Download - Comparative HDTV Display Technologies
Comparative HDTV Display Technologies: Is Your HDTV Is Too Small?
— How to overcome WAF* in right-sizing your next HDTV —(*Wife Acceptance Factor)
John R. DiLoretoAnalyst
Insight Mediawww.insightmedia.info
Bay Area SIDChapterMay 17, 2006
Insight Media
Market research firm with an exclusive focus on digital display supply chain
Covering technology, business, market, distribution and product news and issues
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What is an “HDTV Display”
At least 1280 x 720 pixel resolution– 1920 x 1080 is preferred
Progressive scan
ATSC colorimetry
Large enough to be viewed by >1 person
Analog Display Technologies
Before 1998, CRT technology was the only consumer choice
CRT RP
HD Display Technologies
LCD, plasma and microdisplay technologies have emerged– Sharp 65” LCD — $20K– Samsung 80” plasma— $40K
42"
36"
26"
82"
80"32"
CRT
Plasma
MD RP
LCD 65"
HTPSDLPLCoS
Large Screen Model Assortment by Size
Large Screen Model Offering by Display Type (30+")
Direct View CRT
What are the prospects for CRT technology?
CRT Manufacturing In Retreat
Hitachi– Halted direct view CRT production in 2001
Matsushita (Panasonic)– Halted CRT production in Japan in 2003
Sony– Ended direct view CRT production in Japan in 2003
Toshiba– Discontinued direct view CRT production in Japan in 2004
Sharp– Exited direct view CRT TV to in 2005 to focus on LCD
New Slim CRT
Samsung, LG slim CRT HDTV design saves 1/3 depth of conventional flat CRTs
Slim CRT offers CRT performance at less cost (~$1,000 retail) than LCD
Direct View CRT
Advantages– Excellent picture quality (broadcaster reference standard)
Fast-moving images Fine resolution
– Most-affordable consumer option at 36 inches and below
Disadvantages– Size and weight
Disproportionately increases in weight with screen size, especially in widescreen
– Mature technology Little room for further improvements in quality or cost
Direct View LCD
The fastest-growing HDTV display segment
Will it take over?
Direct View LCD
Advantages– Thinnest and lightest of flat panel technologies– 1920 x 1080 resolution at modest extra cost– Low power consumption– No pixel degradation or burn-in– Long lifetime components
Disadvantages– Response time causes blurring of fast-motion images– Lower color saturation (gamut)– Limited viewing angle
Current Price Point– 32" 1366 x 768 resolution, w/o tuner $1200-$2000– Sony, Sharp, Samsung, LG, Toshiba, Panasonic, Philips
Direct View LCD
Future Development– Continued dramatic cost reductions and size increases
expected Should be strongly competitive in 26” to 46” screen sizes
at the expense of CRT and plasma
– Improved image quality through Faster response times Increased brightness Improved contrast Increased color gamut from 70% of ATSC standard to
nearly 100%– New LED backlight technology shows promise
2006 LCD-TV BACKLIGHT REPORT
BLU Unit Forecast by Lamp Technology Expected 40"-44"
Opportunity Analysis of CCFL and Alternative
Technologies
LCD Fab Evolution
Increasing glass size provides ongoing economies of scale
32” HDTV
2400 mm
2200 mm
1870 mm
1500 mm
1100 mm
G9
G8
G7
G6
G5
1300 mm 1850220025002800 mm
LC Fab Investments
Global companies continue to pour billions into LC fab Expect long-term cost improvements and size increases
Global TV Market Forecast
Source: Displaybank
LCD-TV Market Forecast
Rapid growth — especially in 40+" LCD segment
Plasma Display Panel (PDP)
Consumer favorite
Increasingly squeezed between LCD and RP
Plasma
Advantages– First “hang on the wall” display– Bright, sharp, fast-moving images– Wide viewing angle and uniform brightness
– Most cost-effective flat panel option at ≥42"
Disadvantages– Phosphor brightness degrades over time– Prone to screen burn-in for fixed images– High power consumption– Very expensive at resolutions greater than 1366 x 768– Heavier than LCD
Plasma
Current Price Point– 42" 1024 x 768, w/o tuner, $2000 - $3000– Panasonic, Philips, LG, Pioneer, Samsung, Toshiba
Future Development– Longer lifetime: 30K hours moving to 50K hours– Reduced power consumption– Increased resolution to 1920 x 1080 for largest displays– Wireless video reception will improve on-wall installability
Leading Plasma Brands
Plasma Panel Manufacturing
Rapid increases in manufacturing capacity are expected to continue through 2009 with billions invested
Source: DisplayBank
Microdisplay Rear Projection
RPTV advantage: modest increase in cost with increasing size
Lightbulb replacement after 6K-8K hours (3-5 years @$200-$300)
LCD, DLP, LCoS
LCD (HTPS) Rear Projection
Advantages– Proven, stable technology– Strong value proposition at ≥50”
Disadvantages– Limited pixel aperture ratio– Higher black level
Current Price Point– 50" 1280 x 720, w/o tuner, $2000 - $2400– Panasonic, Sony, Mitsubishi
