www.photek.co.uk page 1
Company profile & Space Science Detector Capabilities
- Ian Cox
www.photek.co.uk page 2
Company Profile
• Specialist manufacturers of vacuum based detectors
and camera systems for photon detection. Photek
manufacture Image Intensifiers, PMT’s, Streak
Tubes, open faced detectors and a range of
associated electronics and camera systems
• Located in St Leonards-on-Sea – South East England
• Established September 1991
www.photek.co.uk page 3
Company Profile
• 36 Employees
– 10 sales/administrative
– 7 R&D
– 19 production/test
• 5 employees educated to PHD level
• Further 8 employees educated to degree level
www.photek.co.uk page 4
Detector Products
• MCP image intensifier
• Ultra fast MCP photomultipliers
• Streak tubes
• Magnetic focus image intensifiers
• De-magnifying gen 1 image intensifiers
• Vacuum compatible detectors
www.photek.co.uk page 5
Camera Products
• Photon counting
• Nanosecond ICCD
• Intensified CCD
• Fluorescence
• X-ray
• Particle imaging
www.photek.co.uk page 6
Electronic Products
• HT power supplies
• Nanosecond gating control
• Laser pulse generator
• Preamplifier
• Image intensifier cooling
www.photek.co.uk page 7
Applications
• Early warning Missile systems
• Wafer silicon inspection
• Astronomy including orbital space science
experiments
• Ultra-high speed cameras
• Nuclear & high energy physics research
• Life-science research
• Industrial processing
• Security
www.photek.co.uk page 8
Facilities
• 1,500m2 factory space
• Class 100 assembly area
• Class 10,000 clean room
• Electro-mechanical vibration table
• Ultra-high vacuum processing equipment
• High speed (50 ps) laser pulsing equipment
• Wet and dry hydrogen stoving capability
• Inventor 3-D CAD software
www.photek.co.uk page 9
Facilities – Continued
• Protel Electronic Design Software
• Agilent 18 GHz sampling scope
• LeCroy 5 GHz digital scope
• Spectrometer
• Photometer
• Optical table and dark room facilities
• Environmental test chamber
• Phosphor screen production and inspection facilities
• Optical coating plant
www.photek.co.uk page 10
Quality
• Photek operates a company wide quality system based on ISO9000 and TQM principles
• Currently working towards ISO9000 accreditation with successful implementation expected in 2008
• We operate a strict stock control and inspection policy with all items batch controlled and tracked
• All detectors and systems are fully characterised in out photometry laboratory
• Each device has a serial number that is used throughout the entire manufacturing process
www.photek.co.uk page 11
Test and Support
• Excellent support and test facilities
• Rigorous testing of all products is completed before
release
• Support question always answered by a technical
member of staff. Typically educated to PHD level
• 12 month warranty on all products
• Technical support for lifetime of product
www.photek.co.uk page 12
Space Science Projects
• ACE Advanced Composition Explorer
• XMM UV Optical Monitor
• MSX UVISI Detector
• GUVI Global Ultraviolet Imager
• SSUSISpecial Sensor Ultra-violet
Spectrographic Imager
• UVIT Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope
www.photek.co.uk page 13
Advance Composition Explorer
• CRIS Detector (Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer)
– 40 mm Image Intensifier with 2 MCP
– UV Fibre Optic Input Window
– Blue Enhance Cathode to Match Scintillating Fibre
Optics
– 100,000 Gain
• Uses scintillating fibre optic
structure. The detector is to measure
direction and energy of cosmic rays
www.photek.co.uk page 14
UV Optical Monitor
• Photon Imaging 170 nm to 550 nm region
• Aligned with X-Ray Telescope
• Provides Simultaneous Visible, UV and X-ray
Images
www.photek.co.uk page 15
The XMM Detector
• 25 mm Photon Counting
• High Sensitivity in the 170 nm to 550 nm Region
• Built in Fibre Optic Taper
• Concave Input Window
www.photek.co.uk page 16
Mid Course Space Experiment
• Johns Hopkins University
• Launched 24 April 96
• Part of the spectrograph on the UVISI Instrument
• Diffuse and Discrete Aurora
• Low Earth Atmosphere Phenomena
www.photek.co.uk page 17
MSX-UVISI Detector
• 40 mm Photon Counting Image Intensifier
• MgF2 Input Window
• CsI Photocathode
• 100 nm – 250 nm Response
www.photek.co.uk page 18
Global Ultra Violet Imager
• Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
• Launched on the TIMED Spacecraft during 2001
• TIMED is used to study the energetics and dynamics
of the Mesosphere and lower Thermosphere between
an altitude of approximately 60 to 180 kilometers.
• GUVI is a far-ultraviolet (115 to 180 nm), scanning
imaging spectrograph that provides horizon-to-
horizon images in five selectable wavelength intervals
www.photek.co.uk page 19
GUVI Detector
• 25 mm UV Photon Counting
• MgF2 Input Window
• CsI Photocathode
• Wedge and Strip Anode
• 106 cps
• 3x106 Gain
www.photek.co.uk page 20
Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope
• Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
• Due to launch on the ASTROSAT spacecraft during
2008 – now delayed until 2012.
• ASTROSAT aims are to investigate the origin and
mechanism of radiation emissions in active galactic
nuclei.
