Download - Community schools: Conduits for community development

LEARNING PRODUCT

JUNE 2013

EMPOWERING AND TRANSFORMING COMMUNITIES TO DETERMINE AND DRIVE

THEIR OWN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY SCHOOLS: CONDUITS FOR COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT

Lessons learnt from the Strengthening Community Schools to provide Education and Other Related Services (SCORES) Project.

CARE International - Zambia in partnership with Reformed Open Community Schools

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TRANSFORMING COMMUNITIES USING COMMUNITY SCHOOLS: LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE SCORES PROJECT Providing quality social services such as education and health to citizens is a responsibility of any government. But in reality this may not be possible owing to many competing needy areas that the government has to address. According to the Millennium Development Goals Progress Report for Zambia, the country has made steady progress on primary school enrolment which has increased from 80% percent in 1990 to 93.7% in 2010. However, concerns remain on the quality of education received as well as the enrolment and completion rates in secondary school subsequently (UNDP, 2013). The Report further recommended that in order to achieve the MDG number 2 which is ensuring that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike would be able to complete a full course of primary schooling, significant reforms and investments will be needed in the education sector.

In Zambia, not all children attend school in government run schools. Some children have access to education through community schools. Community schools have grown in response to the need to provide education opportunities to disadvantaged families and children and clearly offer an important complement to public schools. Currently, community schools provide education to almost 470, 000 children in the poorest and most vulnerable communities across Zambia. These schools on the other hand do not just offer educational services to children but they also serve other purposes.

Increasingly, community schools have also become involved in locally-led responses to health needs especially those arising from the HIV/AIDS pandemic. It is believed that the integrated focus of community schools on academics, health and social services and community development and community engagement can lead to improved child learning, stronger families and healthier communities.

CAREs Experience in Community Schools and Early Childhood Development

CARE International has been operational in Zambia for over 20 years following an invitation from the Zambian government to assist in responding to the drought of the early nineties. The programming emphasis is now long-term, community-based development carried out increasingly through local partners.

Overall SCORES objective

To improve access to and quality of social services in education and health through the empowerment of local communities

Outcomes

Strengthened capacity of

ROCS to provide quality

support to Community

Schools;

Strengthened capacity of 30

PCSCs to organize and

manage Community Schools which provide

educational services to

around 6,000 school aged

children and

Thirty (30) community-

based HIV/AIDS care and

support networks

established and led by

PCSCs.

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CARE has engaged in and supported work with OVC (ECD and basic primary education) and Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) for over 10 years. CARE's SCOPE-OVC program (200-2012) supported over 155 community schools through an approach which integrated health, nutrition, cognitive development, active learning, child protection, and psychosocial support in order to address the needs of children and in its later years added an ECD component to its operation. The project aimed to improve the quality of education and the learning environment in schools; provide psychosocial support (PSS) to children and their guardians/caregivers; increase influence on policies for orphans and other vulnerable children; and improve childrens health and nutrition. With support from ELMA Foundation and building on the SCOPE OVC project and the Moyo wa Bana (IMCI) project 2002-2013), CARE Zambia implemented the Survive and Thrive - Health and Development for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Zambia (2008-2011) project which aimed to improve quality of education and health provision for under-fives through strengthening community school management and integrating community-based IMCI into existing ECD services in 32 community schools (also ECD centres) in four districts (Kabwe, Masaiti, Ndola and Serenje). Among key activities were teacher training, training school managers, child health promoters (CHPs), infrastructure development, provision of teaching and learning materials, provision of play equipment (toys, swings, merry-go-rounds etc) and facilitation of supervisory visits by MOH and MOE.

The Strengthening Community Schools to provide Education and Other Related Services (SCORES) project which started in January 2010 was an EU-funded initiative to support a range of educational development and HIV and AIDS response activities in Lundazi and Chama Districts of Zambias Eastern Province. The project was implemented by CARE International Zambia in partnership with the Reformed Open Community Schools (ROCS). This project used the community school as an entry point and worked to build the capacity of the community school leadership (Parent Community School Committees) to manage the schools and network effectively with other local responses to HIV and AIDS. In addition, SCORES also sought to build ROCS capacity to continue providing support and guidance to community schools post the project period. More specifically, SCORES focused on building the skills and capacity of community school management structures, the Parent Community School Committee (PCSC), to shoulder the increased responsibility arising from the dual role of education service provider and HIV/AIDS response coordinator and facilitator.

