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Cost Analysis Of
Solar
Power Systems
By
Rafay Ahmad
Guide
Professor Nimish Gupta
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Non-Teaching Credit Course
Cost analysis of solar power systems
17/04/2015
SUBMITT! B"
S# No nro$$ment Num%ers Names
& A&'()*&&+,& Rafay Ba.tiar Ahmad
Guide
Professor Nimish Gupta
MBA CE-QS 2nd SEM
SC/001 02 C0NSTRUCTI0N3RA1 STAT
RICS SC/001 02 BUI1T N4IR0NMNT
AMIT" UNI4RSIT"5 N0I!A
DECLARATION
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I hereby declare that the Non-teaching credit course projectwor entitled !Cost analysis of solar power systems”sub"itted to the RICS Scool of !"ilt #n$ironment% is arecord o# an original wor done under the guidance o# $r%Ni"ish &upta' #aculty "e"ber' RICS Scool of !"ilt#n$ironment% Amity &ni$ersity 'CR (#)*I+
AC,'O)#(-#.#'
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I would lie to than our guide pro#essor Ni"ish &upta#or his support and inspiration in co"pleting this report%
Additionally (inju )haria #ro" A"ity *ni+ersity'responsible #or setting up the roo# top solar power plant atthe uni+ersity co"ple, has guided the tea" inunderstanding the solar power syste"%
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ale of Contents
1+ Oecti$es++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3+ .etooloy++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
4+ Intro"ction+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5+ Case St"y+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++12%.% Case )tudy .%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%./
5.1.1. Bill of Materials.........................................................................................21
5.1.2. Total costs.................................................................................................. 29
5.1.3. Life cycle costs..........................................................................................30
5.1.4. Break even analysis..................................................................................31
%/% Case )tudy /%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0/5.2.1. Bill of materials.........................................................................................37
5.2.2. Total costs.................................................................................................. 43
5.2.3. Life cycle costs..........................................................................................44
5.2.4. Break even analysis..................................................................................45
6+ Concl"sions++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++46
7+ -lossary an Are$iations+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++47
+ References+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++4
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)ist of 8i"res
1igure 2%. Co"ponents o# a photo+oltaic syste"%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%31igure 2%/ A typical roo# based solar power syste"%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.41igure %.%0 &oogle site "ap o# A"ity *ni+ersity' Noida' *ttar (radesh%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%./1igure %.%2 (lan #or solar panel arrange"ent on the roo#top o# E.% )i"ilar layout #orthe terraces at 1.' 5.' I.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.1igure %.% (lan #or solar panel arrange"ent on the roo#top o# E/% )i"ilar layout #orthe terraces at 1/' 5/' I/%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.1igure %.%6 (lan #or solar panel arrange"ent on the roo#top o# E0% )i"ilar layout #orthe terraces at 10' 50' I0%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.61igure %.%7 (lan #or solar panel arrange"ent on the roo#top o# 8%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.61igure %.%9 (lan #or solar panel arrange"ent on the roo#top o# 86%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.71igure %.%3 (lan #or solar panel arrange"ent on the roo#top o# 87%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.71igure %..4 )olar panels on the roo#top o# E. building%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.9
1igure %.%.. (olycrystalline solar panels by Reno )olar :2442 in nu"bers total;%%%%%%%%.91igure %.%./ )tring in+erter 04 < at 50 building roo# top%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.31igure %.%.0 ACD= panel at 50 building roo#top%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.31igure %.%.2 Ar"ored cable ./ "" at 50 building roo#top%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/41igure %.%. Tea" "e"ber at the roo# o# A"ity *ni+ersity 50 building%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/41igure %/%.6 Location o# 0 solar power plants in the district located close pro,i"ity%% 0/1igure %/%.7 )ite o# . $< power plant by Rajratna energy holdings p+t ltd :E(Ccontractor;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%021igure %/%.9 >iew o# the . $< solar power plant%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%021igure %/%.3 Trans#or"er at the site to increase the +oltage be#ore trans"ission%%%%%%0
1igure %/%/4 Lt (anel' present to regulate the supply to the grid%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%01igure %/%/. Tea" "e"ber at the site%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%06
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)ist of ales
Table %.%. =rie# description o# the project at A"ity *ni+ersity%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.0 Table %.%/ Design su""ary #or the solar project at A"ity *ni+ersity%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.2 Table %.%0 =ill o# "aterials :DC side; #or roo# top solar power plant at A"ity *ni+ersity%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /0 Table %.%2 =ill o# "aterials :AC side; #or roo# top solar power plant at A"ity *ni+ersity%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /9 Table %.%/% $iscellaneous costs #or roo# top solar power plant at A"ity *ni+ersity%% %/3 Table %.%0%6 Li#e cycle costs and re+enue generation #or roo#top solar power plant atA"ity *ni+ersity%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%04
Table %.%2%7 =rea e+en ti"e #or the project at A"ity *ni+ersity%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0. Table %.%2%9 yearly return at .4 ? discount rate #or roo#top project at A"ity *ni+ersity%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 0. Table %/%3 =rie# description o# the project at @adhri' Andhra (radesh%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%00
