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Condition Monitoring Diagnostic on
Hotspot at Substation
By
W. AMIRUL
AM NSEM
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Content
Introduction
Guideline
Analysis
Thermographic flowchart
Recommendation & Conclusion
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Introduction
Tripping report from CTIS due to hotspot
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Introduction
The failure which contribute to conductor
snapped due to hotspot basically might
be cause by:
Wrong interpretation when using thermal
camera (hotspot but cannot define a
hotspot especially during daylight)
Thermal camera type (old type-short
wave camera)
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Introduction
Thermal camera used in TNB:
1. FLIR
2. NEC3. VISOR
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Introduction
Wien Law:
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Introduction
Wien Law:
Short wave camera (1-2um): Taken too
much radiation from sun (surrounding
heat) during daylight which make thermal
image unclear for the hotspot issue.
Long wave camera(8-14um): Daylight
does not give impact even at noon.
Suitable for TNB.
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Limits used in TNB: Condition Monitoring Guideline
Guideline
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Wrong interpretation-without analysis during daylight:
Analysis
IS IT A
HOTSPOT???
22.1
31.0 C
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
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Clear image hotspot but still not critical
Analysis
24.7
54.3 C
25
30
35
40
45
50
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Wrong interpretation if image taken like this :
Analysis
17.1
27.3 C
18
20
22
24
26
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Clear image- critical hotspot:
Analysis
17.1
131.7 C
20
40
60
80
100
120
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Analysis can be done using measuring tools:
Isotherm
or using camera by :
Adjusting thermal tuning
Analysis
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Thermal tuning for span and level can detectlooseness or the source of hotspot.
What is thermal tuning?
Bring the colors of the image on the object of
analysis to maximize color contrast
Note:
- Span is the part within the temperaturerange or thermal contrast
- Level is the middle point of the span
Analysis
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Looseness of bolt and nut (on-site thermal tuning)
Analysis
25.0
32.1 C
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
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Looseness of bolt and nut (thermal tuning + Isotherm)
Analysis
17.8
91.7 C
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
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Looseness of bolt and nut (thermal tuning)
Analysis
17.8
102.6 C
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
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Analysis:
Isotherm (universal use to detect the sourceof hotspot)
Analysis
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Isotherm basically were used to detect thesource of hotspot
What is Isotherm?
Replaces certain colors in the scale with acontrasting color. It marks an interval of
equal apparent temperature.
Analysis
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The source of hotspot (using Isotherm)
Analysis
16.8
74.9 C
20
30
40
50
60
70
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The source of hotspot (using Isotherm)
Analysis
5.8
306.3 C
50
100
150
200
250
300
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The source of hotspot (using Isotherm but doesnt getclear image-limited analysis)
Analysis
-4.2
121.1 C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
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The source of hotspot (using Isotherm + palletsrainbow)
Analysis
-4.2
121.1 C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
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The source of hotspot (using Isotherm)
Analysis
30.0
86.5 C
40
50
60
70
80
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Thermographic Process
Analysis
Defect Notification in PMERMS System based on
CMU guideline limits
Thermographic Scanning
Return to
Service
Fail
Pass
Pass FailRescan immediately
after repaired
Return to Service andcontinue operation until
next routine(every 6
Months)
Figure 1.0: Thermographic Flow Chart Diagram
Investigate further
Decision to repair/rectify
made by substation team
based on thermal image
analysis
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To perform analysis for measuring thebehaviour of hotspot before plan therectification to prevent pointlessoutage.
To implement guideline within theTransmission System to prevent failure
on equipment regarding hotspot.
Recommendation &
Conclusion
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Thank You