Download - Civl235-Slope Stake Overheads
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May 9, 2003 Civil 235 - Plane Surveying 1
Route SurveyingRoute SurveyingRoute SurveyingRoute Surveying - ---Slope StakesSlope StakesSlope StakesSlope Stakes
Instructor: A. Shahkarami
Civil 235 Plane Surveying
The University of British ColumbiaDepartments of Civil Engineering
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Introduction
Picture taken from http://www.tpub.com/engbas/14-31.htm
Centre-line layout is one of the firststeps in constructing a road.
The road is broken into stations.
At each station, the location of thecentre-line, shoulders and slopestakes are identified.
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H.I.H.I.H.I.H.I.
Ground RodGround RodGround RodGround Rod
Grade RodGrade RodGrade RodGrade Rod
FillFillFillFill
Introduction
TerminologyTerminologyTerminologyTerminologyGrade
Centre-lineShoulder
Side-slopeSlope stake
Side-hill section
Grade Rod = H.I. elevation of the grade
Ground Rod = reading of the rod at any point
Cut/fill = Grade Rod Ground Rod
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Cut/Fill
1. Cut section1. Cut section1. Cut section1. Cut section
Ground rod > 0Ground rod > 0Ground rod > 0Ground rod > 0Grade rod > 0Grade rod > 0Grade rod > 0Grade rod > 0
2. Fill section2. Fill section2. Fill section2. Fill section
H.I. > Grade Elev.H.I. > Grade Elev.H.I. > Grade Elev.H.I. > Grade Elev.
Ground rod > 0Ground rod > 0Ground rod > 0Ground rod > 0Grade rod > 0Grade rod > 0Grade rod > 0Grade rod > 0
H.I. > Grade Elev.H.I. > Grade Elev.H.I. > Grade Elev.H.I. > Grade Elev.
Ground rod > 0Ground rod > 0Ground rod > 0Ground rod > 0Grade rod < 0Grade rod < 0Grade rod < 0Grade rod < 0
H.I. < Grade Elev.H.I. < Grade Elev.H.I. < Grade Elev.H.I. < Grade Elev.
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Cut-Fill Transition
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w/2w/2w/2w/2 dddd
ssss
1111
Slope StakeSlope StakeSlope StakeSlope Stake
Shoulder StakeShoulder StakeShoulder StakeShoulder StakeCenterline StakeCenterline StakeCenterline StakeCenterline Stake
Natural GroundNatural GroundNatural GroundNatural Ground
Road GradeRoad GradeRoad GradeRoad Grade
Slope Stakes(Side-hill section is where cross-section passes from cut to fill)
csw
d +=2
fsw
d +=2
Cut SectionCut SectionCut SectionCut Section Fill SectionFill SectionFill SectionFill Section
f ff f
cccc
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Example Slope Stake
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Example Slope Stake
H.I. = 241.90 m , grade elevation = 240.36 mrod reading on centerline = 2.65 m centerline elevation = 239.25 m
grade rod = H.I. grade elevation = 241.90 240.36 = 1.54 m
first trial at point 1:ground rod = 3.23 f 1 = grade rod ground rod = 1.54 3.23 = -1.69 m
(the negative sign indicates a fill)
Slope stake distance from the centre-line, d 1 : 3.5 + (1.69)(2) = 6.88 m
measured d 1 = 6.2 m
The rod must be moved farther from the centerline
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second trial at point 2:ground rod = 3.62 m f 2 = 1.54 3.62 = -2.08 m
d 2 = 3.5 + (2.08)(2) = 7.66 m
measured distanced
2 = 8.2 m
The rod is out too far
Eventually, by trial, the rod is held at 3:
ground rod = 3.40 f r = 1.54-3.40 = -1.86 md r = 3.5 + (1.86)(2) = 7.22 m
This distance agrees with the measured distance d r ; hence, point 3 is the
correct location for the slope stake.
The notes for this slope stake will be:
Example Slope Stake
22.7
86.1 f
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Volume of Earthwork
w/2w/2w/2w/2wwww
A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 A2 A3 A3 A3 A3 A4 A4 A4 A4
Cross-sectional area iscalculated from the cut/fill data.
= i A A1. Average End Area Method
(exact for A 1 =A 2 )l A AV +=
2
21
2. Prismoidal Method ( )21 46 A A Al V m ++=
( A m obtained by averaging the linear dimensions of the end section)
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Example Volume CalculationFor the following two stations, calculate the volume of earthwork using the Average End Area method and the Prismoidal method.width of the road-bed is 20 m and side-slope ratio is 1.5 to 1.
StationStationStationStation1+101+101+101+10
StationStationStationStation1+001+001+001+00
R.R.R.R.C.L.C.L.C.L.C.L.L.L.L.L.
CrossCrossCrossCross- ---sectionsectionsectionsectionStationStationStationStation
0.16
0.4c
0
0.6c
0.28
0.12c
0.13
0.2c0
0.3c0.22
0.8c 4 m4 m4 m4 m
12 m12 m12 m12 m6 m6 m6 m6 m
16 m16 m16 m16 m 28 m28 m28 m28 m
2122
121828
2
126
2
6416
2
461
=
+
+
+
= A
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1575157515751575
Vol.Vol.Vol.Vol. A.E.A. A.E.A. A.E.A. A.E.A.
154154154154MidsectionMidsectionMidsectionMidsection
103103103103StationStationStationStation
1+101+101+101+10
1551.71551.71551.71551.7
212212212212StationStationStationStation1+001+001+001+00
R.R.R.R.C.L.C.L.C.L.C.L.L.L.L.L.Vol.Vol.Vol.Vol.
Prism.Prism.Prism.Prism. Area Area Area AreaCrossCrossCrossCross- ---sectionsectionsectionsectionStationStationStationStation
0.16
0.4c0
0.6c0.28
0.12c
0.13
0.2c
0
0.3c
5.14
0.3c0
5.4c0.22
0.8c
0.25
0.10c
Similarly, for station 1+10: 1032 = A
Volume from the Average End Area method:
1575102
103212=
+=V
m 2
m 3
Example Volume Calculation
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600+80.0083.2283.43600+70.00
GradeGround
RightSlope S.
RightShoulder S.
C.L.Stake
LeftShoulder S.
LeftSlope S.
ElevationStation
56.6
37.2c0.3
07.1c0
21.0c0.3
85.0 f 50.4
0.1 f
3.00 m3.00 m3.00 m3.00 m 3.00 m3.00 m3.00 m3.00 m
1.51.51.51.5
1111
83.22 m83.22 m83.22 m83.22 m 1.07 m1.07 m1.07 m1.07 m
2.37 m2.37 m2.37 m2.37 m
0.85 m0.85 m0.85 m0.85 m 1.0 m1.0 m1.0 m1.0 m
3.56 m3.56 m3.56 m3.56 m 1.50 m1.50 m1.50 m1.50 m
Cross-Section Data