Table %/%.%.4 =ill o# "aterials :AC side; #or roo# top solar power plant at @adhri'Andhra (radesh%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%09
Table %/%.%.. =ill o# "aterials :AC side; #or roo# top solar power plant at @adhri'Andhra (radesh%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%2/
Table %/%./ $iscellaneous costs #or roo# top solar power plant at A"ity *ni+ersity%% %%20 Table %/%0%.0 Li#e cycle costs and re+enue generation #or roo#top solar power plant at@adhri' Andhra (radesh%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%22
Table %/%2%.2 =rea e+en ti"e #or the ground "ounted project at @adhri' Andhra(radesh%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2
Table . early N(> at .4? dicount #or ground "ounted project at @adhri' Andhra
(radesh%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2
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1+ Oecti$es
To study costs in+ol+ed #or setting up a solar power plant%
2+ Synopsis
The project in+ol+es analysis o# a solar power plant based on the #ollowingconsiderationsB
• Li#e cycle costs%
• Costs benet co"parison to other syste"s%
• (aybac period analysis%
As a student o# construction econo"ics and uantity sur+eying we ha+eanalyed +arious costs in+ol+ed #ro" production to supplying the power toend user and its possible benets to the built en+iron"ent sector%
3+ .etooloy
F Analysis o# a solar plant as a case study% / case studies done as part o# project%F )tudy o# co"parison o# historical and #uture cost breadown o# the plant%F Re+iew o# literature and the latest practices #ollowed%F Interaction with people in+ol+ed in solar power industry%
4+ Intro"ction
The utiliation o# solar energy as an alternati+e energy to o+erco"e energy crisis'especially oil' and has piced up pace since the late .374Gs% The solar ray has beco"ea +aluable resource to the power sector% =ut con+ersion eHciency and aordability hassince been ha"pering its pre+alent usage% Its econo"ic +iability is yet unclear%
Location o# India gi+es it an ad+antage o# high solar insolation% Though India is oneo# the leaders in wind power electricity generation% )o"e large project ha+e beenproposed in the solar sector which will "ae India co"petiti+e in the solar sector onthe world stage% A 0'444 "%s area in the Thar Desert has been set aside #or solarpower generation' which will generate 744 to /'.44 &< o# electricity% IndiaGs "inistry#or new and renewable resource in it 5awaharlal Nehru national soalr "ission hasproposed to install a total o# .4 &< solar power plants o# which 6 &< will be undercentral sche"e and the rest 2 &< will #all under the state sche"es% The India
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$eteorological Depart"ent :I$D; "aintains a nationwide networ o# radiation stationswhich "easure solar radiation and also the daily duration o# sunshine% In "ost parts o# India' clear sunny weather is e,perienced /4 to 044 days a year% The annual globalradiation +aries #ro" .644 to //44
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electricity produced% This alternate current is now ready to be supplied through the LTpanel% This LT panel can pro+ide electricity to the e,isting building load or can beconnected to the grid%
8i"re 4+2 A typical roof ase solar power system
)o a typical building co"ple, has these co"ponents #or woring% The groundbased syste" diers to roo#top based syste" in ter"s o# the in+erter type and anadditional trans#or"er is present in ground based p+ syste"s which adds substantiallyto the cost% Trans#or"ers are used to stabilie the +oltage co"ing #ro" the in+erter%
8ere are #ew considerations i"portant be#ore setting up a solar power plantB
1+ )ocation of te site9 This criteria helps understanding the total solar insolation per day and annually%)olar insolation is the a"ount o# solar radiation in a gi+en area% This data ise,tre"ely i"portant to esti"ate the total yearly production o# electricity%
2+ .o"ntin type
The (> syste" could be ground "ounted or roo# "ounted% They could be "ounted
on a new buildingGs roo# or be retrotted in an e,isting building% )ignicant costdierence can occur between the two syste"s based on choice o# euip"ent%Costs such as trans#or"ers and ci+il costs are e,tra on a ground "ounted solarsyste"%
3+ ilt anles re:"ire for te panels
This criterion helps in deciding the type o# panel% (arabolic shaped solar panels canbe used to concentrate the solar insolation at the center o# the panel syste"%
Rotation o# the panel' auto"atic or "anual nature o# the panel can be decided%
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4+ In$erter type
An in+erter can be with trans#or"er or without% $ultiple in+erters are used in case
o# roo# "ounted solar syste"% &round based solar syste" usually . or / in+erters#or .$< plant suHce%
5+ ;attae of solar mo"les
A range #ro" .44 watts /4 watts can be #ound #or sale% These panels would be"ore e,pensi+e when consu"ed by retail consu"ers and co"parati+ely lesserwhen consu"e by wholesale contractors such as the one in ground "ounted solar(> syste"s will be less e,pensi+e co"pared to the roo#top based solar (> syste"s%1ro" .44 watts to /24 watts panels can be procured in the range o# 7'444 rupeesto .'444 rupees%
6+ Solar mo"le type
The "ost popular solar "odules are poly crystalline "odule and "ono crystalline"odule% $ono crystalline cells are cut #ro" a single silicon crystal% It has a s"oothte,ture and has +isible thicness' they are rigid and they "ust be "ounted on a
rigid #ra"ewor% (olycrystalline cells are cut #ro" a large blocs o# silicon crystals% They ha+e a specled appearance% They are less e,pensi+e than "ono crystallinecells' but the usage eHciency re"ain al"ost sa"e' with polycrystalline cells ha+ing"a,i"u" pea con+ersion eHciency o# around /4?% The third type is thea"orphous type o# panel' these cells are "anu#actured by placing a thin l" o# a"orphous :non-crystalline; silicon onto a wide choice o# sur#aces% These are leasteHcient in co"parison% Due to their a"orphous nature they are +ery e,ible #orinstallation% Their eHciency stabilies a#ter #ew "onths o# usage% And the capacityshould be judged only a#ter this #ew "onths o# stabiliing%
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5+ Case St"y
Roo# top "ounted solar power syste" and ground "ounted solar power syste" arethe two types o# cases studied in the project% =oth being o# . $< production capacity%One being located in *ttar (radesh and the other being located in Andhra (radeshboth with high solar insolation o# about 044 days a year%
%.% Case )tudy .
