

Resource availability! Environmental/regulatory issues

Euthanasia may be a reasonable decision in some cases

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Web resources:

Environmental Protection Agency: http://www.epa.gov/epahome/laws.htm

Occupational Safety and Health Administration http://www.osha.gov/

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

NIOSH Agricultural CentersNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/agctrhom.html

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Equipment and training mandated by OSHA and other agencies

• For all personnel who have a recognized risk of exposure to hazardous materials

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

General OSHA requirements:

Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act, often referred to as the General Duty Clause, requires employers to "furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees". Section 5(a)(2) requires employers to "comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act".

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What is PPE?

Personal Protective Equipment PPE= Articles worn or equipment used in order to protect wearer from harmful contaminants in environment

Provides a shield between you and agent Must prevent/reduce exposure to

airborne or surface agents

4 Levels A>B>C>D4 Levels A>B>C>D

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Level A

Highest level of respiratory, skin, eye, and mucous membrane protection

Fully-encapsulated, vapor-tight, chemical-resistant suit

Chemical-resistant boots

Chemical-resistant inner/outer gloves

Coveralls, hard hat

Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Level B

Highest level of respiratory protection

Lesser degree of skin and eye protection

disposable chemical-resistant coveralls or fully- encapsulated, non-vapor-tight suit and SCBA

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Level C

Lesser level of respiratory, skin, eye, and mucous membrane protection

Full face-piece

Powered, air-purifying, respirator (PAPR) or passive filter respirator

Chemical resistant clothing

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Level D

Ranges from a work uniform to basic biological barrier protections

Respiratory protection: None “Dust mask”

No vapor protection Simple barrier skin

protection

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

When do veterinary professionals need PPE?

Anytime they will be exposed to potentially harmful agents Biological Chemical Radiological Mechanical Noise

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardcommunications/index.html

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Risk Assessment

Determining what hazards exist that would necessitate PPE for veterinary personnel Mechanical

Animal handling Noise

Kennels, swine Chemical

Disinfectants, chemotherapy drugs OSHA “Right to Know” requirements

Biological Radiological

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Basic veterinary bio-protectionLevel C-/D+

Barrier apparel Tyvek, apron, etc.

Footwear Gloves Head gear Goggles N-95 or better

respirator when needed

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Barriers

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Gloves

Barrier, chemical and mechanical protection consideration

Latex allergies common Challenges related to duct

tape and disposable gloves! Work gloves added for

mechanical protection

Latex Nitrile Vinyl

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Goggles

Non-vented (fogging) Direct vented (limited

disease agent protection)

Indirect vented (best for zoonotic risk)

May interfere with respirator fit!

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Foot protection

Considerations Water resistance Mechanical durability Traction Cleanable vs.

disposable Disposable shoe/boot

covers Not durable, may be

very slick May need to double

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Head covers

Options Hooded coveralls Bouffant caps Hard hats Other

Cold weather may necessitate combining with stocking cap underneath

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Surgical masks

What does this provide?

Provide splash/barrier protection

Currently not OSHA approved for respiratory protection (although may provide limited protection)

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Respiratory PPE

For N-95 masks and better:1. Each employee must complete OSHA standard

medical questionnaire (information confidentiality must be protected per HIPPA)

2. Questionnaires must be reviewed by a physician

3. Some may be required to have a physical 4. Must be trained and fit tested5. Repeat every two years

The OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard available at

www.osha.gov29 CFR 1910.134

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Specific exposure reduction percentages

N-95 filtering face piece 75% N-100 filtering face piece 90% Half face APR 90% Full face APR 50 98% Loose fitting hooded PAPR 96% Full face PAPR (tight) 98% SCBA 99+%Note: APR = Air Purifying Respirator

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Voluntary use of respirators

When not required by OSHA

Employer or employee provided

Not required: Fit testing Medical clearance

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Fit testing: N-95 Respirators

Qualitative fit testing Separate test for each

brand/size! Procedure

Hoods Detect taste of

nebulized solutions 15-60 min per person

Repeat annually Quantitative testing

now available for filter masks

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Challenges related to PPE

1. Cost of PPE, med clearance and training Inventory of needed make/model/size

2. Heat/humidity/medical risks Limits for time in PPE based on temp,

humidity, person’s physical limits

3. Restricted dexterity 30% decrease in productivity

4. Enforcement of policies5. Public perceptions/fears

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

General responder health and safety rules of thumb….

If you don’t think you should….. DON’TDON’T

If asked to do something that…. You are not qualified for You think is dangerous DON’TDON’T

1. Find appropriate personnel/equip2. Seek appropriate supervision3. Report to safety officer if unresolved

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Foreign Animal Disease Response Flowchart

4-24 hrs

8-36 hrs

16-96 hrs

Suspicious case reported

FADDInvestigates

Hold/quarantine(as needed)

Sample for FADDL(regional & national)

If positive DX:Plan Activation

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Animal Disease Response Tasks

Clinical diagnosis & laboratory confirmation

Quarantine Surveillance

Healthy, sick, & dead animals

Epidemiology Animal ID systems Tracing

Appraisal/indemnity

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Response Tasks (cont)

Mortality Management Decontamination & repopulation Movement permits & compliance

agreements animals, products, waste

Biosecurity & producer education

Mental health considerations Public outreach Recovery

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Disease Eradication v. Agribusiness Continuity

Need to win the war, not just the battle Agribusiness continuity:

Removal of infected animals/product Mitigate impacts on economy Preserve uninfected herds when possible Allow untainted products to reach

markets Protect related sectors as possible

Effective/accurate public messaging Return to disease free status

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

MortalityManagement

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Euthanasia methodsEuthanasia methods

Barbiturate injection Cost/environmental hazard

Carbon dioxide Poultry – Soluble Foam

Captive bolt/firearms Cost effective Mass euthanasia of livestock

Others Per AVMA guidelines Foam “depopulation”

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Biomass Management Options

Methods: Burial Rendering Incineration Composting Alkali digestion Anaerobic digestion and

bio-fuels conversion Other

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Mortality Management Factors: Summary

Disease type Location Numbers Accessibility Environmental regulations Equipment availability Manpower & time. Soil types Expense

Waterways Water table Permits Capacity Transportation Biosecurity Fuel Public Health Esthetics

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Mortality Management Resources

http://fss.k-state.edu/research/books/carcassdisp.html

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Additional training:

Biological, Nuclear, Incendiary, Chemical and Explosive: Colorado BNICE Center Clinical care course Field awareness and operations courses www.bnice.org

AGERT Agricultural Emergency

Response Training: Noble Training Center, Anniston, AL

Arranged through Colorado Division of Emergency Management

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

CSU Foreign Animal Disease Course

Annual program for practitioners Supported by Colorado Department of

Agriculture/USDA 1 week course to provide increased skills

related to the diagnosis and eradication of foreign animal diseases

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Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps, Overview of CBRNE Threats for Veterinary Professionals, Module 3, Version 5-07

Questions?Questions?


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