Baseline Status, Activities and Achievements/Impact of SCORES

The project took a holistic approach to mitigating the impacts of HIV/AIDS on orphans and vulnerable children and addressing their diverse needs by strengthening the capacity of communities and using community schools as centres of care and support. External reviews of the project such as the Baseline Report, Impact-Outcome Evaluation Report and the Mid-Term Evaluation Report Impact as well as field visits to project communities, revealed clearly that the project recorded a number of successes.

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Prior to the full implementation of the SCORES project in 2010 (May), a study was conducted by CARE International-Zambia aimed at providing baseline information on the projects key indicators and ultimately to be used in assessing the project outcomes falling within three expected results. This section provides information about the status at baseline, the activities undertaken to address the issues identified and the achievements as well as impact of the project. The information is presented under each expected result.

Strengthened capacity of ROCS to provide quality support to community schools

The baseline study results revealed that ROCS as an organisation was well established with sound management planning and implementation strategies; functional fiscal and administrative policies and practices. However and in reference to ROCS specific role as an implementing partner for CARE on the SCORES project, the organizational capacity in some areas needed to be strengthened and in some cases re-organized to ensure success and sustainability of the project interventions and outcomes. Other findings under this outcome pointed to the need to build the capacity of ROCS to provide mentoring and supervision to the school committees, help ROCS with transport logistics, resource mobilization and allocation and build capacity of ROCS in psychosocial support, monitoring and evaluation (SCORES/CARE-Zambia

Baseline Report, 2010).

According to the Annual Narrative Report for the period April 2012 to March 2013 (CARE 2013), in order to ensure ROCSs capacity to implement the SCORES project, CARE conducted the following activities for ROCS staff:

1. Organization Self Assessment (OSA) for seven (7) ROCS staff (4 females and 3 males). Upon completion of this training ROCS staff were able to develop the Organisation Strategic Plan for the period of one year.

2. HIV/AIDS and Gender training in August 2012 in Chipata involving 3 female and 4 male participants from ROCS and two male participants from CARE. The training enabled ROCS staff to incorporate HIV/AIDS during mentoring of PCSC members. It was observed that during community meetings in Lundazi and Chama PCSC members were more articulate in explaining HIV/AIDS issues than before.

3. People Management training for eight (8) ROCS personnel and 2 from CARE. Similar training was

offered to an intern attached to ROCS and an HR/administration staff from the RCZ synod office that supports ROCS. The training focused on issues that relate to HR and Administration. As a result of this training ROCS management requested staff to come up with suggestions on how human resource

The SCORES project has really helped us to improve our community. After each meeting with people from the project, we always proceed to have another meeting with all the members of the community to share what we have learnt. As I speak now, our community is more united and organized and we all practice what we have been taught. We are happy to see all these positive changes in our community.

Member of the PCSC at Tema Tema Community School

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issues could be improved in ROCS. And during the strategic planning, committees were formed that were perceived to have had potential of resolving internal conflicts. A recommendation was also made to introduce a human resource department within ROCS to deal with the growing need for HR services in the organization.

4. A Finance workshop facilitated by CARE Zambia finance staff took place concurrently with the peoples management workshop in Lusaka. The finance training enabled staff to appreciate and learn about allowable and disallowable costs. After the training, finance staff visited the field office three times to work with them on financial matters. Another significant result is that ROCS finance staff especially the accountant was now able to generate donors reports for other ROCS projects such as EU for the ENGINE project, WATSAN, a TEAR Australia funded project and Zambia Governance foundation.

5. Income Generating Activity training was conducted in Lusaka in October, 2012 and facilitated by a hired consultant from Zambia Development Agency (ZDA) with 11 participants. The project staff conducted meetings in nearly all the community schools supported by the SCORES project to revive and strengthen the IGA committees. Training of the IGA committees was organized as part of an exit strategy for the schools to develop plans on how they would generate resources to assist with teacher payments and other school requirements.

6. Advocacy training was conducted in Lusaka in October November 2012 and facilitated by CARE Zambia staff from the Country office. This training was timely for ROCS because the organisation had just been awarded funding from Zambia Governance Foundation (ZGF) project that promoted lobbying and advocacy for Childrens rights. As a result of skills and knowledge gained from advocacy training, there had been a marked improvement in project management by SCORES staff.