The roo# top "ounted project is located in the A"ity *ni+ersity' Noida' *ttar (radeshco"ple, that is also the *ni+ersity o# the )tudents conducting this research% Total .nos building roo# ha+e been identied #or .44. @
syste"% These buildingspresent in A"ity *ni+ersity are #urther di+ided into blocs and terraces are selected asper their terrace layouts% )o the buildings considered #or the solar power syste" arehostel '6'7 educational buildings E.' E/' E0' 5.' 5/' 50' 1.' 1/' 10' I.' I/' I0% 8ostelbuilding .' /' 0 and A'='C and D bloc building are not considered #or the syste"%
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8i"re 5+1+3 -oole site map of Amity &ni$ersity% 'oia% &ttar Praes+
The project located in A"ity *ni+ersity' Noida is based on a 6 acre ca"pusadjacent to the Delhi Noida yway% The plan #or roo# top solar power syste" isappropriate #or the uni+ersity in a long ter" in+est"ent perspecti+e as theconsu"ption o# the "ajorly centrally air conditioned ca"pus is at around pea 7$<per hour% This power plant will ease the total consu"ption by . $< bringing it downand resulting in potential sa+ings #or the uni+ersity% The panels designed are ,ed atpanels% These days rotating parabolic panels are a+ailable which gi+e "a,i"u"eHciency% The array capacity has been designed based upon the shadow #ree areaa+ailability on the roo# and "ini"u" connected load at the college ca"pus%
Nos Description Details
. Na"e o# the co"pany IL M 1)
/ Na"e o# the consultants 8arsha Abaus)olar
0 (roject Location A"ity *ni+ersity'Noida
2 District Na"e &haiabad
)tate *ttar (radesh
6 (ower plant capacity .44.
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7 Irradiation details considered NA)A
9 A+erage solar insolation %79
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0 =uilding no E0 76 2 nos o# 04<
.22 //7%2
2 =uilding no 1. /99 . no o# .<
7/ ..0%.
=uilding no 1/ / / nos o# 04<
.0 /4%6
6 =uilding no 10 /73 / nos o# 04<
63%7 .43%6
7 =uilding no 8 .64 / nos o# /4<
24 6/%7
9 =uilding no 86 /99 / nos o# 04<
7/ ..0%.
3 =uilding no 87 .64 / nos o# /4<
24 6/%7
.4 =uilding no 5. 2/4 0 nos o# 04<
.4 .66%2
.. =uilding no 5/ 4 . no o# .<
./% .3%9
./ =uilding no 50 64 2 Nos o# 04< M . Noo# /4 <
.6/% /6%2
.0 =uilding no I. /99 / nos o# 04< 7/ ..0%.
.2 =uilding no I/ 64 . no o# .<
. /0%9
. =uilding no I0 034 0 nos o# 04<
37% .2%0
Total 2442 .44. .77%3
ale 5+1+2 (esin s"mmary for te solar proect at Amity &ni$ersity
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8i"re 5+1+4 Plan for solar panel arranement on te rooftop of #1+ Similar layo"t for teterraces at 81%
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8i"re 5+1+6 Plan for solar panel arranement on te rooftop of #3+ Similar layo"t for teterraces at 83%
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8i"re 5+1+ Plan for solar panel arranement on te rooftop of *6+
8i"re 5+1+ Plan for solar panel arranement on te rooftop of *7+
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8i"re 5+110 Solar panels on te rooftop of #1 "ilin+
$ounting structures are gi+en a #oundation o# %0 , %0 , %/ :h;% This are casted on siteand the "ounting structures are bolted to these #oundations% The height o# "ountingstructure is dependent on the distance o# panels which is / "eters apart% The"ounting structure carries a total o# .4 panels% $ounting structures are cross braced#or structural stability% The panel rests on interloced "etal sections%
8i"re 5+1+11 Polycrystalline solar panels y Reno Solar =4004 in n"mers total>
(olycrystalline solar panels "anu#actured by Reno solar are used in this project%
(olycrystalline "odules are o# per#ect rectangular appearance and ha+e a +ariablecolor shade co"pared to "ono crystalline "odules which ha+e a blac shade and a
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polygonal prole% The "odules here are o# /24 watts that is each such panel iscapable o# producing /24 watts per hour% They ha+e cost 7'444 rupees to the project%
These occupy the bul o# the costs #or such a project and hence the co"pany behindthe production o# these is o# ut"ost i"portance% As the usage eHciency or thecon+ersion percentage o# the solar insolation depends on this eHciency%
8i"re 5+1+12 Strin in$erter 30 ?; at
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8i"re 5+1+13 AC(! panel at
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Ar"ored cables as seen in the i"age abo+e is a hard wearing power cable usedto supply electricity to the "ains% Ar"ored cable is ar"ed with layers o# "aterials%
These "aterials would be as #ollows conductor' insulator' bedding' ar"or and p+csheath% A #errule connects the in+erter to the ar"ored cable which in this case is ./"" ar"ored cable%
8i"re 5+1+15 eam memer at te roof of Amity &ni$ersity
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/ )tring In+erter 04 @< )tringIn+erter with $a,%reco""ended (>power 09
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"ounting
0%2 $iddle Cla"p#or $odule$ounting
0% End Cla"p #or$odule$ounting
2 DC CableQ #ro"string toIn+erter
2%. .C , 2 )% ""DC cable
$tr /4444 .. /0'44'444
2 )% "" )olargrade' *>resistant .%. >Cablesconr"ing toIEC IEC 6472-.M IEC 6472-/'IEC 6400/-.'
IEC 6400/-0-/2%' IEC6.402 ' Te"peraturerange -24 to34 C
Leoni J(olycab J(rys"ianJ&e"scab
2%0 $ale DC CableConnector
Nos% 302 74 6'094
$C2 $aleconnectors withsuitable lugs #or2 ) "" Cable
$ultiContactor $C2Co"patible
2%2 1e"ale DCCableconnector
Nos 302 24 07'064
$C2 1e"aleconnectors withsuitable lugs #or
2 ) "" Cable
$ultiContactor $C2
Co"patible
2% /S *>resistancee,ibleconduits
$trs 634 .. 73'04
/S *> resistancee,ible conduits
Reputed$ae
2%6 Cable tie *>(rotected
2%6%.