Future Development– Thinner and lighter designs– Improved pixel aperture
DLP Rear Projection
Advantages– Competitive picture quality
Contrast, grayscale linearity, brightness, uniformity
– 6th generation product designs
Disadvantages– Field sequential operation
Color breakup Limited light throughput
– No native 1080p resolution– Temporal dithering
Recent Enhancements– Thinnest cabinet design (InFocus)
7" deep at 50" diagonal– 1080p with interpolation– 5x color wheel– Improved grayscale linearity– Reduced dithering artifacts
Current Price Point– 50" 1920 x 1080 (interpolated), w/o
tuner, $2800 - $3000– Samsung, Mitsubishi, Toshiba
Future Improvements– Native 1080p– New DMD players: Miradia,
Reflectivitiy, Spatial Photonics
DLP Rear Projection
LCoS Rear Projection
Advantages– Native 1080p– High pixel fill factor– Field-continuous design
Excellent image quality Efficiency
– Potentially lowest-cost microdisplay technology
– Multiple vendors eLCOS, Brillian…
Disadvantages– Track record of delays and
abandonment Hitachi, Philips, Intel
Current Price Point– 50" 1920 x 1080, w/ tuner,
$3500– JVC (D-ILA), Sony (SXRD)
Rear Projection Summary
RP will always be more cost-effective than direct view at largest sizes
Viewing angle is limited compared to direct view– Can be increased with cost
Cabinet designs are becoming thinner– Aided by warping technologies, such as from Silicon Optix
Latest LCoS products rival direct view CRT in image quality
– JVC 48" Reference Monitor @$45K Plenty of room for cost reduction
– Imager yield– Optical engine complexity– Electronics integration– LED light sources
2006 LED PROJECTION REPORT
A study of the use of LEDs as an
illumination source for projection systems.
Image Quality Comparison
CRT LCD Plasma HTPS DLP LCoS
Peak Brightness
C A A/CAPL
A A A
Low Ambient
A A
Backlight Control
B A/B
Lamp/Iris Control
A/B
Lamp/Iris Control
A/B
Lamp/Iris Control
Black Level A+ C A C B A
On/Off Contrast
A+ C A/C
APL
C B A
ANSI Contrast
C A A/C
APL
B B+ B
Color Accuracy
B
Phosphors
B
Sub-pixel Filters
B
Phosphors
A A-
Color Qheel
A
Grayscale A B+
Compression
B/C
APL
B+
Compression
A-/B-
Dark Artifacts
A
Motion Artifacts
A+ B B-/C
Dark Artifacts
B A- A-
Viewing Angle
A B A- B A- A+
Other Artifacts
Many Grayscale Compression
Temporal, Spatial
Dithering
Grayscale Compression,
Projection Optics
Rainbows, Temporal/Spatial
Dithering, Projection Optics
Projection Optics
Source: Widescreen Review
Ideal HDTV Size
Limited ultimately by 1/60° human visual acuity
“Expert” and retail recommendations are often smaller
Most HDTVs sold are undersized!
Viewing Distance
480p Diagonal
720p Diagonal
1080p Diagonal
4 ft. 11 in. 21 in. 31 in.
6 ft. 17 in. 31 in. 46 in.
8 ft. 22 in. 41 in. 62 in.
10 ft. 28 in. 51 in. 77 in.
12 ft. 34 in. 62 in. 92 in.
Field of View 11° 21° 32°
Screen Height
Multiple7 5 3.2
Why are HDTVs undersized?
Consumers not used to increased appliance size (WAF*)
Affordability Content image quality
– Much content is not HD– Broadcast signals are sometimes
severely compressed– TV enhancement artifacts
remain
*Wife-Acceptance Factor
480p
720p
1080p
11°21°
32°
04/10/23
MTF (Modulation Transfer Function)
All hi-res, hi-contrast images are not created equal.
ContrastRatio(%)
Spatial Frequencylargefeatures
smallfeatures
limitingresolution
Increased ImageContent
GoodMTFBadMTF
Contrast Threshold Function (CTF)
• Higher contrast is needed for fine detail to be seen.
• CTF varies with brightness.
• HDTV can approach the limit of perception.
• Projectors and screens without a robust MTF are HD-handicapped.
ContrastRatio(%)
Spatial Frequency 1080(1.0')
Minimum contrast the eye can detect
Perceived Image Content
MTF Area (MTFA) Method first proposed in 1965 by Charman and Olin MTF can greatly effect perceived resolution, as well as perceived content Analogous to Shannon Hartley Theorem
ContrastRatio(%)
Spatial Frequency 1080(1.0’)
PerceivedResolution
MTF 2
MTFA
MTF 1
CTF
Image Transformations
ActualImage
DigitalContent
Projector Screen
AmbientLight
HumanEye
Information content must be preserved through successive transfer functions.
Each MTF multiplies by its fraction
Conclusions
1. Costs will continue to fall at 20-25% per year
2. Average screen sizes will continue to increase
3. Each display technology will thrive in its “sweet spot”– LCD: 26 - 37 —> 32 - 46 inches– Plasma: 42 - 50 —> 50 - 60 inches– MDRP: 50+ —> 60+ inches
4. Market will remain strong as HD content mushrooms– Multiple service models: IPTV, narrow cast, streaming, PC connectivity, DVR– Opportunity to upsell undersized screens as image quality improves
5. The role of image processing will become increasingly important as sizes and consumer experience increase
6. Your next TV will be bigger than your last one