•The Yalta Conference
•The Soviets were given control of Eastern Europe
•This means that which kind of government will be in
control of this part of the world?
•Stalin spread
communism to satellite
nations of the USSR and
did not hold the free
elections he promised.
(satellite nations=those
controlled by other nations)
President Truman
• He has a Policy of Containment
Containment
action of keeping something harmful under control / within limits
President Truman
• He has a Policy of Containment
•Policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and
stopping expansion of communism
•Included: forming alliances and helping weak
countries resist Soviet advances
•Truman Doctrine: support for countries who
rejected communism
•“Iron Curtain”—
Churchill’s term for the division
that fell on Europe with
Democracy in the west and Soviet
control in the east
•The Cold War escalated and
soon divided the world into
“eastern” and “western”—the
east dominated by the USSR
and the west led by the US.
The ideological basis of the Cold War
was conflict between communism and
—
A monarchy
B socialism
C democracy
D fascism
Which leader was most closely associated
with stopping the spread of communism?
A Jomo Kenyatta
B Mohandas Gandhi
C Harry Truman
D Kaiser Wilhelm II
During the decades immediately after World War
II, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Poland
were —
A democracies with free market economies
B dominated by the Soviet Union
C provinces of Austria-Hungary
D divided into smaller independent states
•Began when the Soviet Union tested the Atomic-bomb
•It showed others could and would get “the bomb”
The presence of nuclear weapons has influenced patterns of conflict and cooperation since 1945.
•The North was controlled by the Communist government – Backed by the Soviets
•The South was controlled by a dictatorship – Backed by the U.S.
•North Korea invades South Korea
•US, United Nations, China all become involved
•At war for 3 years—trench warfare mostly
•Korea splits permanently
•North: Communist
•South: Democratic
Which statement best describes the region indicated on this map?
F It housed a British protectorate that was returned to Chinese control.
G It was a refuge for nationalists after a civil war in China.
H It housed a monastery for a powerful sect of Chinese monks.
J It was acquired from Japan after the Chinese-Japanese Wars.
• Which of the following explains the rise in military
spending on the graph?
• F World War I
• G World War II
• H The Korean War
• J The Persian Gulf War
•Sputnik was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957
•It was the first satellite to be put into Earth’s orbit
•Space Race begins!
•Cuba was a Communist country with Fidel Castro as the
leader
•It was harsh
•They were backed by the Soviet Union
•Cuban exiles (trained by the CIA) land in Cuba for a counter-revolution against Fidel Castro
(1300 of them).
•US did not support exiles (as promised).
•Invasion is crushed—exiles are imprisoned and tortured—eventually traded to the US
The Soviet Union decided to
put a wall between West Berlin
and the rest of East Germany
In 1961, they would turn the
fence into a giant wall
The Soviet Union decided to
put a wall between West Berlin
and the rest of East Germany
In 1961, they would turn the
fence into a giant wall
The Soviet Union decided to
put a wall between West Berlin
and the rest of East Germany
In 1961, they would turn the
fence into a giant wall
• The occupied areas shown in
this map became the countries
of —
• A Bosnia and Serbia
• B Albania and Yugoslavia
• C East Pakistan and West
Pakistan
• D East Germany and West
Germany
•“closest” the superpowers ever came to a nuclear exchange.
•Castro allowed Soviets to put medium-range missiles in Cuba—
could attack almost all the US with little warning.
•US spy planes see missiles being built
•Kennedy (JFK) blockades Cuba by surrounding it with Navy ships
•US spy planes see missiles being built
•Kennedy (JFK) blockades Cuba by surrounding it with Navy ships
•Kennedy goes on national TV & demands Soviets remove
missiles.
•He threatens to stop any Russian ship going to Cuba
•Kennedy goes on national TV & demands Soviets remove
missiles.
•He threatens to stop any Russian ship going to Cuba
•Standoff lasts 13 days
•Kruschev (leader of the USSR after Stalin) backs down and
agrees to remove missiles if US promises not to invade Cuba
•Kruschev (leader of the USSR after Stalin) backs down and
agrees to remove missiles if US promises not to invade Cuba
•US keeps base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; still there today
The United States threatened to use nuclear
weapons during the —
F Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
G Chinese Civil War
H Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
J Cuban Missile Crisis
•North Vietnam was Communist (supported by the Chinese, also Communist)
•South Vietnam was a democracy supported by the United States
•On August 2, 1964, the U.S. destroyer USS Maddox engaged three North Vietnamese Navy torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin near north
Vietnam.
