Download - CO2 capturing & sequestration process- CCS
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A SEMINAR ON
CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURING & SEQUESTRATION (CCS)
JUSTIN K GEORGE ME CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AISSMS COE PUNE
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Objectives
Identify the major sources of CO2
To understand the CCS process
CCS methods
Impact of CCS on environment
Advantages & disadvantages of CCS
To understand the DAC process
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IntroductionCO2 is one of the major greenhouse gas
IPCC report illustrate the estimated CO2 emission ranges are,
from 29 to 44GtCO2/year in 2020 &
from 23 to 84GtCO2/year in 2050
Projected potential of CO2 capture (CCS) is,
2.6 to 4.9GtCO2/year in 2020 ,i.e. 9-12% of emission &
4.7 to 37.5GtCO2/year in 2050 ,i.e. 4.7-37.5% of emission
Several researches are now going on CCS
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CO2 Cycle
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Physical & Chemical Properties of CO2 • Appearance, Odor and State: Colorless and odorless. A slightly acid gas.
It is felt by some to have a slight pungent odor and biting taste.
• Molecular Weight: 44.01
• Gas Density (at 70°F (21.1 °C) and 1 atm ):1.832 kg/ m3
• Vapor Pressure (at 70°F (21.1°C)): 838 psig
• Specific Gravity (Air =1): 1.522
• Specific Volume (at 21.1°C and1atm):0.5457 m3 /kg
• Boiling Point: -109.3 °F (-78.5 °C)
• Triple Point (At 60.4 psig): -69.9 °F (-56.6 °C)
• Solubility In Water (Vol./Vol. at 20 °C): 0.90
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Major Sources of CO2
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Carbon Capture Technology
1. Pre-combustion carbon capture
2. Post-combustion carbon capture
3. Oxy-combustion carbon capture
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CO2 Separation Techniques• Chemical and physical absorption
• Physical and chemical adsorption
• Low-temperature distillation
• Gas-separation membranes
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Carbon Sequestration Ways that carbon can be stored (sequestered):
In plants and soil “Terrestrial Sequestration” (“carbon
sinks”)
Underground “Geological Sequestration”
Deep in ocean “Ocean Sequestration”
As a solid material (still in development)
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Terrestrial Sequestration Through photosynthesis & stored as carbon in biomass &
soils.
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Geological Sequestration
Types of Rocks1. Sedimentary Rock 2. Igneous Rock3. Metamorphic Rock- Injection of liquid CO2 in a depths more than 1 km;
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Ocean Sequestration Dissolution type & Lake type
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CCS: Environmental ImpactsGround water quality degradation
Resource damage (hydrocarbon resources)
Ecosystem degradation(Marine & Terrestrial)
Public safety
Release to atmosphere
In ocean storage carbon dioxide reacts with water to form acidLeakages pose local risks to health and ecosystems.
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Current Maturity of CCS System
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Direct Air Capture (DAC)Carbon Engineering -Canadian company (2009 - generation of ultra low carbon intensity liquid fuels. CEs technology includes two processes 1. an air contactor 2. a regeneration cycle
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• CCS is one of the important measures that will make a significant
impact on reducing CO2 emissions.
• CCS implementation is picking up pace internationally ,
Several activities have been initiated worldwide in the development of
CO2 capture for power generation industry.
• DAC- CEs Technology gives future scope
• CCS can make impact on climate change
Conclusion
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References Gibbins, J., Chalmers, H. (2007). Preparing for global rollout: A ‘developed country
first’ demonstration programme for rapid CCS deployment. Energy Policy. doi:10.1016/j.enol.2007.10.021.
Jose ´ D. Figueroa, Timothy Fout- Advances in CO2 capture technology—The U.S. Department of Energy’s Carbon Sequestration Program.
United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, http://www.ipcc.ch/ International Energy Agency, http://www.iea.org World Coal Institute, http://www.worldcoal.org/ European Zero Emission Playfom, http://www.zeroemissionsplatform.eu/ www.carbonengineering.com Pankaj Patware , Girish Thakur- A Roadmap For “Carbon Capture And Sequestration” In The Indian Context: A critical Review, 2013 Sean I. Plasynski ,US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory -Review of coz
capture technologies and some improvement opportunities. James T. Yeh and Henry W. Pennline ,National Energy Technology Laboratory,U.S.
Department of Energy-Study of CO, Absorption and Desorption in a Packed Column
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THANK YOU