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Curriculum & Assessment for Students with ASD/DDSPED 510-001, CRN:43483
Sheldon Loman, PhD. Winter 2014Contact: [email protected]
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2
“Clearing a path for people with special needs clears the path for
everyone!”
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SWIFTswiftschools.org• http://vimeo.com/70794074
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This Afternoon’s Agenda• Why are you here? • Student Information Sheet• Course Syllabus & Assignments• Defining Severe Disabilities• Activity: Conceptual Models• COACH: A model for educational
planning for students with disabilities
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Why are you here?…specifically, pursuing the career of a special educator?
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KWL for instructing students with multiple or developmental disabilitiesWhat do you ….
KNOW
What do you…
WANT to know
What you…
LEARNED
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Steps in Ecological Assessment Process
• Step 1: Plan with Student & Family • Person-centered Planning
• Step 2: Summarize what is known about the student• Record Review, IEP Review
• Step 3: Encourage Self-Determination/ Assess Student Preferences• Preference Assessment
• Step 4: Assess student’s instructional program• Daily Schedule Analysis• Task Analyses• Other Assessments
• Step 5: Develop ecological assessment report• To inform IEP: PLAAFP, Goals & Objectives, Interventions
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Course Syllabus & Assignments
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http://www.ted.com/talks/roberto_d_angelo_francesca_fedeli_in_our_baby_s_illness_a_life_lesson.html??utm_medium=social&source=email&utm_source=email&utm_campaign=ios-share
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Who are students with significant disabilities?• In many respects, they are
just like everyone else---heterogeneous group of people
• From every part of society• Every ethnic and racial
group• All socioeconomic levels• All faiths
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When said to have a significant disability it means several things1. Moderate, severe, or profound
intellectual disability-interaction between intelligence
and adaptive behavior (i.e., daily living skills, communication, social skills; Grossman, 1983, Reschly, 1999)
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2. Disability is present throughout a person’s life
Not like catching the fluPerson’s needs are lifelong
and do not go away simply because he or she turns a certain age
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3. Importance of support from other people
Needed for all students, but amplified for students with significant disabilities.
1990’s American Association on Mental Retardation revised intellectual disability based on level of support needed.
Intermittent, Limited, Extensive, Pervasive
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IDEA, 2004…• Does not define severe disabilities• 13 distinct disability categories• Several can reasonably include
students considered to have severe disabilities: e.g., autism, deaf-blindness, intellectual disabilities, multiple disabilities, traumatic brain injury.
• 2007 Change in Terms: intellectual disabilities rather than mental retardation
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Less than 40 years ago…
• People with significant disabilities did not have a legal right to attend public schools
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• 6th grader, 12 years old• Lives at home with her family:
Mom, Dad & 2 high school brothers • Recently entered neighborhood
school• She has a cognitive impairment• She communicates wants/needs
through gestures, pushing, screaming, & crying.
Meet: Grace
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Meet: Jamar • 10th grade, 15 years old• English is his second language• Living in his 6th foster family with 4 other
foster siblings.• Loves sports & music• Has difficulty with memory, writing, &
organization due to a traumatic brain injury
• Tries to get friends by teasing, interrupting, and inappropriate proximity
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Meet: Earl • Last year of school, 20 yrs old• Wants to work, get his own apartment, &
manage his own bank account• His mother is the primary advocate for his
needs.• Performs well when provided with choices.• Communicates mostly with gestures• Augmentative communication systems
were unsuccessfully implemented at school• Has difficulty following directions at school
-- if “pushed” to do things, he sometimes hits or pushes others (safety concerns)
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Horner (2011)
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Think of a student that is diagnosed as having a developmental disability• What supports does/will this
student receive?
• How are these supports determined?
• Who is involved in this determination?
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Intensive Needs Usually Evident in All Areas of Life (Life-long)
Supports must: • Address all contexts, people, situations
related to student behavior (Contextual Fit) • Think outside the “box” OR School Walls.• Involve family, professionals, community
agencies outside of the school
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Schools continue to struggle to support students with intensive
needs (Lewis & Sugai, 1999; Office of Special Education Programs [OSEP], 2002; Rose & Gallup, 2005; Wagner et al, 2006)• These students’ needs are often complex
& confounded with numerous dynamic variables:– Health condition– Home/family situation– Schooling history (failure/mobility)– Socioeconomic status– Culture– Other variables….
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Left unchecked interfering behaviors negatively affect one’s quality of life:
• Unsuccessful social relationships,
• Social isolation, • Restrictive educational
settings,• Limited independent work
opportunities (Dunlap & Carr, 2007)
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Need for “One Voice”….
• Fragmented supports that are not linked across systems…
• Not based on function of behaviors…• Lack breadth and depth to effectively change
behavior…• Implemented with low intensity, low fidelity =
poor outcome…• Cynicism by student/family towards
interventions…• Apathy by support providers…
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Social/Behavior Support System: School-wide PBS
Academic Support System: Response to Intervention
External Community Supports
Context for: Person Centered Planning, Functional Assessment & Wraparound
I hear “One
Voice”
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What is a conceptual model?• A mental model that represents
“concepts” and relationships between them.
