Download - courtyard planning
Courtyard planning
The courtyard wada of Maharashtra
Planed for individual units as well as for clusters Courtyards may have shapes - circular - Square - rectangular Courtyard for clusters – Chowk –serve as Gathering space Wedding celebrations Household chores Courtyard for wada used for – Informal gathering Celebrating festival
Courtyards
courtyards - Not applicable only to fortified palaces - Also to groups of rural dwellings Maratha settlements organized around - chowk - temple - fortified garhi - raj Wada
Courtyards
Garhi - fortified Rajwada – lacked fortification Wada – lacked fortification
Classification
Hutments Wada - lined the town street - open spaces were in the form of front and . . rear yards.
Habitation pattern
Rajwada - built on large plot Garhi – built on large plot
Habitation pattern
Consist of – Front yards – Used for daily chores Rear yards - It forms service areas - housed the well ( for drinking water . supply)
Courtyards of wada
The first
courtyard -IT served as • Male bastion• Venue for gatheringsi. official ii. Social
Courtyards of wada
Courtyards of wada
The second courtyard :
• A private courtyard • For celebrating festivals• Rooms arranged around
courtyard consist of- Kitchen storage room shrine Bedrooms Bathrooms
Courtyards of wada
The third courtyard :
Toilet were located in outer courtyard to allow sewage through drain
• More elaborate version the rear yards• Comprise of service areas• Equipped with – i. Cowshedsii. Horse stablesiii. Wellsiv. Houses for servantsv. Stores
THE WADA- (A Maratha house)
Wada is associated with large mansions
Variation in Wada's due to differences in - • Economic status• Culture• Lifestyle• Dissimilarities in site
THE WADA- (A Maratha house)
Plan of wada - Courtyards attached to wadas as front and rear yards
plan arrived from a open quadrangle
A pillared semi open corridor around the chowk
Rooms beyond the corridor
Typical wada
Osari (verandah) Devdi (guard room) Kacheri (office) Baithak (reception) Dalan (living room) Majghar (middle room) Deoghar (prayer room) Gotha (cowshed) Nahani (bath/toilet) Swaipak ghar (kitchen) Kothar(store) Tulsi vrindavan (shrine)
Umbartha (threshold of wada) ritually
patterned with rangolis Footprints of Lakshmi were also made
Typical wada
Central facade has an
opening Plinth of central structural
bay has steps Every structural bay on
upper floor has a long window
Windows allow people on 1st floor to participate in the courtyard below
Typical wada
Typical wada
Rooms receive indirect light through courts
This ensures interior of wada remains cool
Ground floor -
Typical wada
Otah - Serves as transition
between public realm and interior
Typical wada
Pahila chowk(first courtyard) - Passing by otah, arrives the pahila chowk The outer courtyard formed the center of all
activities Semi public male dominated spaces were
organized around the courta. Kacheri(office)b. Daphtar(record room)c. Khalbatkhana(negotiation room)d. Meeting hall
Typical wada
Pahila chowk(first courtyard)
Marriages and festivals celebrated here Interior facade of the court is ornamented Water fountains placed at the center Serves as climate moderatorI. Provides lightII. Provides ventilation
Typical wada
Atla chowk (inner court) - Situated at the rear of wada Most private space within the house Inner court surrounded by a pillared
verandah
Typical wada
Atla chowk ( inner court) - Women perform daily chores e.g.;I. NeedleworkII. Cutting vegetablesIII. Making sweets, Making pickles &
snacks etc. festivals also Performed here :I. Mangla gaurII. DiwaliIII. Kojagiri
Typical wada
Sacred aspect of court is central placement of tulsi vrindavan
Tulsi plant signified the transplantation of bride from her parents to that of husband
Atla chowk (inner court) -
Regional
classificationKokan Desh Khandesh Marathwa
daVidarbha
Joshi wada Shaniwar wada
Wada at pimplner
Patil wada Senior bhosle wada
Garhi(Jadhavrao garhi) Rajwada(satara) Wada ( menavali wada)
Examples
It stood isolated on hill top It has ramparts(defensive wall) Smaller arch with ogee arch
called dindi darwaza
Garhi- Jadhavrao garhi
The courtyards are at
different levels , taking advantage of hill profile
It has 4 courtyards Internal courtyard has
tulsi vrindavan
Garhi- Jadhavrao garhi
Is an example of palace
wadas Exposure of wada and
absence of ramparts Built on the foothills of
fort ajinkya tara Ground plus two storeyed
wada Openings in every bay Façade with series of
arches
Rajwada - satara
First internal courtyard has
a two storeyed structure on all sides
Courtyard is large Built form on the four sides
is stark and without ornamentation
Full length window openings
courtyard used as I. for ground assemblyII. school playground
Rajwada - satara
Second internal courtyard has the sopa or the pillared hall
Columns are two storeyed high
Onion shaped arches spanning columns
The rajwada today is used for the offices of municipal corporation and high school
Rajwada - satara
It falls in category of
nobleman's wada Specifically it is a
complex of ghats , wada & temple
Wada has six courtyards
Providing light & ventilation
Menavali wada wai
Two courtyards contain receptacles of tulsi plant
Courtyards are open to sky and needs drainage system
Drainage system having open joints
Enclosed rooms overlooking courtyards are well ventilated by full height windows
Courtyards are not intended for fixed functions
Adapted for various uses
Menavali wada wai
Presented by – Gayatri Kangarkar
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