24 "" (t .4 /64 /7'044
24 "" *>stabilied nylone,ible cable tie
% Assu"ing thateach pacet has/44 noPs
Reputed$ae
Sr+'o+
(escription
&nit
@"antity
Rate
Amo"nt Specication
.a?e Remar?s
4+6 Cale tie &BProtecte
4+6+1
450 mm P?t 105 260 27%300
450 mm &Bstailie
nylon DeEilecale tie +Ass"min tat
Rep"te .a?e
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eac pac?etas 200 noFs
4+6+2
200 mm P?t 44 200 %00
200 mm &Bstailienylon DeEilecale tie
Rep"te .a?e
4+6+3 100 mm P?t 4 150 7%200 100 mm &Bstailienylon DeEilecale tie
Rep"te .a?e
otal coston (C SI(#
3%7%44%0
ale 5+1+3 !ill of materials =(C sie> for roof top solar power plant at Amity &ni$ersity
Sr+'o
(escription
&nits
@"antity
Rate Amo"nt
Specication
.a?e Remar?
AC SI(#
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. 2C,.4 )%""'Cu ' L(E'unar"ored: #ro" In+erterto ACD=;
"eter 44 02 .77444 .%. @> &rade'2C,.4 )%""'Cu' )tranded'L(E'unar"ored
Lapp J(olycab J(rys"ianJ&e"scabJCCIJTorrent
.%. (ro+idingsuitable (>Cgland #orabo+e cable
NoPs /6 0 79 (>C gland #or2C,.4 )% ""'.%. @> &rade'LT L(EInsulated' 2Core Cuunar"oredcable
reputed"ae
.%/ (in type CuLug
NoPs ./ 9 .444 .4 )% "" pintype Cu lug
reputed"ae
.%0 =oot lace#errules C*Lug #or .4 )
"" Cable
NoPs ./ 7 97 =oot lace#errules C* Lug#or .4 ) ""
Cable
/ ACD= ' I( 6Outdoor Type'wall "ounted:)uitable #orter"inating.R' 0% C 74) "" Al%Cable onoutput side;shall con#or"to IEC 6//49'along with the#ollowingB
set .2 .4/44 .2/944 standard
- / Nos% o# 60A' 2 (ole'RCC=' 044 "A
A==Jha+ellsJ)chneiderJLegrand
- / Nos% o# 60A' 2 (ole'Isolator
- . No% o# .64A' 2 (ole'$CC= with )JCand OJLprotection
A==Jha+ellsJ)chneiderJLegrand
- . No% o# 0/A' 2 (ole' $C=#or au,illarysupply
- IndicationLa"ps #orphases
Sr+'
(escripti &nit @"anti Rat Amo"n Specicatio .a?e Remar?
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o on s ty e t n
0 .%. > LTL(E' 0%C,74)% "" Al%Ar"ored Cable: ACD= to LT(anel;
"eter 324 /9/ /6494 .%. > LT L(E'0%C,74 )% ""
Al% Ar"ored Cable
Lapp J(olycab J(rys"ian
J&e"scabJCCIJTorre
nt
0%. 74 ) ""Alu"inu"Ring type lugs
NoPs ./2 / /29 74 ) ""Alu"inu" Ring
type lugs
Dowells
0%/ 044 ) ""Alu"inu"Ring type lugs
NoPs ./ 64 044 ) ""Alu"inu" Ring
type lugs
Dowells
0%0 /24 ) ""Alu"inu"Ring type lugs
NoPs ./ 2 29 /24 ) ""Alu"inu" Ring
type lugs
Dowells
0%2 .4 ) ""Alu"inu"Ring type lugs
NoPs 76 0% /66 .4 ) ""Alu"inu" Ring
type lugs
Dowells
0% ./4 ) ""Alu"inu"Ring type lugs
NoPs 9 0 /2 ./4 ) ""Alu"inu" Ring
type lugs
Dowells
0%6 0 ) ""Alu"inu"Ring type lugs
NoPs /2 4%7 .6%9 0 ) ""Alu"inu" Ring
type lugs
Dowells
0%7 .6 ) ""Alu"inu"Ring type lugs
NoPs 6 4% /9 Dowells
0%9 (ro+idingsuitableDoubleco"pression$etal gland#or abo+ecable
NoPs 26 .4 6344 $etal gland #or0%C , 74 )%""' .%. @>
&rade' LT L(EInsulated ar"ored
cable
Reputed$ae
2 LT (anel'indoor typewall "ounted:)uitable #orter"inating.R' 0%C 74
) "" Al%Cable on inputside M .R'0%C 74 )"" Al% Cableon outputside; shallcon#or" to IEC6//49' alongwith the#ollowingB
)et . 0/44
29744
- . Nos o# .64A '2( )1*
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Sr+'o
(escription
&nits
@"antity
Rate
Amo"nt
Specication
.a?e Remar?
- .4JA' 7%>A CT with
Energy $eter '4%) classAccuracy -/)et
- 2.>' Class.%4 )urgeArrestor - .)et
- Indicationla"p #orphases- . )et: . )et . Noo# ACD=;
Earthingsyste"s
%. Che"ical Treated earthpits 4 ""dia' 0 "" Thic and 0$long &I pipeearth lectrode'along withaccessorieslie &I Co+er
8inged to &I1ra"e' 1unnelwith
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Sr+'o
(escription
&nits
@"antity
Rate
Amo"nt
Specication
.a?e Remar?