• Formulation of a written description and visual representation of predicted relationships.
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Dyadic Discussion Practice
• Read the assigned article • (30 minutes) • Break into a group with 4-5 other people
who read the same article and discuss (5 minutes)
• Share out the conceptual model presented in your article
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Sailor & Roger, 2005
• In SAM, who guides instruction for students with special needs?
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Sailor, 2008
• Contrast the medical model vs “New Service Model” OR RTI as presented by Sailor
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Thompson, Wehmeyer, & Hughes, 2010• Explain the person-environment fit
model presented
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Loman et al., 2010
• What are the 3 dimensions of self-determination?
• What were the 5 practices that met the conditions of self-determination?
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SAM
choolwide
pplications
odel
SAM
choolwide
pplications
odel
SAMSAM
choolwide
pplications
odel Six Guiding Principles to Creating an Inclusive School1. All instruction is guided by General Education
2. All school resources are configured to benefit all
students3. School Proactively addresses social development and
citizenship4. School is data-based learning organization5. School has open boundaries in relation to its families
and its community6. District supports school-centered approach and
extensive systems-change activities required to implement a school-wide model
Sailor & Roger, 2005
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SAM
choolwide
pplications
odel
SAM
choolwide
pplications
odel
SAMSAM
choolwide
pplications
odel
Sailor, 2008
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Practice Guide for Self Determination
Loman et al., 2010
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Causal Agency/ Independence Proxy Agency
Opportunities
PracticesGoal Setting
Set
Self-Monitoring
Self –instruction
Self-evaluation
Self-reinforcement
Self-feedback
Choice/Dec. Making
Prob. Solving
Self-Adv
Social Capital
Soc Inclusion
Enriched Environment
Dignity of Risk
Person-Centered Planning
Teacher-Directed Strategies
Self-Directed Strategies
Family Supports
Organize Env. Systems
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Person-Environment Fit & Schools (Thompson, Wehmeyer, & Hughes, 2010)
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Change
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Ability Awareness• Alternatively called “disability
awareness”• Lessons, activities, discussions that
teach students & staff about individual abilities
• Facilitates a dialogue about overall respect & dignity
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akbHef74zMM&feature=related
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Steps in Ecological Assessment Process
• Step 1: Plan with Student & Family • Person-centered Planning
• Step 2: Summarize what is known about the student• Record Review, IEP Review
• Step 3: Encourage Self-Determination/ Assess Student Preferences• Preference Assessment
• Step 4: Assess student’s instructional program• Daily Schedule Analysis• Task Analyses• Other Assessments
• Step 5: Develop ecological assessment report• To inform IEP: PLAAFP, Goals & Objectives, Interventions
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Person-Centered PlanningStrength-based shared understanding of : • Values, • Long-term goals, • Current programs, • Barriers to participation & success , • Possible variables influencing barriers
• Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKYDSncagKQ&feature=youtu.be
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Planning Alternative Tomorrows with Hope (PATH)
http://www.inclusive-solutions.com/pcplanning.asp
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What planning looks like?
http://www.inclusive solutions.com/pcplanning.asp
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Types of PlanningTraditional• Experts made
decisions about life• Placed in programs
to overcome areas of weakness
• Person expected to conform to program
Person-Centered• Focus person and
those who know him/her make decisions
• Programs individualized and focuses on strengths
• Program adapted as need arises
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Features of Person-Centered Planning
• Intentional planning for success (pre-planning) – range of purpose for planning - stage
• Focus on and driven by the student’s strengths, interests and preferences
• Focus on capacities and opportunities - establishes a vision
• The process is flexible, dynamic and informal• Requires collaborative teamwork with commitment to
action• Requires an effective facilitatorExcerpt from Flannery, B., Slovic, R. & McLean Person-Centered Planning: How do we know we are
doing it?
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Putting it all together
Home Community
School Work
QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Person-centered Planning: Basic Beliefs
Every person has:• The right to plan a life for his or herself
which is personally meaningful and satisfying.
• Talents and strengths that can be developed
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How would you set up a person-centered planning session for one of your students?
• Who would be invited? • How would people be invited? • Schedule?• When/Where?