7. CARE Zambia facilitated the proposal writing training for ROCS staff. The trainers were hired from Zambia Youth Empowerment and from the Ministry of Community Development. This training resulted in staff developing proposals in response to calls for proposals from donors. Four proposals were submitted of which two were successful (WATSAN project proposal which was submitted to the Ensemble, Education support proposal submitted to TEAR Australia, Participation School Governance and policy advocacy proposal submitted to ZGF, and the ENGINE proposal that was submitted to the EU) The two that were successful included the Participation School Governance and Policy Advocacy and the ENGINE proposal.

In addition, in August 2012 ROCS staff held their strategic planning meeting that was facilitated by CARE M&E staff from STEPS OVC Lusaka office. After this interaction, ROCS Staff were more confident as they conducted training and provided mentoring support to the PCSC members and community volunteer teachers.

Another activity under expected result number one (1) was mentoring of ROCS field staff by CARE in Multi sector responses to HIV/AIDS including provision of psychosocial support. This activity yielded positive results in that ROCS was able to mentor PCSCs during community meetings and monitoring visits which resulted in PCSCs sensitizing community members on issues of HIV/AIDS, gender, child abuse and early

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marriages. The PCSCs continued conducting counseling sessions to pupils. As a result school attendance improved in many schools as most pupils who had stopped attending classes had gone back to school. In the project areas, sensitization was evident as PCSCs conducted voluntary counselling and testing. According to the Annual Narrative Report (April 2012 to March 2013), the PCSC and Neighbourhood Health Committee (NHC) in conjunction with the local health centres conducted VCT services once a month at many project schools. The project had captured 750 people in the communities in both districts, Chama (276) and Lundazi (474) that were reported to have been tested and knew their HIV status.

With reference to expected result number one (1) which was about strengthening capacity of ROCS to provide quality support to community schools, it was obvious that ROCS capacity had been built in the key areas of supportive supervision, monitoring and evaluation, psychosocial support as well as report writing. According to Mr Marlon Phiri, the Executive Director of ROCS, the SCORES project helped his organisation to better support community schools because of the training his staff received at national, sub-national and district levels. He added that the capacity building had had a significant impact on the overall implementation of the project. The positive attainments of the project were highly valued by ROCS and CAREs support in this respect was highly appreciated

Strengthened capacity of 30 PCSC to organize and manage community schools which provide educational services to around 6,000 school aged children (many who are OVCs)

Under this expected result and in measuring the capacity of the PCSCs, the findings from a baseline study demonstrated the varying degrees at which the school committees were in reference to the key competencies required for them to adequately manage community schools. Overall, few committees were represented by at least one member trained in a management skill (38%) and these were mostly in Lundazi and this could be partially attributed to the presence of ROCS and other NGOs in Lundazi. The other issue was frequency of committee elections which was not uniform across committees, with 64% of the committees reporting holding elections on an annual basis (SCORES/CARE-Zambia Baseline Report, 2010).

Under expected result number two (2) which was strengthening the capacity of 30 PCSC to organize and manage community schools which provided educational services to around 6,000 school aged children, a number of capacity building activities were undertaken. Training in leadership, management and organization was conducted for 205 PCSC members. PCSCs utilized the knowledge gained from the training. This was evident in the number of resource mobilization activities and management processes happening in the community schools such as mobilizing of upfront building materials, organizing funds for teacher support and teaching materials from DEBS offices. For example, the Annual Narrative Report (CARE, 2013) reported that about KR24, 000 was released by the DEBS office and over 490 desks had been distributed to 15 community schools. Further, community members capacity in resource mobilization had been enhanced especially with regard to accessing support from Constituency Development Fund (CDF). As a result of community participation to improve the school infrastructure, some community schools have been earmarked for upgrading into public schools. According to Mr Leonard Ngoma, DEBS Chama, eleven

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(11) community schools have been recommended for upgrading and four (4) have new and modern classroom infrastructure and staff houses were being built. He added that through the SCORES project, all the fifteen (15) project community schools in Chama District had boreholes and members of the community were also benefiting by accessing clean drinking water.

