Download - CK2017: Reclaiming Our 'Wasted' Waters
A product of WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities
RECLAIMING OUR ‘WASTED’ WATERS Promoting Sludge to Energy Systems in Urban India
URBAN INDIA’S THIRST FOR WATER
377 million urban Indians in 2011
Norm of 135 lpcd for public supply
On average only 51% of daily need met by public supply
THE WASTED WATERS
Source: Central Pollution Control Board. Inventorization of Sewage Treatment Plants. March 2015
64%10%
18%9%
81%
5%
11%
3%
functional not functionalunder constructions proposed
Out of 816 STPs only 522 are functional
Number of STPs
Treatment capacity
70% of sewage is released untreated into water bodies
18883.230%
43116.870%
Treated Sewage Untreated Sewage
Total sewage generated 62000 MLD
Discharge of incompletely
treated wastewater
Health Impacts
From contact with polluted waters
Low income and informal workers (rag pickers, scavengers)
Consumption of polluted waters
High risk to children and elderly
Environmental Consequences
Pollutants cross from surface to
ground waters and vice versa
Contaminated waters are consumed
Capacity of water habitats to sustain life compromised
MULTITUDE OF ISSUES FROM WASTEWATER
SHIFTING PARADIGMS
Waste
Consume
Distribute
Produce
Extract
Unsustainable Linear System
Produce
Distribute
ConsumeReuse
Reclaim
Extract
Sustainable Circular System
RECOVERING THE ‘WASTE’ FROM WASTEWATER
Wastewater treatment
Reclaimed water
Non-potable use Potable use
Sludge treatment
Sludge gas
Domestic fuel
Automobile fuel
Electrification
Biochar
Agriculture land
application
Heat
District heating systems
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SLUDGE (BENGALURU)
Treatment capacity 721 MLD
Average treatment 520 MLD
800 sq. km. area 6800 km of piped sewer network
Total wastewater generated per day (2012): 1500 MLD
2012 GHG emissions: 0.79 million ton-CO2e
In 2035
Wastewater4230 MLD
BAU scenario6.25 million tons-CO2e
Energy (CH4) recovery scenario0.06 million tons-
CO2e
99% emission reduction
Ministry of Water
Resources,
Ministry of Urban
DevelopmentMinistry of
Drinking Water and Sanitation
Ministry of Environment and Forests
Ministry of Environment and ForestsMinistry of
Power
No single ministry in
chargeGuiding
principles or standards
absent
MoEF – treated wastewater for agriculture use MoP – treated wastewater for thermal plant cooling Cities experimenting with industrial reuse of domestic wastewaters on pilot basis
MNRE piloting projects for waste to energy MoUD (SBM) allows treated sludge as agri additive
ENABLERS FOR CIRCULAR SYSTEMS
Norms set by MoEFCC (CPCB) but implemented by MoUD (city municipality or sewerage board)
Service provided by local bodies (urban and rural) as per guidelines of MoUD / MDWS
MOWR main authorityStakeholders also include ministries for power generation, agriculture, industry, rural and urban development
Management
Supply
TreatmentReuse
Reclaim
SLUDGE TO ENERGY – MORE THAN A TECH FIX
• SLUDGE TO ENERGY PROJECTS IN CHINA