Download - CMPE 150 – Winter 09
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CMPE 150 – Winter 09
Lecture 2
January 8, 2009
P.E. Mantey
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CMPE 150 -- Introduction to Computer Networks
Instructor: Patrick Mantey [email protected] http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~mantey/
Office: Engr. 2 Room 595J Office hours: Tuesday 3-5 PM TA: Anselm Kia [email protected] Web site: http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe150/Winter09/
Text: Tannenbaum: Computer Networks (4th edition – available in bookstore, etc. )
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Syllabus
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Assignment #1
Available on the web site:http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe150/Winter09/
Due Thursday January 15, 2009
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Today’s Agenda
“Big Picture”, terminology Networking Overview (continued) Protocol Concepts Network Software Architecture(s) History (ARPA Net, NSF Net) Networks Today: ATM, Ethernet, etc.
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Network Hardware Local Area Networks Metropolitan Area
Networks Wide Area Networks Wireless Networks Home Networks Internetworks
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Classification of Networks by Transmission Technologies
Broadcast Selection by addressing Multicast
Point-to-Point unicast
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Classification of interconnected processors by scale
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Home Network Categories
Computers (desktop PC, PDA, shared peripherals Entertainment (TV, DVD, VCR, camera, stereo,
MP3) Telecomm (telephone, cell phone, intercom, fax) Appliances (furnace, air conditioner, oven,
clothes dryer, pool pump, lights, microwave, refigerator..)
Telemetry (utility meter, burglar alarm, babycam).
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Local Area Networks
Two broadcast networks (a) Bus (b) Ring (e.g. IEEE 802.5)
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Metropolitan Area Networks
A metropolitan area network based on cable TV -- New alternative is “WiMax” – IEEE 802.16
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Wide Area Networks
Relation between hosts on LANs and the subnet.
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Wide Area Networks (2)
A stream of packets from sender to receiver-routers “store and forward” – “packet switching”
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Wireless Networks Categories of wireless networks: System interconnection
Master/slave Wireless LANs (e.g. 802.11) Wireless WANs (e.g. 802.16)
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Wireless Networks (a) Bluetooth
configuration (b) Wireless LAN
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Protocols Used for communications between entities in a
system Must speak the same language Entities
User applications e-mail facilities terminals
Systems Computer Terminal Remote sensor
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Layered Architecture Each layer offers a service Details of how service is offered in
hidden Each layer talks to the layer
immediatley “above” and the layer “below”
“protocol”: communication rules
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Key Elements of a Protocol Syntax
Data formats Signal levels
Semantics Control information Error handling
Timing Speed matching Sequencing
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Network SoftwareProtocol Hierarchies
Layers, protocols, and interfaces.
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Protocol Architecture
Task of communication broken up into modules
For example file transfer could use three modules File transfer application Communication service module Network access module
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Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services
Six different types of service.
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Service Primitives
Five service primitives for implementing a simple connection-oriented service
(Tannenbaum, pg. 35-6)
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Service Primitives (2)
Packets sent in a simple client-server interaction on a connection-oriented network.
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Services to Protocols Relationship
The relationship between a service and a protocol.
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Simplified File Transfer Architecture
Stallings Chapter 1
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A Three Layer Model
Application Layer Transport Layer Network Access Layer
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Network Access Layer
Exchange of data between the computer and the network
Sending computer provides address of destination
May invoke levels of service Dependent on type of network
used (LAN, packet switched etc.)
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Transport Layer
Reliable data exchange Independent of network being
used Independent of application
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Application Layer
Support for different user applications
e.g. e-mail, file transfer
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Addressing Requirements
Two levels of addressing required Each computer needs unique
network address Each application on a (multi-
tasking) computer needs a unique address within the computer The service access point or SAP
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Protocol Architectures and Networks
Stallings Chapter 1
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Protocols in Simplified Architecture
Stallings Chapter 1
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Protocol Data Units (PDU)
At each layer, protocols are used to communicate Control information is added to user data at each
layer Transport layer may fragment user data Each fragment has a transport header added
Destination SAP Sequence number Error detection code
This gives a transport protocol data unit
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Network PDU
Adds network header network address for destination
computer Facilities requests
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Operation of a Protocol Architecture
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TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
Developed by the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) for its packet switched network (ARPANET)
Used by the global Internet No official model but a working
one.
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TCP/IP Reference Model Application layer Transport layer (Host-to-host layer) Internet layer Host-to-Network layer
Network access layer Physical layer
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Physical Layer Physical interface between data
transmission device (e.g. computer) and transmission medium or network
Characteristics of transmission medium
Signal levels Multiplexing / demultiplexing Data rates etc.
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Network Access Layer(Host-to-Network Layer)
Exchange of data between end system and network
Destination address provision Invoking services like priority
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Internet (Network) Layer (IP)
Systems may be attached to different networks
Routing functions across multiple networks
Implemented in end systems and routers
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Transport Layer (TCP)
Reliable delivery of data Ordering of delivery
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Application Layer
Support for user applications e.g. http, SMPT
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TCP/IP Protocol Architecture Model
Stallings Chapter 1
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OSI Model
Open Systems Interconnection Developed by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Seven layers A theoretical system delivered too
late! TCP/IP is the de facto standard
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OSI Layers
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
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OSI vs TCP/IP (From Stallings, Ch. 1)
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Internet Layering
Level 5 -- Application Layer (rlogin, ftp, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, HTTP..)
Level 4 -- Transport Layer(a.k.a Host-to-Host)(TCP, UDP, ARP, ICMP, etc.)
Level 3 -- Network Layer (a.k.a. Internet) (IP)Level 2 -- (Data) Link Layer / MAC sub-layer
(a.k.a. Network Interface or Network Access Layer)
Level 1 -- Physical Layer