Download - Classification of Substances
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Classification of Substances
K Warne
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Properties of substancesUse: (Object and
purpose)Substance Property
Helmit - protection
Hard plastic Strength
Iron (Base) transfer heat to garment
Steel Thermal conductivity
Electrical conducting wire
Copper Electrical conductivity
Helmet Padding – comfort and shock absorption.
Styrofoam Hard, soft, brittle or malleable.
Electric guitar pickups – energy transfer
Hard steel magnets
Magnetic
Some everyday objects - examples of different substances that are used for different properties.
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Elements – Pure substanceELEMENTS - ………………. be broken up into
simpler substances.
- their smallest particles are ………….
- they are found on the periodic table.
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Metals What properties do these metals
have in common?
Silver Copper & Nickel Gold
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Non-metals Carbon –
graphite Phosphorus etc Iodine Oxygen
Classify substances as non-metals using their properties
o thermal conductors
o Electrical
o ................. .....malleable -
o ......... ductile - ..................
Identify the non-metals and their position on the periodic table ..............................
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Semi-Metals Eg: Silicon
Describe semi-metals as having mainly ........................... properties
Classify semi-metal by their characteristic property of .................................conductivity with increasing .................... – two elements meet this classification – .......................... .........................................
Identify the semi-metals and their position on the periodic table
Melting point
1414 °C, Boiling point
3265 °C,
The same structure as in carbon and sometimes similar chemically. Relatively inert element and a semiconductor. (used in computer chips) Exibits the piezoresistive effect. Pure silicon has a gray color and a metallic luster. It is similar to glass in that it is rather strong, very brittle, and prone to chipping. It expands when it freezes.
http://images-of-elements.com/silicon.php
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Electrical Conduction
In order to conduct electricity, electrons must move from the ………………………band into the ………………………………..band.
Conduction Band
Conduction Band
Valence Band
Valence Band
Conduction Band
Valence Band
Insulators – Gap ...................... for electrons to enter conduction band
Semi-conductors: Gap ................. electrons can be GIVEN energy ..........................
Conductors – .......... electrons can conduct
Energy Gap
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NaCl
Chlorine:
………-metal
Green ……..
………. Toxic
Elements Compounds
Sodium:
……………
……… reactive
Highly ………..
ClNa
Elements reactreact to form compounds
molecule
REACTION• ……….. released• Atoms ………...
Sodium ……………• White ………..• High ……….. pt.• ………… - toxic
Compound – formed when elements combine chemically.
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Pure & ImpureElements: - ……..
substances when mixed form a mixture.
MIXTURES –
…………..! different particles still ……………… not chemically combined.
COMPOUNDS…………. two or more elements chemically …………………/
………………….. have new/different properties to original elements.
sulphur
Elements
CompoundMOLECULE
Different atoms bonded!
Iron Sulphide
REACTION
Mixture S atomFe
atom
Iron
Not bonded!
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Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Egs: …………………………………………………
Can be separated by …………………… methods.
ELEMENTS consist of ……….. substance only.
Compounds are formed when one or more one or more elementselements ………… chemically -…………
………………… are formed when different substances are mixed together. ……………. are mixtures.
Egs: …………
……………
…………..
…………. be separated into simpler substances.
Egs: ………………….
………………………..
Can be ………………. separated into simpler substances.
…………. ……………….
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The Periodic TableAlkali metals
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Organic chemistry is the study
of ..................containing compounds derived from .............................................................
Oil is formed over ..................of years from the break down of ..................... and .......................
80+ million compounds-
natural & synthetic.
Crude Oil (petroleum) is a mixture of many thousands of these different compounds and is the main source of many of these chemicals.
They are called hydrocarbons because they predominantly contain the elements ............................ and ........................................
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MixturesA ……………….. blend of two or more
substances (components) mixed together in …………… proportions.
Properties: Component parts ~ ………………… ratios Retain ……………… physical
properties Can be separated …………………
Eg: Iron & sulphur mixture Sulphur: ………………………………. Iron: ………………………….
FeS
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HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS
Definition
EXAMPLES
Mixtures - Types
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CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Pure
ImpureInorganic
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Compounds
Elements
MetalsNon-metals
Semi-metals
Organic
Substances
Place names into correct places
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Keith Warne
Hi -
This is a SAMPLE presentation only.
My FULL presentations, which contain loads more slides and other resources, are freely available on my resource sharing website:
Science Café.
www.sciencecafe.org.za
(paste into your browser if link above does not work)Have a look and enjoy!
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