• UVIT aims to provide flux calibrated images of the
sky in the far-UV, near-UV and visible spectral
regions
www.photek.co.uk page 21
Summary
• World leading space science vacuum detector
manufacturer
• Photek have the experience and knowledge to
produce detectors to the most stringent space
science requirements
• Quality systems in place to ensure repeatability of
detector manufacture
• Test and support facilities give first class support for
the lifetime of our detectors
www.photek.co.uk page 22
• Three 40 mm photon counting detectors
• Far UV (120-180 nm)
• Near UV (180-300 nm)
• Visible (180-550 nm)
• Integrated fibre optic taper with bonded
FillFactory Star 250 CMOS sensor
UVIT Detectors
www.photek.co.uk page 23
UVIT Detectors
Photek have supplied 7 detectors for the UVIT project
• NUV EM
• NUV FM and FS
• FUV FM and FS
• VIS FM and FS
www.photek.co.uk page 24
UVIT Detector
www.photek.co.uk page 25
Outline SpecificationFUV Detector 120-180nm• MgF2 Input Window•CsI Solar Blind Photocathode•2x 60:1 40mm MCP’s•P46 Phosphor•Fibre taper output•Star250 Sensor
NUV Detector 180-300nm•Fused Silica Input Window•CsTe Solar Blind Photocathode
VIS Detector 180-550nm•Fused Silica Input Window•Low Noise S20 Photocathode
www.photek.co.uk page 26
Spectral Response
Wavelength Specification QE Measured QE
120nm >5.8% 6.8%
130nm 7.3%
140nm >6.2% 6.2%
150nm 5.3%
160nm >4.2% 4.3%
170nm 3.5%
180nm >1.2% 1.2%
190nm 0.5%
200nm 0.2%
www.photek.co.uk page 27
Cathode RecessPosition Recess (mm)
A 2.067mm
B 2.056mm
C 2.047mm
Centre 2.050mm
The cathode recess is measured from the front of the DM mounting ring and the front of the input window.
A
B
C View from front of detector
www.photek.co.uk page 28
Window ThicknessPosition Optical Thickness (mm)
A 3.6mm
B 3.6mm
C 3.6mm
Centre 3.6mm
The window thickness is an optical measurement from the photocathode surface to the outside surface of the window.
A
B
C View from front of detector
www.photek.co.uk page 29
Cathode to MCP GapPosition Gap (mm)
A 0.11mm
B 0.11mm
C 0.10mm
Centre 0.11mm
The cathode gap is measured from the photocathode surface of the input window to the front of the MCP
A
B
C View from front of detector
www.photek.co.uk page 30
Electrical – Operating VoltagesOptimal Maximum O/V Test
Cathode -270V -270V -300V
MCP 2350V 2600V 2860V
Anode 5000V 5500V 6000V
• Cathode and MCP voltage WRT ground (MCP Input).• Anode voltage WRT MCP output. • Optimal voltages are voltages as tested at Photek • The maximum specified voltages should not be exceeded• Each electrode has been over voltage (O/V) tested to the stated value
www.photek.co.uk page 31
ResolutionWavelength Cathode Voltage Resolution
185nm -300 20 microns FWHM
www.photek.co.uk page 32
FUV FM Gain Calibration
-100V -50V +50V +100VNominal
Cathode -270VMCP 2580VAnode 3500V
Cathode -270V MCP 2480VAnode 4000V
Cathode -270VMCP 2400VAnode 4500V
Cathode -270VMCP 2350VAnode 5000V
Cathode -270VMCP 2300VAnode 5500V
Nominal
www.photek.co.uk page 33
Event SizeCathode MCP Anode -100V -50V Nominal +50V +100V
-270 2580 3500 1.9 1.9 2 2.1* 2.2*
-270 2480 4000 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2
-270 2400 4500 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9
-270 2350 5000 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8
-270 2300 5500 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8
Note: The approximate FWHM of the event footprints has been measured and the results shown above for a range of operating voltages.
www.photek.co.uk page 34
Dark Noise
2 Hour Dark Noise Image @22CNo bright defects detectable Average rate 5cps
Count rate graph shows variation of count rate on a 1 second timescale.
www.photek.co.uk page 35
Image Alignment
A B
C
View from front of detector
D
Star250 Readout
www.photek.co.uk page 36
Uniformity
Horizontal / vertical cathode uniformity
Average uniformity SD/Mean=4.5%
www.photek.co.uk page 37
Environmental Testing
1. Encapsulation of detector2. 24 Hour / 40C Bake to cure Arathane3. Qualification level thermal cycle4. Bond Star250 sensor5. Vacuum Test6. Acceptance level thermal cycle7. Acceptance level vibration tests8. Final acceptance tests
Note: Detector is tested after each stage of environmental testing
www.photek.co.uk page 38
Vacuum Test
Photek do not have full thermal vacuum test facilities. The following compromise test was agreed:
1.Place detector in a vacuum chamber 2.Leave for 24 hours @20C3.Increase the room temperature to 30C and leave for 48 hours4.Reduce room temperature back to 20C and leave for 24 hours
www.photek.co.uk page 39
Thermal Cycle
Qualification Level Thermal Cycle
Acceptance Level Thermal Cycle
Note: Short cycles 2hrs, long cycles 24 hrs
+35˚C -15˚ C+45˚C -25˚C Peaks
+30˚C -10˚C+40˚C -20˚C Peaks
www.photek.co.uk page 40
5.0 10.0 100.0100.0m
1.0
10.0
100.0
Frequency, Hz
LogM
ag, g
Sine Vibration
Frequency (Hz) Acceptance level
5 – 20 8.3mm (0-Peak)
20 – 50 13.3g
50 – 70 10g
70 –100 5.3 g
Sweep rate 4 oct. / min.
www.photek.co.uk page 41
Random Vibration
Frequency (Hz) Acceptance Level PSD (g2 / Hz)
20 – 100 + 3 dB / oct.
100 – 700 0.09
700 – 2000 - 6 dB / oct.
Overall RMS 9.9 g
20.0 2.0K100.0 1.0K1.0m
10.0m
100.0m
1.0
Hz
Lo
gM
ag
, g
²/H
z
www.photek.co.uk page 42
Thank you for listening