Download - Chemistry Test for Ions 1
-
7/26/2019 Chemistry Test for Ions 1
1/11
Test for IonsTest for the positive ions Na+K+Ca+
Sr+Ba+Cu2+
ApparatusTake nichrome wire and and dip it with
concentrated HCl acid and bring it to the roaring
fame. Keep doing it until no colour is produced.
This is done to clean the nichrome wire and to
make sure that no other chemical Is present. Next
we will do ame test take the acid with nichrome
wire arain and dip with the unknown solid. Place the
nichrome wire in the roaring fame. !emember to
clean nichrome wire beore beore each experimentb" concentrated HCl acid#.
The resulting fame will produce di$erent colour
Na% K% Ca% &r% 'a% Cu(%
Nichrome
!oari
'unse)nknown
Flame
test is
applicable
for
Group
1 an
!roup
2
metal
s
inclu
in!
coppe
r
ions"
-
7/26/2019 Chemistry Test for Ions 1
2/11
*ellow+
orange
,ilac fame 'rick red
fame
!ed fame ,ight green
fame
'lue
fame
,ithum ions - red
&ulphur ions - blue Carbon ions - orange
Test for Transaction metal ionor transaction metal ion we can add &odium h"droxide to a unknown
transaction ion.
-
7/26/2019 Chemistry Test for Ions 1
3/11
Cu2+ Fe2+ Fe#+ $n2+
'lue prcipitate /reen precipitate
but become red+
brown upon
standing because
Iron II# h"droxide
gets oxidi0ed.
!ed+brown
precipitate
1hite precipitate
-
7/26/2019 Chemistry Test for Ions 1
4/11
N2T3+ Copper ions can be tested in either fame test wa" or precipitation
test.
Test for Ammonium ions4mmonium ions is dipped in sodium h"droxide.
It reacts with h"droxide to orm ammonia and water
4mmonia can be tested b" putting holding damp red litmus paper which
turns blue.
2rdip a glass rod into the concentratedHCi 5essel and dip it into the solution
and this will produce 4mmonium
chloride with white smoke that
con6rms 4mmonia is present.
Test for ne!ative ions
Carbonate ions C%#2&
Test- To either the solid7 or an a8ueous solution o the solid7 under test add
dilute h"drochloric acid.
It is best to use dilute nitric acid. &ome acid+carbonate combinations can
produce an insoluble salt that coats the solid carbonate and stops the
reaction7 but this doesn9t happen i "ou use nitric acid because all nitrates
are soluble.
!esult- This will or bubbles o gas carbon dioxide#. This gas will turn
limewater milk". Carbonate % acid salt % water % carbon dioxide
-
7/26/2019 Chemistry Test for Ions 1
5/11
Sulphate ions S%'2&
Test- To an a8ueous solution o the solid under test7 add dilute h"drochloric
acid ollowed b" a ew drops o barium chloride solution.
!esult- This will orm a white precipitate o barium sulphate#.
Test for (alie Ions4pparatus
)nknown &olid is taken )nknown &olid is
:isssol5ed in 1ater
:ilute Nitric acid is
added to to remo5e
an" Impurities in orderto gi5e a clear result.
-
7/26/2019 Chemistry Test for Ions 1
6/11
Then 4dd ew drops o 48ueous &il5er
Nitrate and &il5er halides precipitate will
orm which gi5es di$erent colours or
di$erent Halide ions.
-
7/26/2019 Chemistry Test for Ions 1
7/11
Chlorine Cl&
-
7/26/2019 Chemistry Test for Ions 1
8/11
Bromine Br&
-
7/26/2019 Chemistry Test for Ions 1
9/11
Ioine I&
-
7/26/2019 Chemistry Test for Ions 1
10/11
)roblems
4::
:ilute 48ueous 4mmonia dissol5e &il5er chloride but not sil5er bromide
'ut concentrated 48ueous 4mmonia will dissol5e both &il5er chloride and
&il5er bromide
-
7/26/2019 Chemistry Test for Ions 1
11/11
'ut