Transcript
Page 1: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

• The battery is the heart of your truck• Without food and drink, even a genius can’t think• Brains and brawn - the right combination of charger and battery makes your life easier

Choosing your traction battery and charger

Page 2: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Traction batteries - general

ConstructionCells connected in series,each of 2 volts

SizeNumber of cellsCell lenghtCell widthCell height

Page 3: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

A little battery chemistry

DischargeThe truck consumes current and the battery is discharged- the voltage and density decrease

ChargeMain ”bulk” charge: The battery gets the current consumed back plus...Gas phase: 5-20% extra to get the acid agitated andin equilibrium

Discharge Charge

Voltagedecreases

Voltageincreases

Platessulphate

Densitydecreases

Platessulphate

Sulphatesare

dissolved

Densityincreases

Sulphatesare

dissolved

Page 4: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Pause charging

ImportantThe battery must not emit gasduring pause charging

Fully charged

Charging Gassing Charging

80%

Deep discharged

Pause Pause

80% is the correctdepth of discharge

Page 5: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Self-discharge

ImportantA battery that is not used for a while mustbe fully charged when it is stored

5-7% self-discharge per month, depending on the battery’s age

If a battery is stored for an extended period of time, it must be charged every now andagain, every three months, for example

Page 6: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

When the battery is cold,the voltage and density

are different to what youare used to

Cold stores

But the voltage value must always be 0,84 higher than the

density value

Page 7: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Choosing your battery

Normal operationNormal operating timeNormal charging timeMost used batteryDischarge depth… max. 80%

Standard battery

Page 8: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Choosing your battery

Normal operationShort charging timePause chargingMinimal heat generation during chargingDischarge depth… max. 80%

Acid circulation battery

Page 9: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Choosing your battery

Hard operationStiff voltageHigh energy gainTwo or three-shift operationDischarge depth… max. 80%

CSM (Copper Stretch Metal) battery

Page 10: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Choosing your battery

Light operationLess capacityNo topping up with waterNo acid overflowDischarge depth… 70-75%

Dryfit battery, VRLA maintenance-free

Page 11: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Life factors

Battery life5-6 years or around 1500 (1200) cycles in normaloperation with one outlet and a discharge depthof max. 80% (70-75%) per day

ImportantOver 80% (70-75%) discharge depth constitutes a deep discharge and invalidates the battery warranty

Discharge depth and life:80% (70-75%) discharge produces 100% life90% discharge produces approx. 75% life

CyclesIn number

1500

60% 70% 80% 90% Discharge depth in pct.

Difinition of a cycleA cycle is a discharge followed by a charge.The more cycles a battery undergoes in a24-hour period, the shorter its life in termsof time

Page 12: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Life factors

What affects the lifetime of a battery?Deep discharges: Max. 80% depthOver consumption: Max. 80% of capacityHigh temperatures: Max. 500C in the acidOvercharging: Burns the battery outUndercharging: Sulphates the batteryMaintenance: Incorrect acid level, dirt, faults, etc.

Why is too much current used?Battery too smallDriving and lifting at the same timeThe truckdriver likes to think he’s a racing driverTruck faults (wear and tear, brakes sticking, dirt in wheels)Too much additional equipmentIncorrect tyre type, ramp driving, driving surface

When does a battery sulphate?If it is left unchargedIf it is not discharged to 80% every now and again, it gets ”sluggish”If it is not fully chargedIf it works at a high temperatureIf it is topped up with acid

Page 13: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Chargers - general

ImportantIncorrect and careless charging shortens the life of a battery

W charge characteristic IUI charge characteristic

Page 14: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Examples of constant current charge profiles

2100 HFP high-frequency for open tubular plate batteries - IWa charging profile

2100 HFP high-frequency for closed dryfit turbular plate batteries - IUIU charging profile

Oplægsholder
Præsentationsnoter
Page 15: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Charging process - general

Equalising chargeThe cells are adjusted

Maintenance chargeSelf-discharge is counteracted

ImportantAlways remember to switch the charger off or press the pause button each time the battery is disconnected from or connected to the charger.This avoids sparking.

Main ”Bulk” chargeThe battery is filled up

Gas phaseThe acid is agitated

Page 16: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Oxyhydrogen gas - oxygen and hydrogen

A battery emits gases during chargingHydrogen, in particular, is very explosive. So be careful with cigarettes, sparks and open flames near the battery

ImportantYour eyes are most at risk, so you should always use protective goggles. There mustbe an eyewash bottle near the charger.

Page 17: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Topping up with water

Automatically

With a filling gunManually

Without afilling gun

Aqua-jetsystem

BFSsystem

Autofillsystem

Page 18: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Water quality

ImportantOnly top up with demineralised wather

Normal tap water is usually around 250 microSiemens (mS).Battery water should not exceed 10 mS and never exceed 20 mS.Only use equipment in which the battery water cannot come into contact with metal, othetwise it will immediately be ionised.

Page 19: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Maintenance

Morning - When you start work Evening - When you stop work

Check that thecharging processhas finished

Switch off thecharger or pressthe pause button

Disconnect thebattery connectorand the chargerconnector. Do notpull the cables

Connect the batteryto the truck anddrive off.

Drive the truck close enough to the chargerThat the battery connector and the chargerconnector can easily reach each other

Turn the ignition key and switch off the current

Open the battery cover so that the gases canescape during charging

Connect the charger connector to the batteryconnector

Switch the charger on if it has a switch

Check that the charger starts before leaving it.The red light must be on. Some chargers havea yellow light

Daily

Page 20: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

MaintenanceWeekly

FridayCheck that the acid level covers the plates. If neceessary, top it up until the platesare covered ... No more than this

NB!If the acid level is too high when the battery is charged, the cells will boil over

Check cell connections, cable terminals and connectors. Any defects must beremedied immediately.

Ensure that the cell plugs are closed. Then wash the battery with a brush andwater and wipe it dry. Use protective goggles.

Every 14 daysCheck the acid level after charging has finished and top up, if necessary, up to1-2 cm above the plates.

Page 21: Choosing your traction battery and chargerUK… · Choosing your traction battery and charger. Traction batteries - general. Construction Cells connected in series, each of 2 volts

Maintenance

Take the temperature of the battery.It must not exceed 500c.

Monthly

If the temperature in the battery is not 300C,the density and the voltage have chhanged,as shown in the table to the right.

Measure the density or the voltage. If thevariation between cells is too great, the batterymust undergo an equalising charge.

Note:The voltage value must alwayes be0,84 higher than the density value


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