Cold War BeginsCold War Begins
Post-WWII NotesPost-WWII Notes
US GoalsUS Goals
Provide democracy and promote Provide democracy and promote economic opportunityeconomic opportunity– Serves US interests – New MarketsServes US interests – New Markets
Soviet UnionSoviet Union
Rebuild to protect its interestsRebuild to protect its interests Satellite NationsSatellite Nations Installed and supported totalitarian Installed and supported totalitarian
Communist GovernmentsCommunist Governments– Eastern EuropeEastern Europe
To prevent future invasionsTo prevent future invasions– Germany had invaded the Soviet Union Germany had invaded the Soviet Union
twice through Poland. So they want to twice through Poland. So they want to install friendly governments (Communist)install friendly governments (Communist)
Iron CurtainIron Curtain
Created by post-war goalsCreated by post-war goals 1946 speech by Churchill1946 speech by Churchill
– Start of Cold WarStart of Cold War– http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=jvax5VUvjWQv=jvax5VUvjWQvideo
Cold WarCold War
Competition between US and Soviets Competition between US and Soviets for world power and influencefor world power and influence– Capitalism v. CommunistCapitalism v. Communist– West v. EastWest v. East– Democracy v. Totalitarian Gov. Democracy v. Totalitarian Gov.
(Command)(Command)
Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine
March 12, 1947March 12, 1947 Military aid to Greece and TurkeyMilitary aid to Greece and Turkey Support free peoples who are resisting Support free peoples who are resisting
attempted subjugation by armed attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressuresminorities or by outside pressures
$400 million$400 million Also called European Recovery ProgramAlso called European Recovery Program Follows policy of Containment – Keep Follows policy of Containment – Keep
Communism limited to areas it currently Communism limited to areas it currently controls – keep it from spreadingcontrols – keep it from spreading
Marshall PlanMarshall Plan June 5, 1947June 5, 1947 Created by George C. Marshall – Created by George C. Marshall –
– Sec of StateSec of State Reason for aidReason for aid
– Humanitarian issuesHumanitarian issues– Prevent the spread of CommunismPrevent the spread of Communism
The planThe plan– US $13 billion in reliefUS $13 billion in relief– If: European nations came together and agreed If: European nations came together and agreed
on a rational plan on how they would use iton a rational plan on how they would use it Pre-cursor to European UnionPre-cursor to European Union Also offered to Soviets – Stalin rejected itAlso offered to Soviets – Stalin rejected it
Marshall Plan Cont.Marshall Plan Cont.
BenefitsBenefits– Fed the homelessFed the homeless– Stopped the spread of communismStopped the spread of communism– Helped US economyHelped US economy– Bolstered factory production levelBolstered factory production level– Improved the standard of livingImproved the standard of living
CriticismsCriticisms– American ImperialismAmerican Imperialism
Control EuropeControl Europe
US StrategyUS Strategy
Containment – Contain Communism Containment – Contain Communism to areas in currently exits – do not let to areas in currently exits – do not let it spreadit spread
Domino Theory – If we allow Domino Theory – If we allow Communism to spread the region will Communism to spread the region will fall to Communism like a row of fall to Communism like a row of dominosdominos
Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference February 1945February 1945 FDR, Churchill, and StalinFDR, Churchill, and Stalin Purpose: Future of Germany and PolandPurpose: Future of Germany and Poland FDR and ChurchillFDR and Churchill
– Divide Germany into occupational zonesDivide Germany into occupational zones– Soviets enter war against JapanSoviets enter war against Japan– Have Polish elections – Future GovernmentHave Polish elections – Future Government
StalinStalin– Dismantle German factories and industriesDismantle German factories and industries– Germany pay $10 billion in reparationsGermany pay $10 billion in reparations– Concerned over Poland – invasion route of RussiaConcerned over Poland – invasion route of Russia– Occupied and supported the Communist GovernmentOccupied and supported the Communist Government
Potsdam ConferencePotsdam Conference
July 1945July 1945 Truman and StalinTruman and Stalin Cont. of Yalta ConferenceCont. of Yalta Conference
– Split Germany into 4 zonesSplit Germany into 4 zones– Polish elections – never take placePolish elections – never take place
Western Europe RebuildsWestern Europe Rebuilds Germany divided Germany divided
– Allies occupied Western Germany Allies occupied Western Germany – Soviets occupied Eastern GermanySoviets occupied Eastern Germany– West gains democracy and enjoys an economic West gains democracy and enjoys an economic
boomboomAs East Germans begin to flee As East Germans begin to flee to the West the Soviets built a to the West the Soviets built a giant fortified wall to keep Eastgiant fortified wall to keep East Germans in the EastGermans in the East
NATONATO
April 4, 1949April 4, 1949 US, Canada, and nine other countries US, Canada, and nine other countries
formed a new military allianceformed a new military alliance North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization Goal: Safeguard freedom Goal: Safeguard freedom and security of its membersand security of its members by political or military meansby political or military means All countries contribute All countries contribute force and equipmentforce and equipment
Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact
Soviets response to NATOSoviets response to NATO– Satellite nations - is a country that is Satellite nations - is a country that is
dominated politically and economically dominated politically and economically by the Soviet Union by the Soviet Union
