Civil Society
Management
Science
Median Average
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50% asc - 50% man
50% asc -50% sci
50% man - 50% sci
Civil Society
Management
Science
Organizational life today is beset by demands for xaccounta-bility: from health care and banking to humanitarian aid and higher education, there is a clamor to demonstrate and document e�ectiveness. This progressive rationalization has seen scientific practices of evaluation and managerial con-cepts of e�iciency move into voluntary and charitable domains. The hesitant embrace of performance metrics in the U.S. nonprofit sector is an example of this recombination of practices.
Our maps reflect the presence of civic ideals, managerial concepts, and scientific assessments among 369 organiza-tions actively involved in e�orts at measuring social impact. Drawing on a sample based on weblinks on the World Wide Web, we identify how organizations are positioned vis-à-vis these three discourses. The resulting map reflects the lingui-stic topography of nonprofit performance evaluation (Fig.1). Density is high at the center of this triangle, in the interstice between the communities of science, management, and associations. Organizations in this position draw on all three discourses, representing an interstitial community (Fig.2).
These interstitial organizations share more than cultural similarities; they are densely linked through bi-directional weblinks, forming an integrated cluster of diverse types of organizations, including associations, foundations, consul-ting firms, think tanks, and the media. They share informati-on and spread ideas (Fig. 3). Their capacity to proselytize practices that recombine civic, managerial and scientific elements becomes evident when we shi� from examining their internal connections to external ties. Although some connections exist among the civic, scientific, and managerial communities (Fig. 4), each is more closely connected to the interstitial community (Fig. 5).
Organizations in the interstice are the center of the debate over social impact, recombining concepts and building new frameworks. These maps show that organizations at this interface are the engine driving the merging of the formerly separate domains of science, management and civil society (Fig. 6).
Metrics and Evaluation in the Nonprofit SectorStanford PACS – Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society Stanford University
Achim Oberg, University of Mannheim, GermanyValeska P. Kor�, University of Potsdam, GermanyWalter W. Powell, Stanford University, USA
Civil Society
Management
Science
guidestar.org
cgdev.org
gatesfoundation.org
e�ectivephilanthropy.org
hewlett.orgtacticalphilanthropy.com
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wri.org
philanthropy.com
Civil Society
Management
Science
foundationcenter.org
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philanthropy.com
ssireview.orgmacfound.org
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urban.org
alliancemagazine.org
nonprofitfinancefund.org
casefoundation.org
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independentsector.org
Civil Society
Management
Science
foundationcenter.org
cof.org
ssireview.org
philanthropy.com
americanprogress.org
unicef.org
ncrp.org
hbr.org
philanthropynewyork.org
brookings.edu
cgdev.org
e�ectivephilanthropy.org
comnetwork.org
tacticalphilanthropy.com
independentsector.org
aspeninstitute.org
guidestar.org
adb.org
geofunders.org
nonprofitquarterly.orgredf.org
vppartners.org
Civil Society
Management
Science
foundationcenter.orgcof.org
philanthropy.com
ssireview.org
aspeninstitute.org
guidestar.org
cgdev.org
e�ectivephilanthropy.org
ncrp.org
tacticalphilanthropy.com
independentsector.org
gatesfoundation.org
urban.org
macfound.org
hewlett.org
alliancemagazine.org
wri.org
unicef.org
socialedge.org
bridgespan.org
geofunders.org
americanprogress.org
knightfoundation.org
soros.org
hbr.org
casefoundation.orgcfr.org
Number of bidirectional references of an organization
Organizations and bidirectional references associational community
Organizations and bidirectional references scientific community
Organizations and bidirectional references managerial community
Organizations and bidirectional references interstitial community
Fig. 5: References with Interstitials Fig. 4: References among Original Communities Fig. 6: All Bidirectional References
Fig. 1: Cultural Positions Fig. 2: Cultural Communities
Fig. 4: References within Communities
InterstitialOrganizations as
ConversationalBridges
