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Count Cavour[The “Head”]
Giuseppi Garibaldi
[The “Sword”]
King Victor Emmanuel II
Giuseppi Mazzini
[The “Heart”]
Italian Nationalist LeadersItalian Nationalist Leaders
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1815:Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont is created after the defeat of Napoleon
1815:Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont is created after the defeat of Napoleon
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Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet”
Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet”
Italian unification movement:
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1831:Mazzini establishes “Young Italy” group of nationalists hoping to unite the region
1831:Mazzini establishes “Young Italy” group of nationalists hoping to unite the region
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Carbonari Insurrections:Carbonari Insurrections:
Committed to establishing a unitedItalian republic. Became the Young Italian Society in 1831 and provoked nationalist uprisings throughout Italy in 1848.
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1849:Mazzini helps set up a revolutionary republic in Rome
1849:Mazzini helps set up a revolutionary republic in Rome
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1852:Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia-Piedmont names Count Camillo Cavour prime minister
1852:Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia-Piedmont names Count Camillo Cavour prime minister
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1855:Sardinia joins Britain and France in the Crimean War against Russia
1855:Sardinia joins Britain and France in the Crimean War against Russia
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Sardinia Sends Troops to the Crimea
Sardinia Sends Troops to the Crimea
Sardinia gains no territory, but establishes diplomatic relations with France
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The Crimean War [1854-1856]The Crimean War [1854-1856]
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Cavour & Napoleon IIIMeet at Plombières, 1858
Cavour & Napoleon IIIMeet at Plombières, 1858
A secret alliance is formed between Sardinia and France against Austria.
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1859:Through Cavour, Sardinia defeats Austria with France’s assistance. Annexes the region of Lombardy. Nationalist groups overthrow Austrian-backed rulers in northern Italian states.
1859:Through Cavour, Sardinia defeats Austria with France’s assistance. Annexes the region of Lombardy. Nationalist groups overthrow Austrian-backed rulers in northern Italian states.
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Austro-Sardinian War, 1859Austro-Sardinian War, 1859
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1860:Garibaldi and his “Red Shirts” capture Sicily and Naples in southern Italy. He gives over both regions to Victor Emmanuel.
1860:Garibaldi and his “Red Shirts” capture Sicily and Naples in southern Italy. He gives over both regions to Victor Emmanuel.
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Garibaldi & His “Red Shirts” Unite with CavourGaribaldi & His “Red Shirts” Unite with Cavour
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1861:Victor Emmanuel II is crowned king of Italy. Cavour dies.
1861:Victor Emmanuel II is crowned king of Italy. Cavour dies.
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1866:After war against Austria, Venetia is added to Italy with Germany’s assistance.
1866:After war against Austria, Venetia is added to Italy with Germany’s assistance.
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Austro-Prussian War, 1866Austro-Prussian War, 1866
Austria loses control of Venetia.
Venetia is annexed to Italy.
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1870:France is forced to withdraw its troops from Rome to fight the Franco-Prussian War. Italy is united.
1870:France is forced to withdraw its troops from Rome to fight the Franco-Prussian War. Italy is united.
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French Troops Leave Rome, 1870
French Troops Leave Rome, 1870
Italy is united!
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A Unified Peninsula!A Unified Peninsula!
A contemporary British cartoon, entitled "Right Leg in the Boot at Last," shows Garibaldi helping Victor Emmanuel put on the Italian boot.
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The Kingdom of Italy: 1871
The Kingdom of Italy: 1871
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Differing Nationalities in the
Austrian Empire
Differing Nationalities in the
Austrian Empire