6 Lightning
(rotectionsyste"
6%. Early )trea"erE"ission typeLightning )piewith &I "ast o# $trs alongwith all"ountingstructures #or"ounting onC Insulated$ulti strandedCopper Cable
6%0 Che"ical Treated earthpits
NoPs .4 ..444
..4444 Che"ical Treated earthpits 4 "" dia'0 "" Thic and0$ long &I pipeearth electrode'
along withaccessories lie&I Co+er 8ingedto &I 1ra"e'1unnel with
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7%.%
$6 , 7 ""' &INut-bolt with /Nos o# plainC
)tandard
7% T Connectors'ID-24 ""
NoPs 942 .4 ./4644 T Connectors'ID-24 "" *(>C
)tandard
7%6 Coupler' ID-24""
NoPs /004 74 .60.44 Coupler' ID-24"" *(>C
)tandard
7%7 1errules:A-1U.-6U(lus sign and
"inus sign; #or.4 ) ""
lot . 044 044 )tandard Reputed"ae
It is co""on#or whole
(roject% Andwe shall gi+ethe scope o#supply to thecontractor
7%9 Insulation Taperoll :.44 Noseach #or red'yellow' blue'blac andgreen;
set . ..44 ..44 )tandard Reputed"aer
7%3 Alu"inu" Tag#or 0% C AlAr"ored Cable
Lot . /4 /4 )tandard Reputed"aer
otal cost
on ACSI(#
4425
4
ale 5+1+4 !ill of materials =AC sie> for roof top solar power plant at Amity &ni$ersity
Total cost o# "aterials #or roo# top solar plant :AC and DC side "aterials; is:0'73'22'334 22'/'992; 2'/0'94'972 :2%/0 crore;
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5+1+2+ otal costs
Sr+'o (escription &nits
@"antity Rate Amo"nt Remar?s
1 Ci$il Cost
.%.Cost o# concrete #or"ounting structure cu" 03%996 744 //704%/
Concrete o#$/4 grade
.%/ Cost o# installation "w . .7'44'444 .744444
Total ci+il cost .3/704%/
2 Prelims an S"per$ision Cost
/%.%. Insurance cost per "w . ./'7.'./
6%/. ./7../6%/.2
/%.%/Appro+al andper"issions per "w .
/'4'444%44 /4444
Total cost o# preli"s ./../6%/.2
2+2 Salaries
/%/%. )r% Engineer NoPs . 0'444 0444
/%/%/ Technical Engineer NoPs . /
4'444 /4'444
/%/%0 )uper+isor NoPs / .
/'444 /2'444
/%/% Total labour charges NoPs .
044 .'0'444 daily wages
Total salaries duringconstruction /%
'0'444
4 .ontly #Epenit"re
2%. Telephone bills and othere,penses "onth . /4444
/4'444
Total other e,penses "onth /% /4444 4'444
Total cost o# construction' (M)' other costs 24'00'276
Cost o# "aterial #or solar power plant:DCAC )ide; 2'/0'74'972 1ro" =O$
otal cost of 1 .ea ;att SO)AR P)A' on roof top
4%64%04%350
ale 5+1+2+5 .iscellaneo"s costs for roof top solar power plant at Amity &ni$ersity+
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5+1+3+ )ife cycle costs
Sr+'o (escription &nits
@"antity Rate Amo"nt Remar?s
Ann"al #Epenit"re
. )alaries
.%. TechnicalEngineer noPs .
/4'444
/4'444
.%/ )uper+isor noPs / ..'444
//'444
Total noPs2
/'444Annual salariescost ./
'42'444
/ Other E,penses
/%.
Telephone billsand othere,penses "onth . .444
.'444
Total other
e,penses cost "onth ./ .444
.'94
'4440 $aintenance
0%.
A$C #or (>"odules +acuu"cleaning' "odulesM cables repair M"aintenanceJ"onth "onth . /4444
/4'444
0%/Annual"aintenance cost "onth ./ /4444
/'24'444
2 Total AnnualE,penditure
Total Annual
E,pense Rs
%24%0
00
Ann"al Re$en"e
. Re+enue
.%. (roductionJhour unitsJhour .444 . .444per hourproduction
.%/ Daily production unitsJday .444 9 9444
In .day 9hrs areconsidered asproducti+e hours
.%0 early production unitsJyear 9444 044
/2'44'44
4%44
In an year 044day are consideredas producti+e daysM 9 hrsJday as
producti+e hours
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Total AnnualRe+enue:be#oree,penses; rupeesJunit
/2'44'444 7
1%6%00%000+00
7 per unit saleprice
otal ross income =After eEpenses>
.'9'76'444%44
ale 5+1+3+6 )ife cycle costs an re$en"e eneration for rooftop solar power plant at Amity&ni$ersity
5+1+4+ !rea? e$en analysis
Sr+'o (escription &nit @"antity Amo"nt
=rea E+en Analysis
. Total in+est"ent per "w . 2'62'42'04%/.
/ Total gross inco"e per "w . .'9'76'444%44
0=reae+en point :.4? discountrate; years
0 years 3"onths
ale 5+1+4+7 !rea? e$en time for te proect at Amity &ni$ersity
imePerio
InitialIn$estment
'et CasInDow
Gearly 'PB at10H
. -2'62'42'04%/. .'9'76'444%44 -/'34'6'...%76
/ .'9'76'444%44 -.'7.'07'/07%33
0 .'9'76'444%44 -6/'30'7.6%07
2 .'9'76'444%44 0'62'404%6
.'9'76'444%44 .'/'/'6.9%67
6 .'9'76'444%44 /'46'7/'.6%36
7 .'9'76'444%44 /'94'79'799%./
9 .'9'76'444%44 0'29'..'76.%3.