•On August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, authorizing President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary
to retaliate and to promote international peace and security in southeast Asia.
•On August 2, 1964, the U.S. destroyer USS Maddox engaged three North Vietnamese Navy torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin near north
Vietnam.
•On August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, authorizing President Johnson to take any measures necessary to retaliate and to
promote international peace and security in southeast Asia.
•The U.S. sends troops to Vietnam and fight with the South Vietnamese
Vietcong
Communist Vietnam army of the North
•The U.S. sends troops to Vietnam and fight with the South Vietnamese
•US fights Vietcong in jungles—guerrilla warfare (ambush, mines, traps—unlike any war before in
the United States)
•The U.S. sends troops to Vietnam and fight with the South Vietnamese
•US fights Vietcong in jungles—guerrilla warfare (ambush, mines, traps—unlike any war before in
the United States)
Guerrilla Warfare
irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants use non-traditional
military tactics
•The U.S. sends troops to Vietnam and fight with the South Vietnamese
•US fights Vietcong in jungles—guerrilla warfare (ambush, mines, traps—unlike any war before in
the United States)
•Richard Nixon is elected in 1968
•Begins Vietnamization
Vietnamization
Train South Vietnamese forces better to take over fighting and Americans can
come home
•Becomes Soviet Premier
•Glasnost—openness for government
•Peristroika—restructuring of Soviet economy
•Has many talks with Ronald Reagan about government and economics.
Communism failed as an economic system in the Soviet Union and elsewhere due to the
following things.
•Eastern Europe (Poland first) abandons communism
•Berlin Wall is torn down
•Nationalism grows in Warsaw Pact countries
•Soviet Union economy collapses
•Soviet Union breaks up
•NATO expands
•USSR breaks into 15 separate countries:
Russia Latvia Kazakhstan
Georgia Estonia Turkmenistan
Ukraine Moldova Uzbekistan
Armenia Lithuania Azerbaijan
Belarus Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan
• After WWI Nationalists
overthrow the Qing Dynasty in
China
• They started a new republic
• Japan invaded and occupied
part of China during WWII
while China was involved in a
civil war (Nationalist v.
Communist)
• Rape of Nanking
• Communists were led
by Mao Zedong and
aided by the Soviet
Union (Lenin)
• Nationalists were led by
Chiang Kai-shek (later
known as Jiang Jieshi) and
wanted a democracy
• Peasants and lower class supported the
Communist promise of land
• Middle and upper class bankers, business
owners, etc. supported democracy and
Nationalists
• Civil War between the two lasted until
WWII when the Japanese invaded
• After WWII when the Japanese left China,
the war resumed
• Communists and Mao are in the north
• Nationalists and Jiang are in the south
• Northern China
•Mainland China
• Supported by the Soviet Union
• Wanted National liberation
• Strong public support
• Experienced in guerilla military
strategies
• Southern China • Island of Taiwan
• Supported by the United States
• Wanted to defeat the Communists
• Little public support because of inflation and a failing economy
• Ineffective military with corrupt leadership and poor morale
• 1949 Mao Zedong gains control of the
country (People’s Republic of China)
• Nationalists and Jiang flee to Taiwan and
set up separate government (which the
Chinese still claim is theirs)
• Different from Soviet Communism
• Mao forcibly seizes farmland and
redistributes to larger percent of
population in collective farms (called
Communes)
• Business was gradually brought under
government control with 5 year plans
• Great Leap Forward—communes become larger
and everything is state owned and run.
• People lived in communal dorms, had communal
dining room, communal nurseries, etc.
• No incentive for workers and the Great Leap
became a failure—ended in 1961 after great
famine
• Goal of the Red Guards was to make all peasants and workers equal in all ways
• Art, Literature, etc. glorified the life of the common peasant who worked with his hands
• Colleges were shut down, schools were closed, media outlets were stopped, they wanted to “purify” the upper classes/educated
• Thousands were killed or imprisoned
• Factories and farms had to shut down
• Mao ends the revolution because of the
threat of civil war—the Red Guards were
put down