Download - Chp2 Forces Building the Land
![Page 1: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Forces Building the LandForces Building the Land
Chapter 2Chapter 2
![Page 2: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Key WordsKey WordsDefine the following terms in your own words and then with the definition from the back of your text.
• Plates• Plate tectonics• Region • Seismologist• Convection currents• Subduction zones• Geologic time
![Page 3: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• All the earth’s surface is made up of different landforms-mountains, valleys, hills, plains, and lowlands
• How did all these landforms get there?
• What caused the earth to be this way?
• How was the earth shaped and built?
![Page 4: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What we are going to look at in this chapter…
The Geologic age of the Earth
The ability of parts of the Earth’s crust to move around
How volcanoes and earthquakes are formed by plate tectonics
![Page 5: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Moving Continents: The Theory of Plate Moving Continents: The Theory of Plate TectonicsTectonics
•Six major plates cover the Earth’s surface. These plates are like large slabs of rock that make up the Earth’s crust (Outer layer of the earth)
•These plates have been moving around under the Earth’s surface for billions of years because of forces called PLATE TECTONICS.
![Page 6: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• The movement of the plates is caused by convection currents coming from the earth’s core.
• These currents can cause plates to move apart or come together.
![Page 7: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Convection currents
![Page 8: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Show slide show of plate tectonics (2) Show slide show of plate tectonics (2) Teachers domain Plate Tectonics: Alfred WegenerTeachers domain Plate Tectonics: Alfred Wegener
![Page 9: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Movement of plates
![Page 10: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Global Hotspots p. 15Global Hotspots p. 15
• When plates move apart from one another, magma rises through the open space and then cools, forming a ridge.
![Page 11: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Converging PlatesConverging Plates
• If plates come together, two things can happen: If they crash into each other, they form a mountain chain.
• If one plate slides below another, a volcano is created.
![Page 12: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Sudbury Basin The Sudbury Basin
![Page 13: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Big Nickel, Sudbury ONThe Big Nickel, Sudbury ON
![Page 14: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Most Volcanic activityMost Volcanic activity
![Page 15: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Geologic ErasGeologic Eras
![Page 17: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Take a trip into the Earth’s Take a trip into the Earth’s HistoryHistory
http://www.scotese.com/http://www.scotese.com/
![Page 18: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Geologic TimeGeologic TimePrecambrian Era• The Earth formed from a mass of floating gas• The era lasted 4 000 000 000 years• During this period, many cycles of mountain
building and erosion took place• As millions of years passed, land and
ocean developed• First living organisms were single celled and a
few multi-celled developed at the end of the era
• 87% of the Earth’s history was during this time
![Page 19: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Precambrian EraPrecambrian Era
![Page 20: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Paleozoic EraPaleozoic Era
• Canadian Shield gradually worn away by forces of erosion
• Eroded rock particles were called sediments• Sediments were moved by rivers and deposited
in the shallow seas which surrounded the shield• Sediments were compressed (pushed
together) into sedimentary rock• These rocks formed bedrock• Sedimentary rock was pushed to form the
Appalachian mountains• First animals were fish, shell fish and
amphibians—fossils were formed
![Page 21: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mesozoic EraMesozoic Era
• The Rockies started to form at the end of the era. These are also fold mountains formed by the folding of rock.
• Climate was warm, there were swamps and forests
• Dinosaurs and reptiles were present• Vegetation that fell to the ground got covered
with water and sand• Over millions of years, the pressure of the
sediments compressed into layers of vegetation and then turned into coal deposits, now found in Alberta and Saskatchewan.
![Page 22: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Animals in the Mesozoic EraAnimals in the Mesozoic Era
![Page 23: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cenozoic EraCenozoic Era
• Final changes that gave Canada its shape• More mountain folding and faulting• The sea disappeared and the land rose—the
Prairies were formed• Glaciers-First activity 1 million years ago• They acted like giant bulldozers that scraped
and gouged the land• When they melted large amounts of clay, sand
and silt were dumped into the Canadian Shield• Glaciers created the great lakes and other rivers• Glaciation happened 4 times during this era• Mammals now existed
![Page 24: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Reptile Family TreeReptile Family Tree
![Page 25: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cenozoic EraCenozoic Era
• Final changes that gave Canada its shape• More mountain folding and faulting• The sea disappeared and the land rose—the
Prairies were formed• Glaciers-First activity 1 million years ago• They acted like giant bulldozers that scraped
and gouged the land• When they melted large amounts of clay, sand
and silt were dumped into the Canadian Shield• Glaciers created the great lakes and other rivers• Glaciation happened 4 times during this era• Mammals now existed
![Page 26: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Four Eras of Geologic Time
What do you notice?
First Invertebrates
First land plants
First fish
First reptiles
First amphibians
First dinosaurs, mammals, birds
End of dinosaurs
Millions of years ago
0-
100-
200-
300-
400-
500-
600-
700-
4600-
![Page 27: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
HomeworkHomework
Workbook: pps. 8 -11
On page 8 start at number 3 and continue.
TEXT: pg. 19 #s 1-2
![Page 28: Chp2 Forces Building the Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/55575ba6d8b42a63448b51e7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Label the Landform regions and create a legend wb. P. 12