3 .'9'76'444%44 2'43'0/'627%.9
.4 .'9'76'444%44 2'62'37'499%0/
.. .'9'76'444%44 '.''67.%.3
./ .'9'76'444%44 '6.'2'09/%99
.0 .'9'76'444%44 6'40'0'4/3%97
.2 .'9'76'444%44 6'2.'0'6.9%4
. .'9'76'444%44 6'7'34'639%/.ale 5+1+4+ yearly ret"rn at 10 H isco"nt rate for rooftop proect at Amity &ni$ersity
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5+2+Case St"y 2
A total o# 0 solar plants are located within / "s distance o# each other being doneby three dierent E(C contractors% Two plants are o# .$< and one plant is o# $
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8i"re 5+2+16 )ocation of 3 solar power plants in te istrict locate close proEimity+
Anantapur :D; nown #or arid weather conditions as one which recei+es solar
radiation %/ W 6
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6 (ower plant capacity . $
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8i"re 5+2+1 Biew of te 1 .; solar power plant
The site is di+ided into "ultiple parcels o# land which ha+e dierentgeographical ele+ations% The p+ "odules are arranged as per these geographicalconstraints% It has a centrally located r%c%c structure which houses the LT panels andspace #or the super+isors and engineers% Adjacent to which lie the trans#or"er andthe in+erters%
8i"re 5+2+1 ransformer at te site to increase te $oltae efore transmission+
A trans#or"er is an electrical de+ice that trans#ers energy between two or "ore
circuits through electro"agnetic induction% In other words it is utilied to con+ert AC
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+oltage #ro" one +olt to another within power networs% Two trans#or"ers o# 4$+aeach are used at the site%
8i"re 5+2+20 )t Panel% present to re"late te s"pply to te ri+
8T panels connects the grid to the power generated% The +oltage recei+ed is steppedup by the trans#or"er% The whole circuit is connected to the control panel whichregulates the woring o# the syste"%
8i"re 5+2+21 eam memer at te site
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Tea" "e"ber has +isited the site and collected data as per the group understandingand uestions prepared as part o# the e,ercise% The site +isits added +aluable insightsto the +arious co"ponents and worings o# a solar power plant% The site super+isorswere help#ul and they were the reason #or a clear picture in our "inds #or the woringso# a solar power plant%
5+2+1+ !ill of materials
Sr+
'
o+
(escriptio
n
&ni
t
@"anti
ty
Rate Amo"nt Specication .a?e
(C P)A' SI(#
. )OLAR (>$OD*LE) '/4
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/ )tring In+erter Nos / 3'44'444
.'34'44'444 44 cp )tring In+erter with$a,% reco""ended (>power 09 resistant .%. > Cablesconr"ing to IEC IEC 6472-. M IEC 6472-/' IEC 6400/-.' IEC 6400/-0-/2%' IEC6.402 ' Te"perature range-24 to 34 C
Leoni J(olycab J(rys"ian J&e"scab
Sr+
'
o+
(escriptio
n
&ni
t
@"anti
ty
Rate Amo"nt Specication .a?e
2%0 $ale DC CableConnector
Nos% .4.4 74 7'.4'44 $C2 $ale connectors withsuitable lugs #or /) ""Cable
$ultiContact or
$C2Co"patible
2%2 1e"ale DCCable connector
Nos .4.4 24 2'46'444 $C2 1e"ale connectorswith suitable lugs #or /)"" Cable
$ultiContact or
$C2
Co"patible
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2% /S *> resistancee,ible conduits
$trs ..44 .. .'/6'44 /S *> resistance e,ibleconduits
Reputed$ae
2%6 Cable tie *>(rotected
2%6%.
24 "" (t .944 /64 2'69'444 24 "" *> stabiliednylon e,ible cable tie %Assu"ing that each pacethas /44 noPs
Reputed$ae
2%6%/
/44 "" (t .244 /44 /'94'444 /44 "" *> stabiliednylon e,ible cable tie
Reputed$ae
2%6%0
.44 "" (t 344 .4 .'0'444 .44 "" *> stabiliednylon e,ible cable tie
Reputed$ae
otal coston (CSI(#
4%7%66%000
ale 5+2+1+10 !ill of materials =AC sie> for roof top solar power plant at ,ari% Anra
Praes
Sr+
'
o+
(escriptio
n
&ni
t
@"anti
ty
Rate Amo"nt Specication .a?e
AC SI(#
. 2C,.4 )%""'Cu ' L(E'unar"ored: #ro" In+erterto ACD=;
"etre 344 02 0.9644 .%. @> &rade' 2C,.4 )%""'Cu' )tranded' L(E'
unar"ored
Lapp J(olycab J
(rys"ian J&e"scab
JCCIJTorrent
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.%. (ro+idingsuitable (>Cgland #or abo+ecable
NoPs 6 0 .9 (>C gland #or 2C,.4 )%""' .%. @> &rade' LT L(E
Insulated' 2 Core Cuunar"oured cable
reputed"ae
.%/ (in type Cu Lug NoPs ./ 9 36 /% )% "" pin type Cu lug reputed"ae
.%0 =oot lace#errules C* Lug#or .4 ) ""Cable
NoPs /4 7 .24 =oot lace #errules C* Lug #or/%) "" Cable
/ ACD= ' I( 6Outdoor Type'wall "ounted:)uitable #orter"inating .R'0% C 74 )"" Al% Cable on
output side;shall con#or" toIEC 6//49'along with the#ollowingB
set / .4/44 /4244 standard
