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Chick
Cheap, easy to obtain fertilized eggsEasy to work with on bench with dissecting microscopeSimilar development to human (flat disc)Genome - 1 x 109 bp (1/3 size of mouse and human); genome sequenceRapid functional tests
Microsurgery (cut & paste) to define cell interactionsMolecular manipulation - gain and loss of functionImaging, cell tracking
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Fertilization
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Hamburger and Hamilton Staging Stage 2 Stage 4
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Early somite/heart fields
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
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HH Stage 7
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HH Stage 14HH Stage 10
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Hensen’s node as an embryonic organizer
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Prospective mesoderm cells ingress through the primitive streak in a rostral-caudalorder that presages their medial to lateral position after ingression
Node (most rostral) primitive streak= midline tissue
Rostral (anterior) primitive streak= paraxial (somite) tissue
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Middle streak movements
Rapid lateral movement, pause, then back toward regressing node Lateral plate mesoderm
Yan, Dormann, Munsterberg and Weijer; Developmental Cell 3, 425-437, 2002
Caudal streak movements
Lateral and caudal movement
extraembryonicmesoderm
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Cell autonomous or mediated by surrounding tissues?
Control Anterior streak to anterior streak
Anterior streakto caudal streak
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Streak cells are attracted to FGF4
SU5402 = FGF inhibitor
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Embryonic Polarity
Left-right
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India ink
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In Ovo Electroporation
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In Ovo Electroporation
+ -
enhancer driven
constitutive promoter
RNAi