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Combining Advanced-RNP with SBAS Guided Precision Terminal Area Paths and Final Approach Guidance Exploiting All Benefits from Performance Based Navigation Thomas Dautermann and Robert Geister
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 1
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I. PBN and advanced RNP, Terminal Area Paths and SBAS guidance
II. Segmented and curved approach paths in Braunschweig A. Boundary Conditions B. Procedure Design C. Flight Test Setup D. Results
III. Missed Approach Guidance at Egelsbach A. Boundary Conditions B. Procedure Design C. Flight Test Setup D. Results
IV. Greater Impact and Conclusion
Overview
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 2
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• RNP (Required Navigation Performance) • Guidance generally provided by GNSS • Error must be smaller than specified value
95% of the time (i.e. RNP 0.3) • RNP AR
• Special Aircraft and Aircrew Authorization Required (SAAAR)
• Approach Capable (RNP AR APCH) • Curved Legs (Radius to Fix) with
precise ground track • Advanced RNP APCH
• Scaled Down version of RNP AR APCH
Combining Advanced-RNP …
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 3
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• SBAS – Satellite Based Augmentation Systems
…with SBAS Guided Precision …
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 4
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…Terminal Area Paths…
• Originally from GBAS • TAP functionality allows design of
curved approach paths (MT4 of GBAS) • Vertical Guidance is provided
• Idea: Use SBAS instead of GBAS and
store these in onboard database
• Additionally, a displacement sensitivity can be assigned to every individual leg
• Every TAP can be linked to a Final Approach Segment (FAS)
• FAS is a straight-in final segment in a ILS-look-alike fashion
• During a TAP the deviations are linear, during a FAS they are angular
RTCA DO-246D
5
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015
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• LPV • Localizer and glidepath computed from
augmented GNSS data • Usually SBAS Augmentation
… and Final Approach Guidance
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 6
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Error Sources
Total System Error (TSE) consists of: Navigation System Error (NSE); the error between actual position and
the estimated position of the navigation system Flight Technical Error (FTE); the error between defined flight path and
estimated position Path definition Error (PDE) is negligible
www.DLR.de • Chart 7 > ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015
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Braunschweig Research Airport
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 8
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Boundary Conditions
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 9
RF Legs
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Boundary Conditions
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 10
Noise Sensitive Areas
RF Legs
Segmented Vertical Profile 3° 4.5° 3° Continuous Descent
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Flight Test Setup
• DLR’s Advanced Technology Research Aircraft (ATRA) • Airbus A320-232
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 11
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Flight Test Setup
- Experimental cockpit display on F/O side - Manual flight only for all approaches
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 12
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Flight Test Setup
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 13
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Results
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 14
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Results
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 15
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Results
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 16
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> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 17
Results
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> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 18
Results
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> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 19
Results
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Egelsbach Airport
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 20
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Boundary Conditions
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 21
Frankfurt International/EDDF
Egelsbach/EDFE
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Boundary Conditions
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 22
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Boundary Conditions
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 23
1.36 NM
2500ft
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Boundary Conditions
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 24
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Boundary Conditions
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 25
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Procedure Design
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 26
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Flight Test Setup
• Netjets Hawker 750 CS-DUH • Two full approaches with missed
approach • 150 kts IAS maximum in RF leg • First approach with autopilot and LPV • Second approach with flight director
and LNAV/VNAV • Data from Wintec G-Rays 2 GPS
Logger (less accurate but higher frequency)
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 27
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Flight Test Setup
• Surface wind calm • Altitude wind from FMS 180/20 • Analysis of Total System Error (TSE)
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 28
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Results Flight Track All Approaches
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 www.DLR.de • Chart 29
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Results: Lateral Track Deviations
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 34
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Braunschweig • SBAS can provide 3D type B approaches similar to GBAS, but does not
require ground infrastructure • TAPs can and should also be coded in airborne database and provide vertical
guidance in the terminal area. • TSE is comparable to GBAS (manually flown with flight director) Egelsbach • Procedure could be implemented under advanced RNP specifications with
RNP0.3 for the missed approach. • Proposed amendment to ICAO Annex 14 would allow IAP to non-instrument
runway. „Non-instrument runway: A runway intended for the operation of aircraft using visual approach procedures or an instrument approach procedure down to minima equal to or better than VMC.”
• Obstacle assessment must be performed and legal issues must be clarified (IFR in airspace G etc.). Balked Landing must remain VMC
Conclusions
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 35
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• SBAS guided approaches in fringe areas Canaries, Azores, Bahamas • SBAS approaches in overlapping service areas of different providers also
Acores
• Advanced RNP for General Aviation
• Advanced RNP for procedural independence and noise abatement
• Stabilization criteria for RNP to ILS approaches
Outlook on Future Operations and Research Topics
> ATM Seminar 2015 > Dauterrmann/Geister • 376 > 23.06.2015 DLR.de • Chart 36
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DLR.de • Chart 37
Questions ?