The SCORES project under expected result number two (2) also incorporated mentoring 30 PCSC in community and resource mobilization and long-range action planning. This activity had impact because all the 30 schools had already started implementing mobilization activities. These ranged from construction of classroom blocks, VIP latrine construction, brick molding, construction of teachers houses, sourcing teaching and building materials, capital contribution for borehole drilling and actual borehole drilling and income generating activities such as farming. The project also included training PCSC members in psychosocial support. The topics covered included child counseling, childrens rights, child abuse, stress and trauma, child development and HIV/AIDS. This training helped the PCSCs to effectively understand the psychosocial needs of children at schools and the community at large. The Annual Narrative Report (CARE 2013) captured a case of a mother at Kamatete who acted upon hearing that her 14 year old daughter was to be forced into marriage with a 25 years old man. The mother reported the matter to the PCSC and the school authorities took action and the pupil was back in school. Another example is in Zibambale community in Chama where a grade 7 pupil was impregnated by a 21 year old man and the matter was reported to the SCORES office by the PCSC and the community members. The matter was taken up by the Police Victim Support Unit (VSU). This demonstrated the impact of training in psychosocial support. Over 54 PCSC Members were trained in psychosocial support and 92 members of the PCSC received refresher courses in the same area/subject.

Another important aspect under expected result two (2) was training of volunteer teachers. Baseline information indicated the need to train all the teachers in the intervention school both in Chama and Lundazi in the 12 Basic Teaching Skills and psychosocial counseling and support. This training for the teachers was very important as it resulted in a rise in pupil performance, retention and enrolment. There was an increase in the enrolment of pupils in most of the community schools. In the second quarter of the first semester, pupil enrolment stood at 6,079 (3,315 and 2,764 girls) from 5,986 (3263 boys and 2,723 girls) in the first quarter. As at December 2012, the figure for enrolment was 6,123 (3,216 boys and 2,907 girls) and by the 31st of January 2013 enrolment rose to 6,299 of which 3,320 were boys and 2,979 were girls. This increase can be attributed to teacher training and sensitization activities that had happened in the various communities on childrens rights. Training helped to improve effectiveness on the part of teachers in that they were able to plan their lessons better, clarify their objectives, praise the pupils more, set up better group activities, organize their classrooms more effectively and create more interactive classes. Furthermore, their lessons showed greater variety and their classrooms were more friendly. On the other hand, pupils also benefitted from this training indirectly. The pupils were able to respond to the questions better. They were more on task, more motivated and participated more in the lessons (SCORES/CARE, Annual Narrative Report, 2013).

Another achievement of the SCORES project under expected outcome number 2 was raised awareness about gender in the project communities. But in order to effectively incorporate the subject of gender, some

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baseline information was to be established so the project conducted a mini survey using focus group discussions (FGDs). According to the report on Gender Awareness and Sensitivity in SCORES Community Schools (SCORES/CARE) women were still undervalued in both Chama and Lundazi districts by men and society at large in terms of participation and decision making due to cultural beliefs and tradition. But as a result of the SCORES project, more women were seen taking up positions of authority in the PCSCs and other development committees. During the visits to capture best practices in various community schools in both Chama and Lundazi districts, many women turned up and they participated actively in the discussions. This was not the case before the SCORES project was implemented in the two areas. The women were also articulate as they told about the impact of the project.

30 community-based HIV/AIDS care and support networks established and led by PCSC

For this expected result, baseline information indicated that the PCSCs rarely implemented activities on health with only 27% of the assessed PCSCs reported having implemented health related activities within the schools as well as within their communities. Part of the explanation to this was the inadequacy, inaccessible and sometimes the absence of health related services within the communities with 64% reporting not having or having inadequate HIV and AIDS support services. However, the baseline information indicated that the majority of the communities reported having trained health volunteers in their midst including neighbourhood health committees, community health workers, HIV/AIDS and TB treatment support groups, traditional birth attendants and others. Therefore, the gap was more to do with integrating these into the activities of the PCSCs (SCORES/CARE-Zambia Baseline Report, 2010).

