Compare
Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary Rock
• How do those layers form?• Order or process:
Weathering Erosion DepositionCementation
& Compaction
Mechanical Weathering
• Disintegration/rock broken into smaller pieces
– Frost Action
– Abrasion (river, glacial, sandy environment)
– Plants and Animals #2
Chemical Weathering
• Decomposition-rock’s minerals are changed into different substances.– Acid Rain
– Oxidation
– Hydrolysis
– Caves
Which minerals are susceptible?
• Chemical Weathering– Calcite
• Mechanical Weathering– Quartz, angular minerals
Chemical WeatheringWhat affects the rate?
Faster Chemical Weathering – Warm and Moist climate
Faster Physical Weathering – Cold and Wet Climate
Erosion
• The transport of sediments/particles from a weathered rock by– Water– Wind– Glacier– Gravity
Water
• Distinguishing Characteristics:– rounded edges
Wind
• Distinguishing Characteristics– Flatten sand surfaces: Sand dune
Glaciers
• Distinguishing Characteristics
– Striations-special scratch by minerals
Effects of ErosionLandslide
Mudslide
Evidence of stream Erosion
Evidence of Glacial Erosion
U Shape Valley
Sorted vs. Unsorted
Factors of Deposition
• Size
• Density
• Shape
Two types of deposition
• Water - sorted
• Glacier - unsorted
Alpine Glacier• Slow moving stream of ice that flows within
valley walls
Juneau Icefield in Alaska
Arrete
cirque
Horn
Continental Glacier
• Glacier that covers a large part of a continent• Ex: Greenland, Antarctica
Glacial Depositional Features
Moraine and Till
Till - Unconsolidated and unsorted rock material that is deposited by a retreating or melting glacier
Moraine – The accumulation of glacial till
Drumlin
• Elongated whale-shaped hill formed by past glacial action as it moves over the till
Drumlins in NYS
• South ends of the Finger Lakes - northeast of Ithaca at the northern end of Cayuga (Rochester to Syracuse)
Erratics
• A large boulder that have been transported into an area by a glacier
Kettles and Kame
• Hollows left behind by melting ice as the last remnants of glaciers disappear
Kame
• Small coned shaped hill of sand and pebble. that are deposited by stream into the kettle
Complete Illustration
• When glacier melts, deposits slump down at the side and form long ridges - ESKER