0 .%. > 8T L(E'0%C,74 )%"" Al%Ar"oured Cable: ACD= to 8T(anel;
"etre .74 /9/ 27324 .%. > 8T L(E' 0%C,74 )%"" Al% Ar"oured Cable
Lapp J(olycab J
(rys"ian J&e"scab
JCCIJTorrent
0%. 74 ) ""Alu"iniu" Ring
type lugs
NoPs // / 22 74 ) "" Alu"iniu" Ringtype lugs
Dowells
0%/ 044 ) ""Alu"iniu" Ringtype lugs
NoPs 3 2 044 ) "" Alu"iniu" Ringtype lugs
Dowells
0%0 /24 ) ""Alu"iniu" Ringtype lugs
NoPs ./ 2 29 /24 ) "" Alu"iniu" Ringtype lugs
Dowells
0%2 .4 ) ""Alu"iniu" Ringtype lugs
NoPs // 0% 77 .4 ) "" Alu"iniu" Ringtype lugs
Dowells
0% ./4 ) ""Alu"iniu" Ringtype lugs
NoPs //4 0 664 ./4 ) "" Alu"iniu" Ringtype lugs
Dowells
Sr+
'
o+
(escriptio
n
&ni
t
@"anti
ty
Rate Amo"nt Specication .a?e
0%6 0 ) ""Alu"iniu" Ringtype lugs
NoPs .04 4%7 3. 0 ) "" Alu"iniu" Ringtype lugs
Dowells
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0%7 .6 ) ""Alu"iniu" Ringtype lugs
NoPs /44 4% .44 Dowells
0%9 (ro+idingsuitable Doubleco"pression
$etal gland #orabo+e cable
NoPs 944 .4 ./4444 $etal gland #or 0%C , 74 )%""' .%. @> &rade' LT L(EInsulated ar"oured cable
Reputed$ae
2 * Panel'indoor type wall"ounted:)uitable #orter"inating .R'0%C 74 )"" Al% Cable oninput side M .R'0%C 74 )"" Al% Cable onoutput side;shall con#or" toIEC 6//49'
along with the#ollowingB
)et 2 0/44 .04444
TRAN)1OR$ER) Nos / Rs%.'04'44'444%44
/'64'44'444
Capacity 4$+a% )tep uptrans#or"er
>ijayelectrical
6 EART8IN&))TE$
6%. Che"ical Treated earthpits 4 "" dia'0 "" Thic and0$ long &I pipeearth electrode'along withaccessories lie&I Co+er 8ingedto &I 1ra"e'1unnel with
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6%. Che"ical Treated earthpits 4 "" dia'0 "" Thic and0$ long &I pipeearth electrode'along withaccessories lie&I Co+er 8ingedto &I 1ra"e'1unnel withCInsulated $ulti strandedCopper Cable
7%0 Che"ical Treated earthpits
NoPs ..444 4 Che"ical Treated earth pits4 "" dia' 0 "" Thic and0$ long &I pipe earthelectrode' along withaccessories lie &I Co+er8inged to &I 1ra"e' 1unnelwith
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Sr+
'
o+
(escriptio
n
&ni
t
@"anti
ty
Rate Amo"nt Specication .a?e
9 $I)CELLANEO*)
9%. &I per#oratedCable tray' .4, / , / ""with co+er'coupler plates MNut-bolt
"etre ./4 244 29444 &I per#orated Cable tray'4 , / , / "" with co+er'coupler plates M Nut-bolt
Reputed"ae
9%.%/
)tandoJ$ountingbracets #orholding cabletray
NoPs ./4 4 )tandoJ $ountingbracets #or holding cabletray
Reputed"ae
9%.%0
Cable tray co+erholding cla"ps
NoPs /24 4 Cable tray co+er holdingcla"ps
Reputed"ae
9%.%2 $6 , / ""' &INut-bolt with /Nos o# plain
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ale 5+2+1+11 !ill of materials =AC sie> for roof top solar power plant at ,ari% AnraPraes
Total cost o# "aterials #or roo# top solar plant :AC and DC side "aterials; is:2'37'66'444 /'77'9/'93; 7'7'29'93 :7%7 crore;
5+2+2+ otal costs
Sr+'o (escription
&nits
@"antity Rate Amo"nt
Remar? s
1 Ci$il Cost
.%. Land Cost acre .4 44444 444444
non-agricultural land
.%/Cost o# e,ca+ation #or "ountingstructures cu" 74 .74 ..344
.%0 Land le+elling cu" 9 6444 29444
.%2Cost o# concrete #or "ountingstructure cu" /4 744 ..2444
Concreteo# $/4grade
.% Cost o# #oundation #or trans#or"er cu" . /4444 /4444
.%6 Cost o# site oHce NoPs . .44444 .44444
.%7 &ate NoPs . /4444 /4444
.%9 Cost o# installation "w . .7'44'444 .744444
Total ci+il cost 0.0344
2 Prelims
/%. Insurance costper"w /0/627%67
/%/ Appro+al and per"issionsper"w /4444
Total cost o# preli"s /7627%67
3 S"per$ision
0%. )r% Engineer noPs . 0'444 0444
0%/ Technical Engineer noPs . /4'444
/4'444
0%0 )uper+isor noPs / ./'444
/2'444
0%2 OHce assistant noPs / 6'44
.0'444
0% Total labour charges noPs . 04
4.
'0'444dailywages
Total salaries during construction /%
'67'44
4 .ontly #Epenit"re
2%. Telephone bills and other e,penses"ont
h . /4'444
/4'444
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Total other e,penses"ont
hs /% /4'444
4'444
Total cost o# construction' (M)' other costs9
'47'99
Cost o# "aterial #or solar power plant:DCAC )ide;7'7'29'9
3 1ro"=O$
otal cost 1 .ea ;att solar power plant on )an
%60%56%447
ale 5+2+12 .iscellaneo"s costs for roof top solar power plant at Amity &ni$ersity+
5+2+3+ )ife cycle costs
Sr+'o (escription &nits
@"antity Rate Amo"nt Remar?s
Ann"al #Epenit"re
. )alaries .%. )r% Engineer NoPs . 04'444 04444
.%/ Technical Engineer NoPs . /4'444
/4'444
.%0 )uper+isor NoPs / ..'444
//'444
.%2 OHce Assistant NoPs / 7'444 .2'444
.% Total NoPs 96'444
Annual )alaries Cost ./ .4'0/'444
/ Other E,penses
/%. Telephone bills andother e,penses .'444
Other E,penses cost ./ .'94'444
0 $aintenance
0%.