Under expected result number three (3) the project aimed at establishing 30 community-based HIV/AIDS care and support networks led by PCSCs. One of the activities was to map other service providers such as VCT, under-5 care (IMCI), TB, HBC, PMTCT, and psycho-social support, Income Generating, VSL etc, in or near the community in which the 30 community schools were located. The Annual Narrative Report (SCORES/CARE, 2013) indicated that in Lundazi, Kachizutu, Kaluwe, Nthakalavu, Tematema and Kadamsana community schools, voluntary counselling and testing services were being conducted every month at their schools. Kachizutu, Tematema, Mutu wa Njovu, Changozi and Kajimomo also started linking the orphans at the school for support to the STEPS OVC project. The community schools under SCORES were being used as centres of care and support by the communities who conducted activities such as growth monitoring, youth friendly corner and other developmental meetings. Health related and other activities took place in these schools with the leadership from within their communities. The activities include HIV/AIDS sensitization, distribution of power-nets, measles campaign, child health and growth monitoring and NHC nutrition group which supported the well being of children.

Another activity of the SCORES project under expected result three was to guide 30 PCSC in establishing and coordinating an active provider network of local response to HIV/AIDS. Through the mapping exercise for available services in their various communities almost every school had under- five activities taking place every month. Other services taking place in the schools included Safe Motherhood Group meetings (SMAG), MAMAS literacy lessons, womens clubs, distribution of power-net insecticide treated bed nets,

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Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT), Women for Change meetings, Child Health Week activities, cooperative meetings and other services.

The SCORES project further facilitated linkages and synergies between the 30 PCSCS and other projects supported by other donors and with health related services as well as zonal governmental schools. According to the Second Interim Narrative Report (SCORES/CARE, 2012), all the 30 community schools under SCORES had been linked to zonal government schools. These rendered support in different ways; for instance permitting volunteer teachers from community schools to attend teacher group meetings, by providing the school syllabus and by inviting community schools to take part in school games and competitions and by mentoring of community school teachers as they interacted with trained government school teachers.

A vital component of the SCORES project which perhaps accounted for its success was the approach that aimed at transforming the mind set of communities to desist from looking out for hand-outs and instead look within and unlocking the local resources through working together and being assertive in demanding services from authorities. People learnt to negotiate for their rights.

PCSC and sub-committee members in front of their Community School at Kadamsana (Lundazi district)

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UNVEILING SUCCESS FACTORS OF THE SCORES PROJECT AND LESSONS LEARNT

Success factors

Participatory approach

Successful implementation of any project is largely dependent on a number of factors ranging from project design down to the people on the ground. The SCORES project recorded its successes principally as a result of a carefully chosen participatory approach. Working closely with the initiators of community schools (the PCSCs) the project ensured acceptability and buy in from the local people. Members of the community in the intervention community schools strongly supported the project by building skills that enabled them to negotiate with other sources of support, without being dependent on CARE or ROCS.

Strategic partnership and synergistic approach

Another success factor embedded in the project design was the involvement of strategic partners from inception. Participation of stakeholders such as the Ministry of Education, Health and Local Government guaranteed government support for the project. Often times, projects fail to succeed because of antagonism among different stakeholders. However, the opposite seemed to be the case for the SCORES project. It was designed in such a way that all relevant stakeholders and partners were actively involved from the start and so everyone moved at the same pace and everyone knew their mandate and responsibilities.

Government endorsement

In addition, the project achieved its objectives partly because government has created a favourable environment in which civil society organisations can work freely and also partner with the government to

The approach CARE International Zambia used was different from what ROCS was used to but it yielded positive outcomes. Capacity building of ROCS staff was vital in successfully implementing the SCORES project. The members of staff at national, sub-national and district levels were all empowered.

Mr Marlon Phiri Executive Director - ROCS

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deliver much needed development in different sectors. Such a harmonious and symbiotic relationship has the potential of catapulting development for disadvantaged people.

Working with reputable partner

The other dynamic to the SCORES project that contributed to its success was the tactical choice of ROCS as the organisation to implement the project. The option of ROCS was ideal in the sense that the organisation was already on the ground and so it was not a stranger to the communities. This enhanced acceptability since ROCS was a reputable organisation working with community schools. On the other hand, ROCS considered CARE a useful and worthwhile partner who would add value to their efforts and so

mutual trust existed between the two entities.

