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When DNA is transcribed, the result is an RNA molecule.
RNA is then translated into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.
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Triplets of bases
• Specify all the amino acids.
• Are called codons.
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Transcription: From DNA to RNA In transcription,
• Genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA.
• An RNA molecule is transcribed from a DNA template.
Transcription
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Initiation of Transcription The “start transcribing”
signal is a nucleotide
sequence called a
promoter.
The first phase of
transcription is initiation:
• RNA polymerase
attaches to the promoter.
• RNA synthesis begins.
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RNA Elongation The second phase of
transcription is elongation:
• The RNA grows longer.
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Termination of Transcription The third phase of
transcription is
termination:
• RNA polymerase
reaches a sequence
of DNA bases
called a terminator.
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The Processing of Eukaryotic RNA The eukaryotic cell processes the RNA after transcription.
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Translation: The Players Translation
• Is the conversion from the nucleic acid language to the
protein language.
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) mRNA
• Is the first ingredient for
translation.
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Transfer RNA (tRNA) tRNA
• Acts as a molecular
interpreter.
• Carries amino
acids.
• Matches amino
acids with codons
in mRNA using
anticodons.
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Ribosomes Ribosomes
• Are organelles that actually
make polypeptides.
• Are made up of two
protein subunits.
• Contain ribosomal RNA
(rRNA).
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Translation
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Translation
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Translation
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Translation
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Translation
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Translation
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Translation
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Translation
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Review: DNA RNA Protein The flow of genetic information in a cell