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CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in
Aaron Cottrell, PCC pilot plant project manager, CSIRO
PCC Science & Technology seminar, Tuesday 26 March 2013
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia
Energy Technology
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Research Partners
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 2
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Overview
• CSIRO CO2 capture pilot plants
• The Tarong pilot plant
• Baseline operation with MEA– Column profiles
– Minimum energy operating conditions
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 3
– Minimum energy operating conditions
– Process modification evaluation
– HSS formation
• Conclusions and future work
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Learning by doing Learning by searchingPCC
Pilot plants Research & Development
Loy YangNovel solvents
CET Ionic liquidsCET
Adsorbents
Integrated PCC R&D Program
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 4
Vales Point
China Huaneng
Tarong
Novel processesCET
Economics & IntegrationCET
Solvent synthesisCMSE
AdsorbentsCESRE
Environmental impactsCET
EnzymesCES
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Plant Loy Yang Munmorah ����
Vales Point
Tarong Newcastle PDF
Solvent Amine Ammonia/
Amine
Amine Ammonia/
Amine
Flue gas source Brown coal Black coal Black coal Synthetic
Scale 50 kg/hr 300 kg/hr 100 kg/hr 20 kg/hr
Pilot plant summary
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 5
Scale 50 kg/hr 300 kg/hr 100 kg/hr 20 kg/hr
Focus Solvent
benchmarking
Ammonia
operation
Process
optimisation
Process
development
Other
activities
Emission study Pressurised
absorption
Concentrated
piperazine
Cutting edge
processes
� Matrix approach helps cover many aspects of PCC as well as providing quicker delivery of information
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CSIRO pilot plant at AGL Loy Yang
• Brown coal flue gas, amine based solvents
• Previous experimental campaigns –Focus on solvent evaluation
– Baseline with 30wt% MEA
– Completed 7 campaigns with different solvents
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 6
solvents
• Current work also focusing on detailed emissions measurements and solvent degradation
• Collaboration with EU consortium in the coCAPco project (combined CO2 + SO2
control process)
Artanto et al. 2012, Fuel 101, 264-275
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Munmorah/Vales Point pilot plant
• Black coal flue gas
• Evaluated ammonia as a CO2 capture solvent
• Relocated to Vales Point power station. Currently undergoing commissioning
• NH3 is an interesting solvent for CO2
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 7
• NH3 is an interesting solvent for CO2
capture, however there are challenges:
– Ammonia loss
– Low CO2 absorption rates
– Solids formation (condenser)
• Supported by Coal Innovation NSW funding
Yu et al. 2012, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 10, 15-25
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Vales Point pilot plant – solar• Design and construction of a pilot scale solar thermal reboiler for
thermal regeneration of liquid absorbents.
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 8
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Tarong Power Station• Sub-critical black coal, built late 1970’s• 4 units, 1400 MW total• No FGD/DeNox
Tarong CO2 capture pilot plant
Results from the Tarong CO2 capture pilot plant | Ashleigh Cousins | Page 9
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Operation overview
• Construction on site, May – August 2010
• Commissioning, August – November 2010
• Operation with MEA, November 2010 –May 2011
– Baseline operation (24 hr)
– Minimum energy operating conditions
– Process modification evaluation
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 10
– Process modification evaluation
– Corrosion coupon analysis
• Initial operation with piperazine, August –October 2011
• APP project completed 2011
• ANLEC R&D project, Evaluation of concentrated piperazine, October 2011 –now
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Baseline operation – absorber column profiles
5
6
7
8
Pac
ked
heig
ht (
m)
Model gas Model liquid Plant gas
Plant liquid Plant packing
Temperature
5
6
7
8
Pac
ked
heig
ht (
m)
Model CO2 Plant CO2
Liquid CO2 concentration
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 11
0
1
2
3
4
5
30 40 50 60 70
Temperature (C)
Pac
ked
heig
ht (
m)
0
1
2
3
4
0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
Solvent CO2 loading (mol CO2 / mol MEA)
Pac
ked
heig
ht (
m)
Cousins et al. 2012, Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 2, 329-345
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Baseline operation – minimum energy operating conditions
4
5
6
7
So
lven
t re
gen
erat
ion
en
erg
y (M
J/kg
CO
2)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Lea
n lo
adin
g (
mo
l CO
2 / m
ol M
EA
)
Plant energy Model reboiler duty Plant lean loading Model lean loading
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 12
0
1
2
3
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Liquid/Gas ratio (kg/kg)
So
lven
t re
gen
erat
ion
en
erg
y (M
J/kg
CO
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Lea
n lo
adin
g (
mo
l CO
Cousins et al. 2012, Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 2, 329-345
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Process modification evaluation – rich split
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 13
Based on patent of Eisenberg and Johnson 1979
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Process modification evaluation – rich split
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
Sol
vent
reg
ener
atio
n en
ergy
(kW
)
Split data 0% Split
80
90
100
% o
f coo
ling
wat
er r
equi
rem
ent c
ompa
red
Split data 0% Split
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 14
75
80
85
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Split fraction (mass%)
Sol
vent
reg
ener
atio
n en
ergy
(kW
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Split fraction (mass %)
% o
f coo
ling
wat
er r
equi
rem
ent c
ompa
red
to s
tand
ard
oper
atio
n
Cousins et al. 2012, Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 2, 329-345
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Heat stable salt measurement
• Flue gas after pre-treatment ~
– 0-5 ppm SO2
– 100-220 ppm NO
– 0-3 ppm NO2
• HSS content increased ~0.4 wt% after 500 h operation
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
Hea
t sta
ble
sal
t co
nce
ntr
atio
n (w
t%)
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 15
Cottrell 2011, Proceedings 1st Post Combustion Capture conference
• HSS content increased ~0.4 wt% after 500 h operation
• Solvent did not exhibit any noticeable decrease in performance
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Hours of operation
Hea
t sta
ble
sal
t co
nce
ntr
atio
n (w
t%)
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Why piperazine?
• Potentially lower regeneration energy solvent cf. MEA
• More stable (thermal/chemical)
• Low vapour pressure (reduced environmental emissions)
Concerns when operating with piperazine
Concentrated piperazine
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 16
Concerns when operating with piperazine
• Narrow operating window – solubility issues
• Formation of degradation products
In collaboration with the University of Texas, Austin
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Conclusions and future work
CSIRO’s pilot plants have provided useful information for evaluating CO2 capture technologies at Australian coal fired power stations.
Future work:
• Loy Yang
o Combined SO2 and CO2 removal as part of the coCAPco project
• Vales Point
CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell | Page 17
• Vales Point
o Pilot plant will be available for additional projects
o Development of solar thermal reforming
• Tarong
o Evaluation of concentrated piperazine funded through ANLEC R&D
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Aaron Cottrell
PCC pilot plant Project Manager
CSIRO Energy Technology
Thank youAdvanced Coal Technology Portfolio
CSIRO Energy Technology
CET, NSW