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COMET HYDROMET 99-2
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Enhancements to PPS• Build 10 (Nov. 1998)
– Terrain Following Hybrid Scan– Graphical Hybrid Scan– Adaptable parameters appended to DPA
• Open Systems RPG– Radar Echo Classifier– Range Correction– Mean Field Bias Correction
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Radar Precipitation Estimation Stage II and III Processing
HDP4 km res.
Stage IIStage II
WHFS
Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction
Stage III
WFO RFC
Rain gages
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Stage II
• Processing for individual radars
• 4 km resolution on HRAP grid
• 131 x 131 array
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Stage II
• Mean field bias adjustment
• multisensor gage/radar merging
• gage only analysis
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Stage II processing
• Generally run once per hour at H+15 mins for each radar using hourly rainfall ending at H+00 min
• Updated every hour to incorporate late arriving gage data by (H+1:15,H+2:15 etc)
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Automated QC of HDP Data
• Removal of HRAP bin data that are consistently bad (e.g. Mountain blockage or ground clutter contamination)
• Removal of bin data contaminated by anomolous propagation (AP) though use of GOES IR satellite and surface temperature data
• Removal of outlier bin data (R > threshold)
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Mean Field Bias Adjustment
• Attempts to account for uniform errors over the entire field such as radar calibration, improper Z-R relationship
• Bias is a function of current and previous hours bias
• Memory span parameter indicates how many hours to look into the past when determining the current bias
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Mean Field Bias Adjustment
B k* is the estimated bias for hour K
Z g(u i,k) is the i-th gage ra infa ll a t location u i a t hour j
Z r(u i,k) is the i-th radar ra infa ll a t loca tion u i a t hour j
N j is the number of radar-gage pa irs a t hour j
K is the current hour
L is the lag in hours
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Single Optimal EstimationHRAP GRID
R0
R2
R3
R1R0 = “TRUE” value
P rob lem : E s tim ate R 0 (i .e . R e) Gi ven R 1,R 2,R 3
R 0 = f(R 1,R 2,R 3) = w 1R 1 + w 2R 2 + w 3R 3 = w i R i W h ere w i ’s are u n k n o w n
F ind W i ’ s so th a t
E [(R e-R O )2] V (m in i m ize th e erro r varian ce)
fo r i = 1 ,2 ,3
so l ve fo r w i ’s
d o fo r a ll H R A P G rid p oin ts
VW
i
0
R 0 = f(R 1,R 2,R 3) = w 1R 1 + w 2R 2 + w 3R 3 = w i R i
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Stage II Multisensor Rainfall Field Generation
A
B
BIAS
1) Start with 1 hour radaraccumulations (HDP) which maycontain mean and local biases
2) Remove mean field bias
3) Merge Gage and Radar Observations
R = Bias*R
Re=w1G1 + w2G2 +w3G3+w4R
A
A
B
B
Cross Section
Cross Section
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Stage II
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Stage III
• Mosaics Stage II multisensor rainfall estimates on to larger HRAP grid
• Interactive Quality Control
• Can be used as main input into hydrologic models through (MAPX)
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Stage III Mosaic
• In areas that where more than one radar overlaps forecaster has choice:– mean value of overlapping bins– maximum value of overlapping bins
• If multisensor field is not available for a given area, the gage only field is used
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Stage III interactive features
• Display geographic overlays
• Time Lapse
• Zoom
• Display and Edit Gages
• Add pseudo gages
• Delete AP
• Re-run Stage II and re-mosaic
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Important Adaptable Parameters
• Memory Span (1-1000)– controls responsiveness of bias adjustment
• Indicator Cross Correlation Coefficient (0-1)– controls how good radar verses gage is at
indicating where it is raining
• Conditional Cross Correlation Coefficient (0-1)– controls how good radar verses gage is at
indicating amount of rainfall
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Case Study
• Site: ABRFC
• Study impact of varying adaptable parameters
• Vary ICC (0-1)
• Vary CCC(0-1)
• Compare with 24 hour co-op gages
• Compare forecast with observed hydrograph
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WATTS RADAR ONLY WITH NO BIAS ADJUSTMENT
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WATTS GAGE ONLY
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WATTS RADAR ONLY WITH BIAS ADJUSTMENT
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WATTS MULTISENSOR ESTIMATE
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RFC-WIDE PPS
• Mosaic of data from lowest available height
• Radar Climatology used to define blocked areas
• Satellite and Model Data to delineate clear air AP
• No radar data taken from above freezing level used
• SOE to fill in missing areas using available gages and surrounding good radar data
• PRISM data used to scale estimates in missing areas
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PBZ Total Rainfall Summer Months
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Summer Coverage
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PBZ Total Rainfall Winter Months
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Winter coverage
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FCX frequency of rainfall
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FCX Coverage
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