Common Signs and Symptoms
Typically begin with behavioral changes Slow developing and very subtle May not be noticed early in development of
disorder Forgetfulness, anxiety, temper tantrums
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2
Diagnostic Tests
Physiologic testsBrain scans, EEGs, MRIs
Referral to psychiatrist for psychological testing
Aptitude test Personality test
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Developmental Disorders Mental Retardation - decreased
intelligence and ability to learn, socialize, and mature
Autism - developmental disorder Preoccupation with inner thoughts,
daydreams, fantasies, and delusions
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Developmental Disorders Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Inability to concentrate, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness
Stuttering Hesitancy of starting and finishing word Prolonged pauses between words
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Developmental Disorders Eating disorders
Bulimia Anorexia nervosa
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Developmental Disorders Tic disorders - sudden, rapid muscle
movement or vocalization Enuresis - bedwetting; urinary
incontinence after toilet training
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Substance-Related Mental Disorders
AlcoholismPhysical and mental dependence on alcoholChronic, progressive, and often fatal
Marijuana - “pot” Cocaine - accelerant to CNS and
anesthetic
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Substance-Related Mental Disorders
Caffeine and Nicotine - Most addictive substances
Sedatives or depressants – anti-anxiety
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Substance-Related Mental Disorders
Amphetamines - releases epinepherine, leading to increased heart rate and other body systems
Hallucinogens - psychedelic drugs
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Substance-Related Mental Disorders
Narcotics - depressants primarily prescribed as analgesics
Inhalants - legal substances including glue, nail polish, lighter fluid
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Organic Mental Disorders Physical cause Affects cognition and ability to think,
remember, and make judgments May be temporary or permanent
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Organic Mental Disorders Dementia - deterioration of mental
abilities due to physical changes in brain Delirium - acute condition from
medications, alcohol, fever, or illness Alzheimer’s - progressive and
irreversible form of dementia
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Psychosis
Disintegration of one’s personality Impaired communication skills Inability to deal with life’s demands Delusions and hallucinations Schizophrenia - lose touch with reality,
delusions
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Psychosis
Delusional disordersBelief in a delusion in an otherwise normally
adjusted and balanced personality
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Psychosis
TypesGrandioseJealousErotomanicPersecutorySomatic
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Mood or Affective Disorders Involve emotions:
Depression - prolonged feeling of extreme sadness or unhappiness, despair and discouragement
Seasonal Affective Disorder - depressive condition during winter months
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Mood or Affective Disorders Involve emotions:
Bipolar Disorder - depression in which extreme depression and mania occur
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Dissociative Disorders
Changes in identity or consciousness Types
Psychogenic amnesiaPsychogenic fugueDepersonalizationMultiple personality
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Anxiety Disorders
Temporary response to stress but may become chronic
TypesGeneralized anxiety disorderPanic disorderPhobia disorder
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Anxiety Disorders
TypesObsessive-Compulsive disorderPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder
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Somatoform Disorders
Physical symptoms but no organic cause can be foundConversion - “hysterical neurosis”Hypochondriasis - abnormal anxiety about
one’s body and health
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Somatoform DisordersPain disorderMalingeringMunchausen Syndrome
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Personality Disorders
Personality disordersParanoid Schizoid AntisocialNarcissistic Histrionic
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Sexual Disorders
Sexual disordersExhibitionismFetishismTransvestic fetishismFrotteurism
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Sexual Disorders
Sexual disordersPedophiliaSexual sadismSexual masochismVoyeurism
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Sleep Disorders
Insomnia Narcolepsy Sleep apnea Nightmare disorder Sleep terror Sleepwalking
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Trauma
Grief - natural process of coping with loss
Suicide - major concern with teenagers
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