Using new approaches

It was also evident that the project worked because it endeavoured to depart from the usual approach of providing hand-outs to communities. It instead tried to change peoples mind set to take initiatives in mobilizing resources for their own communities. As stated earlier, nearly all schools under SCORES had embarked on activities to improve the school infrastructure in readiness for upgrading as per government policy on community schools. The starting point of capacity building through training proved effective because communities were able to mobilize local resources and also approach other organizations including the government to assist them develop their areas. Training assisted community members to understand and appreciate the project. Training of some members of the community also had a domino effect because trained individuals in turn passed on the message to other members in the community.

Dedicated staff

Another aspect that can be cited for the positive outcome of the project was the evident dedication and commitment of implementers on the ground. Many members of the community attested to the fact that they got encouraged and inspired by the hard work put in by staff from both ROCS and CARE. They testified that the officers exhibited care and concern for the communities and this was evidenced through their regular visits.

Community support

Members of the community can also be credited for their cooperation. The project was well received and supported by members of the community. They responded well by putting into practice what they were taught. Interacting with members of the various project communities shows clearly that people are more

Like the saying goes, do not give a man a fish but show him how to fish, indeed the SCORES project has empowered many communities to fend for themselves and where they cannot manage, they have the ability to approach institutions and organisations that can render support to them.

This proves that hand-outs may not always be the solution. More sustainable approaches must be exploited.

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assertive and development oriented. More women are taking up positions of influence in the PCSCs and other development committees than was the case before the SCORES project.

In a nut shell, the major reason why this project tried to make a difference was teamwork. It appeared that the various stakeholders cooperated well resulting in effective implementation of the project and ultimately noticeable impact on the ground.

Lessons learnt (Best Practice for replication)

The manner in which the SCORES project was designed and later implemented provides a number of lessons for future projects by CARE and other organizations.

Schools as centres for other social services

It is clear that community schools and indeed regular schools can be used as centres for accessing certain services especially in rural areas as well as other disadvantaged areas where social amenities and services are non-existent. Schools are usually regarded as neutral venues for community activities and so unnecessary tensions are avoided. In addition to being neutral venues, schools are places where many people congregate for other community development activities and also it is easy to reach out to communities through the pupils in the school.

It is also true that school led initiatives have the potential to succeed. People still consider school structures to be credible therefore they are likely to support initiatives that appear to have the blessing of the government. Schools can be used as entry points for a number of projects.

In addition, the management model of community schools promotes inclusiveness and community participation. Community members who are in the PCSCs are usually influential members of such communities and so working with them increases the chances of reaching the majority of people in a particular area. Capacity building of community leaders and other members of the community before execution of the project was critical to enhancing understanding and support for the initiative.

Community participation and capacity building

The SCORES project demonstrated that projects with a high degree of community involvement or participation stand greater chances of succeeding because members of the community understand and

The SCORES project answered the needs of many people. As you are aware, the Ministry of Education has a lot of challenges. The DEBS office cannot reach all the places because we have limited capacity and resources but SCORES managed to reach many places. I also liked the approach of involving the community because it was the community which spear headed the process. It was not imposed on them and in that sense the project interacted with the community. Mr Mwiinga DEBS - Lundazi

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appreciate the initiative. However, for the community to support any initiative, they need to be informed or educated on the issue. In this regard, capacity building is vital. It is often said knowledge is power and therefore educating people and strengthening capacities to take their own actions has lead to positive outcomes. The SCORES project excelled in changing peoples mentality toward development by disproving a long held notion that people can only appreciate hand-outs. Provision of hand-outs is not sustainable and it is not desirable over time. Changing or transforming peoples attitudes is an essential prerequisite for development requiring building peoples knowledge on how to obtain their entitlements and negotiate their rights.

Strategic partnerships

Forging strategic partnerships is another way that leads to desired project outcomes. CARE and ROCS managed to bring on board all relevant stakeholders that could contribute to the success of the undertaking. These included line ministries such as Education, Health and Local Government and local community and traditional leaders. The lesson learnt here is that early involvement or engagement of vital stakeholders leads to project endorsement and effective management of the project because everyone gets the chance to understand the intentions or objectives of the project and their assigned roles and responsibilities.

This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of CARE International Zambia and can under no circumstance be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.

To learn more about the SCORES project please contact:

CARE International Zambia 9 Chitemwiko Close, Kabulonga

P.O. Box 36238 Lusaka Zambia

Or Reformed Open Community Schools (ROCS)

P.O. Box 38255 Olympia Park

Lusaka Zambia

Download - Community schools: Conduits for community development

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