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Clause
(Not Santa)
Definition: A group of words that contains
a subject and a verb
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After this lesson I will be able to…
determine the difference between a dependent and independent clause, and identify them in a sentence.
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There are two kinds of clauses:
Independent
and
Dependent
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INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
A clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand
alone.
AKA a sentence
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Examples of INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
he memorized a poem last night
Mary will read her poem
many people enjoy poetry
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When an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE starts with a capital
letter and ends with a period or question mark, it
is a SENTENCE.
He memorized a poem.
Mary will read her poem at school.
Many people enjoy poetry.
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DEPENDENT CLAUSE
A clause that DOES NOT express a complete thought
AND
CANNOT stand by itself as a sentence
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Examples of DEPENDENT CLAUSES
because he memorized a poem
when Mary reads her poem at school
since many people enjoy poetry
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A DEPENDENT CLAUSE will be a FRAGMENT when the
clause begins with a capital letter and ends in a period or question mark.
THIS IS A GRAMMATICAL ERROR!
Because he memorized a poem.
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What makes a clause DEPENDENT?
A clause is dependent when it begins with a subordinate word.
Examples: when, while, which, because, since, unless, etc.
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A DEPENDENT CLAUSE needs an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE to create a true
sentence.
Because he memorized a poem, Cooper will receive
extra credit.
Cooper will receive extra credit because he memorized
a poem.
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I CAN…
determine the difference between a dependent and independent clause, and identify them in a sentence.
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Let’s Practice!
Independent Clause = “I”
Dependent Clause = “D”
If it is dependent, rewrite it to make it a complete sentence
REWRITE:
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although it was rainingD
REWRITE:
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John saw squirrels playingI
REWRITE:
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whenever she gets poor grades in math
D
REWRITE:
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when you finish your homework
D
REWRITE:
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I didn’t want to wear a jacketI
REWRITE:
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because you had to drive to a meeting
D
REWRITE:
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When an independent clause and a dependent clause are put together to form one sentence we call it a COMPLEX sentence.
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PUNCTUATION:When the dependent
clause comes first, it is usually followed by a
comma.
When the rain stops, the game will begin.
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PUNCTUATION:When the dependent
clause comes last, there is generally no comma.
The game will begin when the rain stops.
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Let’s Practice!
REWRITE each complex sentence by changing the order of the independent and dependent clauses.
Underling the independent clause in each complex sentence
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I got to work late because I had car trouble.
Rewrite: Because I had car trouble, I got to work late.
1. Rewrite the sentence2. Underline the independent clause in your new sentence
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Whenever she’s nervous, she bites her nails.
Rewrite: She bites her nails whenever she is nervous.
1. Rewrite the sentence2. Underline the independent clause in your new sentence
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If I had a job like yours, I would quit!
Rewrite: I would quit if I had a job like yours!
1. Rewrite the sentence2. Underline the independent clause in your new sentence
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Many people watch too much TV although they know better.
Rewrite: Although they know better, many people watch too much TV.
1. Rewrite the sentence2. Underline the independent clause in your new sentence