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Liquid Air Energy Storage
TMCES Workshop, Feb 4, 2020
Pittsburgh, PA
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Designer, developer, licensor
Use proven equipment, suppliers & EPC
Build Own Transfer – PPA – Turnkey & wrap
5.5 MW built
200 MW under development
2
Highview Power
Company
Role
Deployment
Philosophy
Contracting
Facilities
Liquid Air Energy StorageSolution
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How Liquid Air Energy Storage works
2. Store
3
Hot Recycle
AC
1. Charge
Cold Recycle
3. Discharge
AC
Additional hot and cold thermal recycling increases efficiency
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Modular deployment
4
50 MW
400 MWh
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Cost dynamics favorable to long duration
5
100MW10MW 1GW
2h
12h
24h
4h
Power
Du
rati
on
$1,000 / kW
$5
0 / k
Wh
$600 / kW
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Key characteristics
Characteristics
Installed energy cost $50 / kWh
Installed power cost $1,000 / kW at 50 MW
Usable energy
degradationNone
Roundtrip efficiency 60%
Standing losses 0.1% per day
Min. response time < 1 minute
Synchronous services Inertia and VARs
Chemical hazard None
Fire hazard Low
Environmental impact Low
Low cost for long duration
No degradation
Low standing losses
Fast response capability
Synchronous generation
Safe and environmentally friendly
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California
High energy price spread
due to solar and anti-fossil
environment.
Some value cases
Texas
High penetration of variable
renewables. No capacity
market.16%
5%
79%
Revenue mix (%)
38%
11%20%
31%
Revenue mix (%)
ISO-NE
Moderate renewables and
still using gas.
32%
22%19%
27%
Revenue mix (%)
NYISO
Peaker replacement
initiative. Highly
constrained grid.
19% 2%
26%53%
Revenue mix (%)
Revenue source legend:
Prevailing capacity price and best-location Day-Ahead wholesale revenue. 7
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Economic sensitivities
CharacteristicEconomic Sensitivity
CA case TX case NE Case NY case
Capital cost
Degradation
Roundtrip efficiency
Standing losses
Min. response time
Synchronous services
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