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CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES AND OVERWEIGHT STATUS IN MEXICAN
IMMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS
Co-Principal Investigators:Luz Elvia Vera Becerra, UGTOMartha Lopez, UCCE VenturaLucia Kaiser, UC Davis
Funded by UCMEXUS California Mexico Health Initiative
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A BINATIONAL STUDY
Guanajuato
Ventura, California
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PURPOSE To compare cultural attitudes and beliefs, child
feeding practices, and overweight status of children ages 1 to 6 years among Mexican families living in California (CA) or Guanajuato, Mexico (MX).
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RESEARCH DESIGN
Cross-sectional interviews from May through October 2006 among Site 1: 96 families in Ventura, CA (urban);
Site 2: 91 families in San Gregorio, GTO (village) ;
Site 3: 109 families in Cuerámaro, GTO (small town)
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DATA COLLECTION AND PROCEDURES
Household demographics and food insecurity (past and current)
In households with more than one child 1 to 6 years, target child was randomly selected.
Target child: history of infant feeding, current feeding practices, maternal perception of child’s weight, FFQ, 2 dietary recall
Obtain consent, interview mothers, follow-up phone call/contact, provide gift
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ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS
All children under 7 yrs: measured weight and height (if < 2 yrs, length)
Mother’s measured weight and height
Used new WHO growth, 12-60 mos; CDC used for 61 mos and older
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INTERVIEWING FAMILIES
Health center (Mexico) Home (California)
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TABLE 1.CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY PARTICIPANTS (TARGET CHILD)
US
n = 94MX
n = 200P-value
Gender (Female) 51.06 % 45.05%
NS
Age (months) Mean ± (SD)
50.8 (±19.59) 45.5 (±20.0) NS
Household size (no.) Mean ± (SD)
4.6 ( + 1.1) 6.0 (+ 2.4) P=0.0001
Educational level of mother (yrs). Mean ± (SD). n= 96
8.4 (± 2.8)
5.9 (± 3.0)
P=0.0001
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FIGURE 1. GROWTH STATUS OF CHILDREN 1 TO 2 YEARS (N=47)
• 2005 WHO Growth Reference
NS
NS NS
50th percentile
>85th percentile
NS= Not significant
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FIGURE 2. GROWTH STATUS OF CHILDREN 2 TO 6 YEARS (N=352)
p<.001
NS
• WHO References for children 24 to 60 mo• CDC References for children > 60 mo
50th percentile
>85th percentile
>97 percentile
NS= Not signifficant
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TABLE 2. MATERNAL PERCEPTIONS AND CONCERN RELATED TO CHILD’S GROWTH AND SIZE FOR CHILDREN
California% (n)
Mexico% (n)
Worried about child becoming underweight (n=296)
58.6 (34) 94.4(134) p=.0001
Worried about child becoming overweight (n=296)
68.0 (40) 88.0 (125) p=.001
% of mothers correctly identifying child as being heavy (n=90)
28.89(13) 26.7(12) (NS)
% of mothers ever told by MD that child is heavy (n=90)
17.78 (8) 17.8(8) (NS)
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TABLE 3. INFANT FEEDING PRACTICES
Californian =95
% (n)
Mexicon = 200
% (n)
Any breastfeeding 82.1 (78) 87.0 (174) (NS)
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 1 month
77.9 (74) 82.6 (161) (NS)
Any formula in first 12 months 71.6 (68) 58.5(117) p=0.012
Cow’s milk before 12 mo of age 15.8 (15) 34.3(68) p=.01
Teas/sweetened beverages (including soda)
30.5(29) 76.0(152) p=.0001
Duration of breastfeeding (mo) Mean + SD
8.3(+7.4) 11.0( +7.7) p=.04
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FREQUENCY OF CONSUMING DIFFERENT FOODS IN CA COMPARED TO MX
Consumed more often in CA Consumed less often in CA
Cheese (both Mexican-and American-style
Quesadillas
Pizza
Hamburgers
Hot dogs
Ketchup
Cereal
Candies
Fried beans
Corn tortillas
Rice
Whole milk
Soda
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CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of overweight appears greater in
young Mexican immigrant children in CA than in their counterparts in MX.
California mothers are not more likely to be worried about their children becoming overweight.
There are no differences in being able to correctly identify their children as overweight.
Most mothers of overweight children, in either country, had not been informed that their child is overweight.
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OTHER RESEARCH TEAM MEMBERS
Mexican team: Luz Elvia Vera Dolores Avalos Elsa Ballesteros Carolina Alvarez Sofia Graciano
US team: Lucia Kaiser Martha Lopez Blanca Arias
Velasquez Virginia Chaidez