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Chemistry #2
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Periodic Table
• A chart that organizes the elements according to their physical and chemical properties.
• Developed by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1867.
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Mendeleev’s two main contributions:
1. organizing known elements according to properties and characteristics
2. recognizing the need to leave spaces for elements not yet discovered
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Elements
• A pure substance that cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances.
• Made up of one kind of atom.
• More than 115 elements discovered
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Writing Elements
• Each element is represented by a chemical symbol.
• Chemical symbols consist of one or two letters. The first letter is always capitalized. The second letter is not.
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Chemical Symbol Examples
• O = Oxygen
• Au = Gold
• Na = Sodium
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Worksheet: Identify & write chemical symbols for common elements
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Blank Periodic Table
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Elements can be;
Metals • Shiny
• Malleable
• Ductile
• Usually solid
• Good conductors of heat and electricity
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Non-metals
• Tend to be gases or brittle solids
• Dull
• Non-malleable and non-ductile
• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
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Metalloids
• Solids • Shiny or dull • May conduct electricity
• Poor conductors of heat • Non-malleable and non-ductile
• Properties of both metals and non-metals.
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Properties of Transition Metals
• Shiny
• Ductile and malleable
• Conduct electricity
• Conduct heat
• **Label transition metals on your blank periodic table.
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What’s in each elements box
• Includes the element’s name, symbol, atomic number and atomic mass.
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• Complete Activity 2-2A pg. 49
• Remember the following...
• #p+ = atomic #
• #e-= #p+
• #n = atomic mass – atomic number
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• The periodic table is organized into periods and chemical families.
• Periods: the horizontal rows
• Families: the vertical columns
• Elements in the same family have similar physical and chemical properties.
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Chemical Families
• Alkali Metals: Family 1 • Highly reactive with halogens
• Reactive with oxygen and water
• Low melting points
• Soft
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Alkaline Earth Metals: Family 2
• Less reactive the alkali metals
• Burn in air if heated
• Produce bright flames
• React with water
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Halogens: Family 17
• Non-metals
• Highly reactive
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Nobel Gases: Family 18
• Very stable
• Un-reactive
• All gases
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Transition Metals (Continue to fill in blank periodic tables)
• Found at the centre of the periodic table
• Complex arrangement of electrons
• Three are magnetic; Fe, Co and Ni
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Families of the Periodic Table
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The Periodic Table and the Atomic Theory
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• Energy levels = 2
• Valence energy level = 2
• Valence electron = 2
• Beryllium
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Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams
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• Most elements in the same family have the same # of valence electrons (# of electrons in the outermost energy level).
• The period # = the # of energy levels.
• The valence shell of the noble gases is FULL; therefore stable
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• Gaining or losing electrons will allow atoms to achieve a kind of stability. Metals will lose electrons while non-metals will gain them.