Remember: Person-centered…..think about the student
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Team Members and Roles• Adapted Physical Education (APE) Teacher
• Provides adaptations to regular PE program to promote student participation
• Audiologist: Identifies types and degrees of hearing loss and provides equipment guidelines
• Family Members & Student: Experts in student and stakeholders in their future
• General Education Teacher: GE content expert, collaborates to instruct student
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Team Members and Roles• Nurse: information source for the team on student’s medical
conditions, performs & trains staff to do specialized medical procedures (e.g., tube feeding, catheterization)
• Occupational Therapist: Promotes optimal physical functioning (fine motor, sensory motor), suggests modifications/supports
• Physical Therapist: Same, but gross motor, positioning
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Team Members and Roles• Orientation & Mobility (O&M): specialized training in visual
functioning in mobility• Psychologist: evaluator of student’s intellectual and adaptive abilities
and interpreter of evaluation results, may provide suggestions for reducing student behaviors
• Social Worker: facilitates access to services and establishing linkages between school and community programs
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Team Members and Roles• Speech-Language Pathologist:
• Provides instruction in the area of communication, language, speech. • Provides suggestions and instruction with AAC devices. • Expertise in oral motor and feeding skills
• Special Education Teacher: • Provides specialized teaching strategies, provides and implements
adaptations
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Connection to IEP• Education/School a part of person’s life• Consistency across
• Behavior support• Skills training (generalization/adaptation of skills)• Communication systems• Planning team members
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PC-Planning Role in Support Planning
• Personally valued outcomes that address contextual issues• Broader view of the student that takes into account larger
issues that affect student (student/family/agency views, funding, disability, community supports)
• Ensures interventions match students needs/values• Provide perspective on historical and present setting events• Increase buy-in on the plan from all stakeholders• Identify culturally relevant methods of support• Increases likelihood of the plan being effective
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COACH
Choosing Outcomes & Accommodations for Children (3rd Edition): A Guide to Educational Planning for Students
with DisabilitiesGiangreco, Cloninger, Iverson (2011)
Brookes Publishing
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What is COACH?
• Planning tool designed to help teams determine the components of individually appropriate educational programs for students with intensive special educational needs.
• Offers initial suggestions for implementing & evaluating students’ educational programs in typical classroom settings & activities
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2 Parts of COACH (pg. 4)
• Part A: Determining a Student’s Educational Program1. Family Interview2. Additional Learning Outcomes3. General Supports
• Part B: Translating the Family-Identified Priorities into Goals & Objectives4. Writing Annual Goals5. Writing Short-term Objectives6. Program-at-a-Glance
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Principles Forming the Basis of COACH
1. All students are capable of learning & deserve a meaningful curriculum.
2. Quality instruction requires ongoing access to inclusive environments.
3. Pursuing valued life outcomes informs the selection of curricular content.
4. Family involvement is a cornerstone of educational planning.
5. Collaborative teamwork is essential to quality education.6. Coordination of services ensures that necessary supports
are appropriately provided.
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Step 1- The Family Interview
• Face to face with the family – 1-2 parents & the student (when appropriate)– Purposely selected school personnel
• Facilitator guides family through a process in selecting a small set of the most important learning outcomes from the family’s perspective
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Introducing the Family Interview
• Reminder of orientation to COACH (should have been occurred before Family Interview)
• 6 categories of information to share with the family prior to asking them questions (page 3)
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Step 1.1: Valued Life Outcomes (pg. 6)
• These set a context for the rest of COACH• Present/read to family before interview
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Step 1.2: Selecting Curriculum Areas to be Explored During the Family Interview (pp. 7-13)
• Family considers all 9 curriculum areas included in COACH and then make a decision about which subset of areas (up to 4) should be explored in greater depth during the Family Interview.
• Helps parents become familiar with the curriculum areas and corresponding lists of learning outcomes included in COACH, given the understanding they are designed to extend learning outcomes included in the general education curriculum, not replace them.
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Step 1.3: Rating Learning Outcomes in Selected Curriculum Areas (pp. 14-23)
• Provides lists for each of the 9 curriculum areas and corresponding learning outcomes considered in the Family Interview.
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Step 1.4: Prioritizing Learning Outcomes in Selected Curriculum Areas
• Prioritizing allows the family to consider which of the learning outcomes are their top priorities within each curriculum area reviewed.
• Maximum of top 4 priorities• Consider strengths & interests of child, immediacy
of the need, frequency of use, practicality, future use, and its potential affect on valued life outcomes.
• Ranked priorities transferred to next step (pp. 24-25)
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Step 1.5: Cross-Prioritization (pp. 24-25)
• Provides an opportunity for the family to select and rank overall priority learning outcomes for their child.
• Using the same criteria in step 1.4, the family ranks a maximum of their top 6 overall priorities.
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Step 2: Additional Learning Outcomes
• Team members complete the Additional Learning Outcomes
• This step recognizes that selecting priorities from the Family Interview are insufficient to comprise a complete educational program.
• Subset of team members who know the student and who has knowledge of the general education curriculum.
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Step 2.1: Additional Learning Outcomes from COACH (pp. 26-27)
• Ensures that important selections made during the Family Interview, but not slated for inclusion as IEP goals, s well as learning outcome areas tabled in step 1.2 (Selecting Curriculum Areas to Explore during the Family Interview)
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Step 2.2: Additional Learning Outcomes from General Education (pp. 30-33)
• Ensures that students with disabilities are provided with the same opportunities as their classmates to pursue a broad-based educational program and to be exposed to a variety of educational content.
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Step 3: General Supports (pp. 34-35)
• Simple method for documenting general supports that need to be provided to or for a student.
• General Supports serve to allow access to, or participation in, the education program.
• What other people need to do to assist the student.
• Personal needs, physical needs, teaching others about the student, sensory needs, access & opportunities.