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Conflicts with Mexico
Foundations of America
Mr. Blais
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Colonizing Texas• In the 1800s the Spanish
had offered large pieces of land to people who promised to recruit settlers.
• The Mexican government later granted large tracts of land to settlers who promised to follow Mexican law and become citizens of Mexico
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Growing Conflicts• Meanwhile many
Americans also began moving into Texas
• There were conflicts over slavery, because Mexico forbid it and Americans had been used to using them.
• Americans in Texas also wanted a say in the govt. and Mexico wouldn’t allow it
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Conflict Breaks Out• Mexico’s govt. began to fear
the alarming number of Americans in Texas and in 1830 Mexico banned immigration and constructed new army posts in the area.
• Anglo-Texans then petitioned the Mexican govt. for changes and when they were rejected Texans believed it was time to break away from Mexico
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Texas Wages War on Mexico
• Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was the supreme leader of Mexico
• He lost two early skirmishes again Texas volunteers in the cities of Gonzales and San Antonio.
• Sam Houston was then appointed by the Texans as head of their military.
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The Alamo• Although the Mexican Army
initially lost San Antonio, they came to take it back.
• 200 Texan volunteers made their stand at a small abandoned missionary known as the Alamo.
• Santa Anna shelled the Alamo for days and finally committed his troops to an all out attack.
• After fierce fighting all the defenders were killed, including men such as Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett
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San Jacinto• About a month after the fall of the
Alamo, Sam Houston organized his Texas volunteers and attacked a resting Mexican Army on the banks of the San Jacinto river.
• The battle of over in 20 minutes and hundreds of Mexicans were killed or captured.
• Santa Anna was taken prisoner the next day
• A peace treaty was signed an by September 1836 the Republic of Texas (an independent nation) was formed
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Annexation of Texas• Texan was an independent nation
for nine and during those years they had been actively seeking entry in the U.S.
• In 1845, after Polk had already won the election, John Tyler urged Congress to annex (add) Texas to the U.S.
• By December Texas was a U.S. territory but the border between Texas and Mexico was still unresolved
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The U.S. Declares War on Mexico• James K. Polk wanted to move
against Mexico but he was unsure Americans would back him.
• So he sent Zachary Taylor to the disputed border between Texas and Mexico.
• Mexico saw this as an incursion into their territory and killed 11 Americans on a cavalry patrol
• Polk declared “Mexico had spilt American blood on American soil” and got Congress to declare war
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Opposition to the War• Many Americans were critical
of “Mr. Polk’s War”.
• Many felt the war was overly aggressive and unjust.
• Others felt it had been provoked and engineered solely by Polk
• But the majority of northerners opposed it because they thought it was a ploy by the south to add more slave territory to the United States
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Mexican-American War
• Taylor soon moved his troops into Mexico and won many multiple battles against Mexico’s leader Santa Anna
• General Winfield Scott landed troops in Eastern Mexico and won victory after victory throughout central Mexico.
• Scott finally captured Mexico city by the end of 1847.