A$C #or (> "odules+acuu" cleaning'"odules M cablesrepair M"aintenanceJ"onth /4'444
Annual $aintenance
cost "onth ./ /'24'444
2 Total AnnualE,penditure
Total Annual E,pense Rs.2'
/'444
Ann"al Re$en"e
. Re+enue
.%. (roductionJhour unitsJhour .444 . .444per hourproduction
.%/ Daily production unitsJday .444 9 9444
In a day 9hrsare consideredas producti+e
hours
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.%0 early production unitsJhours 9444 044
/
2'44'444%44
In an year044 day areconsidered asproducti+edays M 9hrsJday asproducti+e
hours Total AnnualRe+enue:be#oree,penses; rupeesJunit
/2'44'444 7
.'69'44'444%44
7 per unitsale price
otal ross income =after eEpenses>1%53%4%00
0ale 5+2+3+13 )ife cycle costs an re$en"e eneration for rooftop solar power plant at ,ari%
Anra Praes+
5+2+4+ !rea? e$en analysis
Sr+'o (escription &nits @"antity Rate Amo"nt
=rea E+en Analysis
. Total in+est"ent per "w .
9'64'6'226%67 9'64'6'226%67
/ Total gross inco"e per "w .
.'0'29'444%44 .'0'29'444%44
0 =reae+en point years 9%6ale 5+2+4+14 !rea? e$en time for te ro"n mo"nte proect at ,ari% Anra Praes
imePerio
InitialIn$estment
'et CasInDow
Gearly 'PBat 10H
. -9'64'6'226%67 .'0'29'444%44 -6''29'90%9/
/ .'0'29'444%44 -'24'.7'66%/
0 .'0'29'444%44 -2'0'02'76%72
2 .'0'29'444%44 -0'24'42'96%/7
.'0'29'444%44 -/'0'2.'0.3%03
6 .'0'29'444%44 -.'72'6'069%64
7 .'0'29'444%44 -.'40'4'2.0%0/
9 .'0'29'444%44 -07'36'060%49
3 .'0'29'444%44 /.'/4'3%00
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.4 .'0'29'444%44 7'44'00%74
.. .'0'29'444%44 .'/0'34'69.%23
./ .'0'29'444%44 .'69'06'24%03
.0 .'0'29'444%44 /'49'79'49%29
.2 .'0'29'444%44 /'2'/'/27%6
. .'0'29'444%44 /'79'3/'2.3%60ale 15 Gearly 'PB at 10H isco"nt for ro"n mo"nte proect at ,ari% Anra Praes
6+ Concl"sions
These two projects ha+e gi+en us a considerable idea' and we hope will also gi+ethe readers a clear idea o# which ind o# solar plant should be set up and the +ariouscosts o# the co"ponents in+ol+ed%
Our understanding o# the case study shows a clear ad+antage in setting up a roo# top solar syste" in co"parison to a ground "ounted solar syste"s% The two syste"sdier based on #ew co"ponents such as the land co"ponent' In+erter and trans#or"erco"ponent% The ground "ounted project reuires in+est"ent in the land' but #urther
the land cannot be used #or any other purposes other than the plant% It will be bestsuited #or deserts and barren lands outside city li"its% 1or city based land is reuired#or construction and a"enities% 1urther the land based solar syste" reuirestrans#or"er to increase the total +oltage o# the circuit' such cost is not necessary indirect consu"ption based roo# top solar power syste"% 1urther the in+erter in asyste" is o# co"parati+e less cost can be depending on the roo# load o# the design)tring in+erters on roo# top are brought only #or the specic load that the roo# caters toand hence does not reuire hea+y and e,pensi+e "achinery%
8ence #ro" an in+est"ent perspecti+e a roo# top project brea e+en be#ore andground "ounted project% 1or our roo# top project the breae+en is around 2 years but
#or ground "ounted project the brea e+en stands at "ore than 9 yearsG ti"e% These+alues are considered at a discount rate o# .4?% Considering a roo# top solar power
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plant is "uch "ore benecial especially in city li"its where roo# top are not addingany +alue to the building syste"s% 8ence this report reco""ends that institutional'oHces and large co"ple,es should consider the idea o# roo# top solar power plant andreduce their consu"ption load on the grid and sa+e "oney #or their projects%
7+ -lossary an Are$iations
Poto$oltaic The physical eect o# direct Con+ersion o# light :sunlight; toelectrical energy
PB cell The s"allest photo+oltaic :(>; ele"ent that generateselectricity #ro" light%
PB mo"le A collection o# interconnected (> cells' encapsulated betweenprotecti+e "aterials such as glass and bac sheet :(oly >inyl1luoride; or glass and glass' and "ounted in an alu"iniu"#ra"e% This is a her"etically sealed unit%
Strin $ultiple (> "odules connected in series electrically%
Array )e+eral strings o# "odules with the sa"e orientation and tiltangle' located together%
In$erter An electronic de+ice that con+erts direct current electricity into
alternating current electricity suitable #or #eeding directly to theelectrical grid or to nor"al AC loads%
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Insolation It is a "easure o# solar radiation energy recei+ed on a gi+ensur#ace area in a gi+en ti"e% It is co""only e,pressed asa+erage irradiance in watts per suare "eter : (ower (lant is trans"itted to apoint :substation; where it is distributed #or consu"er use%
S"Station The place where the generated power #ro" solar is
synchronied with utility grid and "etered%
Control room A roo" housing control euip"ent
Cale A conductor with one or "ore strands bound together' used #ortrans"itting electrical power%
#Jciency The ratio o# the output to the input o# any syste"%
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* 8igh tension
) Low tension
)B Low +oltage.'R# $inistry o# new and renewable energy
?; @ilo watt per hour
.C! $iniature circuit breaer J $ain co"biner bo,
.8. $ulti-#unction bo,
PPA (ower purchase agree"ent
P (ower trans#or"er
BC! >acuu" circuit breaerK)P# Cross lined polyethylene
+ ReferencesQ. A"rit' $andal% :)ep /4.0;U Detailed project report #or .$< )(>%Q/ Robert $argolis' and &ar+in 8eath :5une /4.0;U Land-*se Reuire"ents #or )olar (ower
(lants in the *nited )tates%Q0 )pec solar solutions%Q2 A+ijit Naya' :1eb /4./;U Cost econo"ics o# solar