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COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
MA YA WANG SHAN
NURULAINI TAIB NUR AINI OMOR
SAADIAH BAKARIMUniversity of Malaya, KL
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Communicative Competence
-- is a term in linguistics which refers to a language user’s grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, as well as social knowledge about how and
when to use utterances appropriately.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Cognitive / academic language proficiency (CALP)
a language-related term which refers
to formal academic learning. used to discuss the language proficiency levels of students who are in the process of acquiring a new language.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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• Basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS)
language skills needed to interact in social situations, primarily to context- bound, face-to-face communication.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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4 subcateg-ories of CC
Grammatical competence
Discourse competence
Strategic competence
Sociolinguistic competence
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Grammatical competence
the ability to recognize and produce the distinctive grammatical structures
of a language and to use them effectively in communication.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Discourse competence
the ability we have to connect sentences in stretches of discourse and to form a meaningful whole out of a series of utterances.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Sociolinguistic competence
the ability to interpret the social meaning of the choice of linguistic varieties and to use language with the appropriate social meaning for the communication situation.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Strategic competence
the manner of manipulating language in order to meet communicative goals. used to compensate communication disruption caused by lack of communicative competence and to strengthen communicative effects.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Language Functions
Bachman—illocutionary competence
Canale&Swain– discourse and sociolinguistic competence
PBET 2113 Group 6 ( TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Definition The purposes that we accomplish with language. E.g.: Stating, Requesting, Responding, Greeting, etc. Quiz:
1. A : Hello, Dan, Happy Chinese New Year to you and your family !
B : Thank you. Do come in. I'm glad you have come.
(A) To wish (B) To request
(C) To welcome (D) to inform
2. A : Lee fell while climbing up the rambutan tree.
B: I shouldn't have asked him to pluck the rambutans.
(A) To complain (B) To regret
(C) To apologize (D) To advise
3. A : Our team played badly, especially I.
B : It's all your fault. You have let the team down.
(A) To advise (B)To blame
(C)To warn (D)To protest PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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CommunicationA series of communicative acts or speech acts, which systematically to accomplish particular purpose. (John Austin)
Implication: Production & Comprehension----- Communicative act purpose.
Awareness for second language learners:1.What the purpose of a communicative act 2.How to achieve that purpose.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Michael Halliday’s 7 Functions of
Language Instrumental Function: To get what we want, to satisfy needs or desires Regulatory Function: To control the behavior of others, to get them to do want we want
to do Representational (informational) Function : To communicate information, to report facts of conclusions from facts Interactional Function: To establish and define social relationship Personal Function: To express individuality and
personality Heuristic Function: To explore the environment, to acquire knowledge and
understanding Imaginative Function: To create a word of one’s own
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Exercise A. Heuristic F. I want lemon juice. B. Imaginative F. Go away. C. Instrumental F. She is a good girl. D. Interactional F. The sun is hot. E. Personal F.I like you, my friend. F. Representational F. Where is he
from? G. Regulatory F. They lived happily
ever.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Functional Approaches to Language Teaching
Notional Functional Syllabuses
“Notions”
Abstract concept--existence, space, time;
Situation--travel, health, shopping
To function as organizing elements of a foreign
language curriculum.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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TOPICS & LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS Syllabus
Topics Functionspersonal identification introducing oneself and other people, greeting
people
personal opinions expressing opinions, helping others to express their ideas, interrupting a conversation , reporting what people say
hobbies/free time expressing preferences / likes and dislikesexpressing ability
environment describing simple processesexpressing purpose, cause andresult and giving reasons
places and buildings asking for /giving information about places
food and drink talking about food and ordering meals
travel and holidays asking for and giving travel information,giving directions
Shopping/clothes buying and selling things (costs andamounts), describing objects
weather talking about the weather
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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*source: http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/communication_f2f_eye_contact.html
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Nonverbal Communication (NVC)
‘silent language’
-- process of communicating through sending/receiving
wordless messages.
Convey: body language, gestures, eye contact, physical distance etc.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Nonverbal Communication (NVC)
Kinesics
Eye contact Proxe-
micsArtifacts Kinesthe-tics
Olfactory Dimen-sions
NVC
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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NVC
KINESICS
•Interpretation of body language: facial expression/gestures
•Movements may convey specific meanings
•May be culture bound
EYE CONTACT
•Important nonverbal channels you have for communication and connecting with other people.
•"The cheapest, most effective way to connect with people is to look them into the eye.“_Nicholas Boothman
•Intercultural interference --->misunderstanding.
PROXIMICS
•Acceptable distances for communication
•Comfortable distances: depends on culture, social situation, gender and individual preferences.
• eg: public distance, social distance, personal distance, intimate distance.
•Varies according to culture.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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NVC cont..
ARTIFACTS
•Eg: clothing & ornamentation
•Signal a person’s self esteem, socioeconomic class & general mood and personality character. Eg: jewelery, accessories
KINESTHETICS
•Related to the act of touching--> how & where
•Touching can be very personal, intimate style or extensive touching
•Knowing the limits is important for unambiguous communication.
OLFACTORY
DIMENSIONS
•Sensory system –vary for different cultures
•Smell allows organisms with receptors to identify food, mates, sensual pleasure (flowers/perfumes) or warnings of danger (spoiled food/chemical dangers.
•Natural human odors esp. perspiration is acceptable in some cultures.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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The Communicative Language Teaching
Focuses on helping learners to communicate meaningfully in a target language.
Emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language.
How learners will be assessed? = How well learners have developed their communicative competence.
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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PRINCIPLES
communication rather than structure
Functional uses of language in different social
settings
Meaningful tasks
Purposeful interaction
Authentic texts
Fluency & accuracy
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Classroom activities
Role play
Interviews
Information gap
Games
Surveys
Pair works
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Task-based
Instruction
What is TBI?
An approach that focuses on the use of authentic language
and on asking students to do
meaningful tasks using the target
language.
Example of activities
Visiting a doctor, conducting an
interview, or calling customer service
for help
PBET 2113 Group 6 ( TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Types of Task
Target Tasks
Uses of language in the world beyond the classroom
Pedagogical Tasks
Uses of language that occur in the classroom
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Advantages
Student- centered; allows for more
meaningful communication
the tasks are likely to be familiar to the
students
students are free to use what grammar
constructs and vocabulary they
want
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
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Source: Brown, H. Douglas. 2007. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 5th Edition. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education. Chapter 8.
Created for: PBET 2113 Participants (TESL) Semester 2, AY 2009-2010 Department of Language &
Literacy Faculty of Education University of Malaya KL
Created by: Nur Aine Omor, Nurulaini Taib, Saadiah Bakarim, Ma Ya and
Wang Shan
Facilitator: Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, PhD
PBET 2113 Group 6 (TESL) Semester 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL